Juan Pablo Duarte: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Juan Pablo Duarte.jpg|thumb|Juan Pablo Duarte]] |
[[Image:Juan Pablo Duarte.jpg|thumb|Juan Pablo Duarte]] |
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'''Juan Pablo Duarte''' was born on [[January 26]], [[1813]] in |
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'''Juan Pablo Duarte y Díez''' was born on [[January 26]], [[1813]] in [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] during the period of (in Spanish called) ''España Boba''. Duarte, along with [[Francisco del Rosario Sanchez]] and [[Ramón Matías Mella]], is considered as one of the founding fathers of the [[Dominican Republic]]. |
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[[Santo Domingo]], in what was then called New Spain. Duarte, |
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along with [[Francisco del Rosario Sanchez]] and Ramón Matías |
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After the troops of the [[Haiti]]an [[Toussaint L'Ouverture]] invaded the Spanish side of the island in 1801, Duarte's parents, Juan José Duarte and Manuela Diez Jiménez, left to Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, where it is assumed their first son Vicente Celestino was born. The family returned to the country after the war of the Reconquest in 1809, when the the colony was once again a Spanish . His family resided on the western side of the Ozama river, in the La Atarazana zone. |
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Mella, is considered as one of the founding fathers the [[Dominican Republic]]. Recently however, he has become the subject of controversy for alleged [[racism]] toward [[Blacks]] and [[Jews]] and his push for the creation of a separate white and christian state. [http://www.eldiariony.com/noticias/detail.aspx?section=17&&id=1708240] Duarte's secret society [[La Trinitaria]] has been said to have been the influence for the formation of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. [http://www.primicias.com.do/index.php?format=html&module=displaystory&story_id=5408] |
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==Push for Separation== |
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In 1822 the Haitian government annexed and liberated the lightly populated eastern part of the island in order to ward off invasion by [[European]] powers who sought to re-establish [[slavery]]. [[Slave labor]] was then eliminated and those who had profited off of the slave trade or colonialism were subsequently limited in their powers within government. Duarte, the son of White slave owners, was sent to Spain, where the [[Inquisition]] had recently been re-established and enrolled in a Jesuit University where he studied about the [[Crusades]] and [[Catholic]] conquest. He returned to the island with the idea that Catholics could not live with [[Jews]] and [[blacks]] because of cultural and religous differences and pushed for a separate territory for white spanish speaking Catholics. |
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[http://www.eldiariony.com/noticias/detail.aspx?section=17&&id=1708240] |
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==The Struggle for Independence== |
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front of mount La Pelona.]] |
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Due to the neglect of the Spanish authorities, the colonists of Santo Domingo, under the leadership of José Núñez de Cáceres, proclaimed what came to be called the Ephemeral Independence. The neighboring Haitians ([[Haiti]] is a former [[French colony]]) who had already gained independence decided to invade the Spanish side of the island. Haiti's president Jean-Pierre Boyer sent an invasion army that and took over the eastern (Spanish) portion of Hispaniola (La Española),continuing the ethnic cleansing of Europeans and Mulattoes as they had done on the western side of the island. Haiti once again abolished slavery and occupied and absorbed Santo Domingo into the Republic of Haiti. Due to this this and other terrible events Duarte's parents sent their son to study in Europe. |
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On [[July 16]], [[1838]], Duarte and others established a secret |
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society based on linquistic, religous, cultural and racial separation called [[La Trinitaria]] , which pushed to undermine the unification of the islands territory. Duarte who said that between white Catholics and Blacks or Jews "there could be no possible fusion" recruited children of former slave owning families who had lost land and businesses that had profited from slave labor to his cause of separation. Taking advantage of unrest in the capital of [[Port-au-Prince]], the Trinitarios proclamed cultural separation on |
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[[February 27]], [[1844]] However, Duarte had already been exiled to |
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On [[July 16]], [[1838]], Duarte and others established a secret patriotic society called [[La Trinitaria]], which helped undermine Haitian occupation. Some of its first members included Juan Pablo Duarte, Juan Isidro Pérez, Pedro Alejandro Pina, Jacinto de la Concha, Félix María Ruiz, José María Serra, Benito González, Felipe Alfau and Juan Nepomuceno Ravelo. Later, he and others founded another society, called ''La Filantrópica'', which had a more public presence, seeking to spread veiled idead of liberation through theatrical stages. All of this, along with the help of many who wanted to be rid of the Haitians who ruled over Dominicans led to the proclamation of independence on [[February 27]], [[1844]] ([[Dominican War of Independence]]). However, Duarte had already been exiled to [[Caracas]] the previous year for his insurgent conduct. He continued to correspond with members of his family and members of the independence movement. Independance could not be denied and after many struggles, the Dominican Republic. A republican form of government where a free people would hold ultimate power, through the voting process, a democracy where every citizen would be equal and free. Therefore with its flag and beautiful coat of arms, declaring "God, Fatherland and Freedom", all of these inspired, evoked and expressed by Duarte came into being a country that would soon owe this one man its existence, who gave his fortune and the very best of his life to the cause he fervently believed in. |
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[[Caracas]] the previous year for his separtist conduct. Juan Pablo |
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Duarte died in 1876 in exile. He is currently a subject of a movie about his life by [[Taina Mirabal]] called "[[Father of Racism]]". [http://www.eldiariony.com/noticias/detail.aspx?section=17&&id=1707488] |
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Duarte was supported by many as a candidate for the presidency of the new born Republic. Mella, wanted Duarte to simply declare himself president. Duarte never giving up on the principles of democracy and fairness he lived by would only accept if voted in by a majority of the Dominican people. However the forces of those favoring Spanish sovereignty as protection from continued Haitian threats and invasions, led by general [[Pedro Santana]] a large landowner from the eastern lowlands, took over and exiled Duarte. In 1845, Santana exiled the entire Duarte family. Santana was awarded the hereditary title of Marqués de las Carreras by the Spanish Queen Isabel II and died soon after. |
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The film alleges that Duarte's values are the foundation for present day "profound and entrenched" [http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24468&Cr=haiti&Cr1=] Dominican racism, xenophobia and de-facto aparthied toward blacks as reported by [[Amnesty International]] and the [[United Nations]]. [http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24468&Cr=haiti&Cr1=][http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B9C2E/(httpNewsByYear_en)/91FC4E39DEBE9CDCC12573840045D793?OpenDocument] |
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[http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/americas/caribbean/dominican-republic] |
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Juan Pablo Duarte, then living in Venezuela was made the Dominican Consul and provided with a pension to honor him for his sacrifice. But even this after some time was not honored and he lost commission and pension. He, Juan Pablo Duarte, the poet, philosopher, writer, actor, soldier, general, dreamer and hero died nobly in Caracas, Venezuela, at the age of 63. His remains were transferred to Dominican soil in 1884, ironically by president ([[dictator]]) [[Ulises Heureaux]], and were given a proper burial with full honors. He is entombed in a beautiful mausoleum at the Count's gate alongside Sanchez and Mella, who at that spot fired the rifle shot that propelled them into legend. His birth is commemorated by Dominicans every January 26. |
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[http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR27/001/2007] |
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[http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR270052007?open&of=ENG-369] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/4.htm U.S. Library of Congress - Country Studies - Dominican Republic- Haiti and Santo Domingo] |
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[[Category:Dominican Republic writers]] |
[[Category:Dominican Republic writers]] |
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[[Category:History of the Dominican Republic]] |
[[Category:History of the Dominican Republic]] |
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Revision as of 23:30, 24 February 2008
Juan Pablo Duarte was born on January 26, 1813 in Santo Domingo, in what was then called New Spain. Duarte, along with Francisco del Rosario Sanchez and Ramón Matías Mella, is considered as one of the founding fathers the Dominican Republic. Recently however, he has become the subject of controversy for alleged racism toward Blacks and Jews and his push for the creation of a separate white and christian state. [1] Duarte's secret society La Trinitaria has been said to have been the influence for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan. [2]
Push for Separation
In 1822 the Haitian government annexed and liberated the lightly populated eastern part of the island in order to ward off invasion by European powers who sought to re-establish slavery. Slave labor was then eliminated and those who had profited off of the slave trade or colonialism were subsequently limited in their powers within government. Duarte, the son of White slave owners, was sent to Spain, where the Inquisition had recently been re-established and enrolled in a Jesuit University where he studied about the Crusades and Catholic conquest. He returned to the island with the idea that Catholics could not live with Jews and blacks because of cultural and religous differences and pushed for a separate territory for white spanish speaking Catholics. [3]
On July 16, 1838, Duarte and others established a secret society based on linquistic, religous, cultural and racial separation called La Trinitaria , which pushed to undermine the unification of the islands territory. Duarte who said that between white Catholics and Blacks or Jews "there could be no possible fusion" recruited children of former slave owning families who had lost land and businesses that had profited from slave labor to his cause of separation. Taking advantage of unrest in the capital of Port-au-Prince, the Trinitarios proclamed cultural separation on February 27, 1844 However, Duarte had already been exiled to Caracas the previous year for his separtist conduct. Juan Pablo Duarte died in 1876 in exile. He is currently a subject of a movie about his life by Taina Mirabal called "Father of Racism". [4] The film alleges that Duarte's values are the foundation for present day "profound and entrenched" [5] Dominican racism, xenophobia and de-facto aparthied toward blacks as reported by Amnesty International and the United Nations. [6][7] [8] [9] [10]