Johan Witteveen

Johan Witteveen
Witteveen in 1984
Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
In office 1 September 1973 – 18 June 1978
Preceded by	Pierre-Paul Schweitzer
Succeeded by	Jacques de Larosière
Minister of Economic Affairs
Acting
In office 7 January 1970 – 14 January 1970
Prime Minister	Piet de Jong
Preceded by	Leo de Block
Succeeded by	Roelof Nelissen
Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
In office 5 April 1967 – 6 July 1971 Serving with Joop Bakker
Prime Minister	Piet de Jong
Preceded by	Jan de Quay Barend Biesheuvel
Succeeded by	Roelof Nelissen Molly Geertsema
Minister of Finance
In office 5 April 1967 – 6 July 1971
Prime Minister	Piet de Jong
Preceded by	Jelle Zijlstra
Succeeded by	Roelof Nelissen
In office 24 July 1963 – 14 April 1965
Prime Minister	Victor Marijnen
Preceded by	Jelle Zijlstra
Succeeded by	Anne Vondeling
Member of the House of Representatives
In office 21 September 1965 – 5 April 1967
In office 5 June 1963 – 24 July 1963
Member of the Senate
In office 8 June 1971 – 1 September 1973
In office 23 December 1958 – 5 June 1963
Member of the Social and Economic Council
In office 1 February 1952 – 23 December 1958
Chairman	Frans de Vries (1952–1958) Gerard Verrijn Stuart (1958)
Personal details
Born	Hendrikus Johannes Witteveen (1921-06-12)12 June 1921 Zeist, Netherlands
Died	23 April 2019(2019-04-23) (aged 97) Wassenaar, Netherlands
Political party	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Spouse	Liesbeth de Vries Feijens ​ ​ (m. 1949; died 2006)​
Children	4 (including Willem)
Parent	Willem Gerrit Witteveen (father)
Relatives	Theo van Gogh (cousin)
Alma mater	Rotterdam School of Economics (BEc, MEc, PhD)
Occupation	Politician economist

Hendrikus Johannes "Johan" Witteveen (12 June 1921 – 23 April 2019) was a Dutch politician and economist who served as the fifth managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1973 to 1978.

Witteveen attended the Gymnasium Erasmianum in Rotterdam from June 1933 until June 1939 and applied at the Rotterdam School of Economics in June 1939 majoring in Economics. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation. During the German occupation Witteveen continued his study obtaining a Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1941 but in April 1943 the German occupation authority closed the Rotterdam School of Economics. Following the end of World War II Witteveen returned to the Rotterdam School of Economics and worked as a student researcher before graduating with a Master of Economics degree in December 1945 and worked as an associate professor of Financial economics at the Rotterdam School of Economics from December 1945 until July 1947 when got a doctorate as an Doctor of Philosophy in Financial economics. Witteveen worked as a researcher for the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) from April 1945 until July 1947 and as a professor of Financial economics at the Rotterdam School of Economics from July 1947 until 24 July 1963. He also served as Rector Magnificus of the Erasmus University Rotterdam from 1 January 1951 until 1 January 1952.

Witteveen became a Member of the Senate after the death of Anthonie Nicolaas Molenaar, taking office on 23 December 1958 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Finances and deputy spokesperson for Economic Affairs and Small business. Witteveen was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1963, he subsequently resigned as a Member of the Senate the same day he was installed as Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 5 June 1963. Following the cabinet formation of 1963 Witteveen was appointed as Minister of Finance in the Cabinet Marijnen, taking office on 24 July 1963. The Cabinet Marijnen fell on 27 February 1965 after a disagreement in the coalition about reforms to the public broadcasting system and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1965 when it was replaced by the Cals cabinet on 14 April 1965. Witteveen returned as a distinguished professor of Public economics at the Rotterdam School of Economics on 1 September 1965. Witteveen subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives after the resignation of Lambertus Oldenbanning, taking office on 21 September 1965 serving as a frontbencher chairing the parliamentary committee for Finances and spokesperson for Finances and deputy spokesperson for Economic Affairs. After the election of 1967 Witteveen was again appointed as Minister of Finance and became Deputy Prime Minister in the De Jong cabinet, taking office on 5 April 1967. Witteveen served as acting Minister of Economic Affairs from 7 January 1970 until 14 January 1970 following Leo de Block's resignation. In February 1971 Witteveen announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1971 but wanted to return to the Senate. After the Senate election of 1971 Witteveen returned as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 8 June 1971 serving as a frontbencher chairing the parliamentary committee for Finances and spokesperson for Finances and Economic Affairs. Following the cabinet formation of 1971 Witteveen per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet De Jong was replaced by the Cabinet Biesheuvel I on 6 July 1971. In August 1973 Witteveen was nominated as the next Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), he resigned as a Member of the Senate the same day he was installed as Managing Director, serving from 1 September 1973 until 18 June 1978.

Witteveen retired after spending 20 years in national politics and became active in the private sector and public sector and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (Rockefeller Foundation, Tinbergen Institute, Group of Thirty, Institute of International Relations Clingendael, Society for Statistics and Operations Research and the Helen Dowling Institute) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (SEO Economic Research, Cadastre Agency and Statistics Netherlands) and as an advocate and lobbyist for Sufism and Financial regulation. Witteveen was also a prolific author, having written more than a dozen books since 1947 about Politics, Finances, Economics, Business and Sufism.

Witteveen was known for his abilities as a manager and consensus builder. Witteveen continued to comment on political affairs as a statesman until his death at the age of 97 and holds the distinction as the only Dutchman that served as Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. His eldest son Willem was also a politician, professor, and author, he like his father had served in the Senate.

Early life and education

Witteveen was born on 12 June 1921 in Zeist in the province of Utrecht. He is the son of architect Willem Gerrit Witteveen and Anna Maria Wibaut and the grandson of Social Democratic politician Floor Wibaut. He went to the public secondary school Gymnasium Erasmianum in Rotterdam. He studied economics at the Netherlands School of Economics from 1939 to 1946. He received his PhD in 1947 with the dissertation Loonhoogte en werkgelegenheid (Height of wages and employment). His advisor was Nobel Prize laureate Jan Tinbergen.

Minister of Finance Johan Witteveen and Minister of the Economy and Finance of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during a European Economic Community meeting in Amsterdam on 20 July 1964.

Career

Witteveen worked as an economist at the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis under Jan Tinbergen and Fred Polak from 1947 until 1963. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as a Senator from 23 December 1958 until 5 June 1963 and as a member of the House of Representatives from 5 June 1963 until 24 July 1963.

He then became Minister of Finance in the Marijnen cabinet serving from 24 July 1963 until 14 April 1965. He then served as a Member of the House of Representatives again from 21 September 1965 until 5 April 1967, when he returned as Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister serving from 5 April 1967 until 6 July 1971 in the De Jong cabinet. He again returned to the Senate, serving from 8 June 1971 until 1 September 1973.

Afterwards he became the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, serving from 1 September 1973 until 18 June 1978. From 1978 to 1985 he was the first chairman of the Washington-based economics body, the Group of Thirty. He became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980.

Personal life

On 3 March 1949 Witteveen married Liesbeth de Vries Feijens (born 1 April 1920). They had four children, three sons, and one daughter. Willem Witteveen (1952–2014), Paul Witteveen (1955–1979), Raoul Witteveen and their daughter (born 1960). Liesbeth de Vries Feijens died on 25 November 2006 at the age of 86. His eldest son Willem Witteveen was also a politician, professor and author, he like his father had served in the Senate. Willem Witteveen, his wife and daughter died on 17 July 2014 when Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down over Ukraine. Witteveen was also a first cousin once removed of the in 2004 murdered filmmaker Theo van Gogh. Witteveen died on 23 April 2019 in his home in Wassenaar at the age of 97 years, 315 days.

Decorations

Honours
Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
	Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour	France	25 August 1964
	Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown	Belgium	1968
	Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire	United Kingdom	1969
	Grand Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown	Luxembourg	1970
	Grand Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	17 July 1971	Elevated from Commander (20 April 1965)
	Grand Cross of the Order of Merit	Germany	12 October 1977
	Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	25 April 1979
Awards
Ribbon bar	Awards	Organization	Date	Comment
	Four Freedoms Award	Roosevelt Institute for American Studies	1982

Honorary degrees

Honorary degrees
University	Field	Country	Date	Comment
Erasmus University Rotterdam	Economics	Netherlands	1979

Bibliography

• Witteveen, H.J. (2 March 1999). The Heart of Sufism: Essential Writings of Hazrat Inayat Khan. Shambhala Press. ISBN 9781570624025.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Witteveen, H.J. (1 January 1997). Universal Sufism. Element Books Ltd. ISBN 9781862040939.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

• Witteveen, H.J. (11 January 2003). Sufism in Action: Achievement, Inspiration and Integrity in a Tough World. Vega. ISBN 9781843336938.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Witteveen, H.J. (1 March 2003). Sufism in Action: Spiritualising the Economy. Vega. ISBN 978-1843336938.

External links

Official

• (in Dutch) Dr. H.J. (Johan) Witteveen Parlement & Politiek
• (in Dutch) Dr. H.J. Witteveen (VVD) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal