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List of Jewish mathematicians

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This list of Jewish mathematicians includes mathematicians and statisticians who are or were verifiably Jewish or of Jewish descent. In 1933, when the Nazis rose to power in Germany, one-third of all mathematics professors in the country were Jewish, while Jews constituted less than one percent of the population.[1] Jewish mathematicians made major contributions throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, as is evidenced by their high representation among the winners of major mathematics awards: 27% for the Fields Medal, 30% for the Abel Prize, and 40% for the Wolf Prize.[2][3]: V13:678 

A

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B

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C

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D

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E

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F

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G

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H

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I

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J

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K

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L

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M

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N

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Emmy Noether

O

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P–Q

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R

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S

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T–U

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V

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W

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X–Z

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See also

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References

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  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Skolnik, Fred, ed. (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2 ed.). Detroit: Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.
  4. ^ Glasner, Ruth (2013). "Hebrew Translations in Medieval Christian Spain: Alfonso of Valladolid Translating Archimedes?". Aleph. 13 (2): 185–199. doi:10.2979/aleph.13.2.185. JSTOR 10.2979/aleph.13.2.185. S2CID 170622114.
  5. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Abigdor, Abraham (called also Bonet ben Meshullam ben Solomon)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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  7. ^ "Samson Abramsky". Jewish Lives Project. Jewish Museum London. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  8. ^ Parr, Molly (26 January 2015). "Four Questions with Amir Aczel, Mathematician and Author". Jewish Boston.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Kromberg, Lazar. "Jewish Mathematicians". JewProm. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  10. ^ Doll, Richard (2004). "Adelstein, Abraham Manie [Abe]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74126. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  11. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Afendopolo, Caleb b. Elijah b. Judah". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  12. ^ Gutwirth, Eleazar (2009). "Jewish Bodies and Renaissance Melancholy: Culture and the City in Italy and the Ottoman Empire". In Diemling, Maria; Veltri, Giuseppe (eds.). The Jewish Body: Corporeality, Society, and Identity in the Renaissance and Early Modern Period. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 57–92. ISBN 978-90-04-16718-6.
  13. ^ Koren, Nathan (1973). Jewish Physicians: A Biographical Index. Jerusalem: Israel Universities Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7065-1269-4.
  14. ^ Ferre, Lola (2010). "Albalia, Isaac ben Barukh". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill Publishers.
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  16. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Alcan, Félix". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  17. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Abbas, Samuel Abu Naṣr". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  18. ^ a b c d e Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard (2009). Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany: Individual Fates and Global Impact. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691140414.
  19. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Shimshon Avraham Amitsur.
  20. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Anatolio, Jacob ben Abba Mari ben Simson". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  21. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Aldo Andreotti.
  22. ^ Chang, Kenneth (11 June 2010). "Vladimir Arnold Dies at 72; Pioneering Mathematician". The New York Times.
  23. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Siegfried Heinrich Aronhold.
  24. ^ Wahid, Abu N. M. (2002). Frontiers of Economics: Nobel Laureates of the Twentieth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-313-32073-6.
  25. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Michael Artin.
  26. ^ Sarfatti, Michele (2006). The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution. Translated by Tedeschi, John and Anne C. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-299-21730-3.
  27. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Ascoli, Giulio". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  28. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Guido Ascoli.
  29. ^ "Notes". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 51 (11): 868–873. 1945. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1945-08465-1.
  30. ^ Badge, Peter (20 October 2008). "Prof. Dr. Robert J. Aumann". Nobels: Nobel Laureates photographed by Peter Badge. Wiley. ISBN 978-3-527-40816-0.
  31. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Louis Auslander.
  32. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Maurice Auslander.
  33. ^ Hirsch, Pam (1 March 2009). "Hertha Ayrton". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Brookline, Massachusetts: Jewish Women's Archive.
  34. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Reinhold Baer.
  35. ^ Balas, Edith (2010). Bird in Flight: Memoir of a Survivor and Scholar. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Press. ISBN 978-0887485381.
  36. ^ Strazny, Philip, ed. (2005). "Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Vol. 1. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 124–126. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  37. ^ a b c Katz, Victor (2016). "The Mathematical Cultures of Medieval Europe". History and Pedagogy of Mathematics. Montpellier.
  38. ^ "Ruth Barcan Marcus: Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, 1921–2012". Jewish Women's Archive. 2012.
  39. ^ "Valentine Bargmann". Biographical Memoirs, Vol. 76. National Academy Press. 1999. pp. 37–50. ISBN 978-0-309-06434-7.
  40. ^ Public Domain Gottheil, Richard (1902). "Bashyazi, Moses ben Elijah". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 575.
  41. ^ Bass, Hyman (1999). "A Professional Autobiography". In Lam, Tsit-Yuan; Magid, Andy R. (eds.). Algebra, K-Theory, Groups, and Education: On the Occasion of Hyma Bass's 65th Birthday. Contemporary Mathematics. Vol. 243. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8218-1087-3.
  42. ^ "Laurence Baxter". Jewish Lives Project. Jewish Museum London. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  43. ^ Stonehill, Charles Archibald (1940). The Jewish Contribution to Civilization. p. 23.
  44. ^ a b c d "Jewish Recipients of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  45. ^ Robert S. Roth, ed. (1986). The Bellman Continuum: A Collection of the Works of Richard E. Bellman. World Scientific. ISBN 9789971500900.
  46. ^ Public Domain Gottheil, Richard; Broydé, Isaac (1901–1906). "Kalonymus ben Kalonymus ben Meïr". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  47. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; Schloessinger, Max (1901–1906). "Isaac ben Moses Eli (ha-Sefaradi)". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  48. ^ a b c d e Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Mathematics". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  49. ^ Langermann, Y. Tzvi (2000). "Some Remarks on Judah Ben Solomon Ha-Cohen and his Encyclopedia, Midrash ha-Ḥokhmah". In Harvey, Steven (ed.). The Medieval Hebrew Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 371–389. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9389-2_17. ISBN 978-90-481-5428-9.
  50. ^ Moseley, Caroline (23 November 1998). "Whatever I am now, it happened here". Princeton Weekly Bulletin. Princeton University. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  51. ^ Sven-Erik., Rose (2014). Jewish philosophical politics in Germany, 1789/1848. Waltham, Massachusetts. ISBN 9781611685787. OCLC 890067750.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  52. ^ Mikhail Shifman, ed. (2007). Felix Berezin, The Life and Death of the Mastermind of Supermathematics. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-270-532-7. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  53. ^ Goldman, Marshall I. (2007). Gitelman, Zvi Y.; Ro'i, Yaacov (eds.). "Putin and the Jewish Oligarchs: Prejudice or Politics?". Revolution, Repression, and Revival: The Soviet Jewish Experience. Rowman & Littlefield: 274.
  54. ^ "Jewish Recipients of the IEEE Claude E. Shannon Award in Information Theory". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  55. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Stefan Bergman.
  56. ^ Moore, G. N. (1970–1990). Bernays, Paul Isaac. New York. Bernays came from a distinguished German-Jewish family of scholars and businessmen. His great-grandfather, Isaac ben Jacob Bernays, chief rabbi of Hamburg, was known for both strict Orthodox views and modern educational ideas. His grandfather, Louis Bernays, a merchant, traveled widely before helping to found the Jewish community in Zurich, while his great-uncle, Jacob Bernays, was a Privatdozent at the University of Bonn. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Runes, Dagobert D. (1951). The Hebrew Impact on Western Civilization. New York: Philosophical Library. ISBN 978-1-5040-1296-6.
  58. ^ Fasanelli, F. D. (1987). "Dorothy Lewis Bernstein". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). Women of Mathematics: A Bio-Bibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. pp. 17–20. ISBN 978-0-313-24849-8.
  59. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Felix Bernstein; "Felix Bernstein came from a Jewish family of academics who strongly influenced the direction which his interests took."
  60. ^ "A Refugee at Harvard – Harvard's Scientific Minds: Soviet Researcher Joins the Math Department". The Harvard Crimson. 25 February 1983.
  61. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Sergei Natanovich Bernstein.
  62. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Lipman Bers.
  63. ^ Pinl, Max (1964). "In Memory of Ludwig Berwald" (PDF). Scripta Mathematica. 27 (3): 193–203. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  64. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m James, Ioan M. (2009). Driven to Innovate: A Century of Jewish Mathematicians and Physicists. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-906165-22-2.
  65. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Joan Sylvia Lyttle Birman.
  66. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Zygmunt Wilhelm Birnbaum.
  67. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Max Black.
  68. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, André Bloch.
  69. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Block, Maurice". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  70. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Lenore Blum.
  71. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Ludwig Otto Blumenthal.
  72. ^ Mayer, Paul Yogi (2004). Jews and the Olympic Games: Sport—A Springboard for Minorities. London: Vallentine Mitchell. ISBN 978-0-85303-451-3.
  73. ^ Pontryagin, L. C. (1998). Жизнеописание [Memoirs] (in Russian). Moscow. p. 214.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  74. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Carl Wilhelm Borchardt.
  75. ^ Born, G. V. R. (2002). "The wide-ranging family history of Max Born". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 56 (2): 219–262. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2002.0180. S2CID 72026412.
  76. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Moses Botarel Farissol". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  77. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Salomon Bochner.
  78. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Hermann Bondi.
  79. ^ Ben-Menahem, Ari (2009). Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences. Springer Verlag
  80. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Valentina Mikhailovna Borok.
  81. ^ a b c Rogovoy, Seth (13 March 2015). "The Secret Jewish History of Pi". The Forward.
  82. ^ Atiyah, Michael (2007). "Raoul Harry Bott (24 September 1923 – 20 December 2005)". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 53: 63–76. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0006.
  83. ^ "Soviet dissidents: Another taken" (PDF). Nature. 288 (5788): 206. 20 November 1980. Bibcode:1980Natur.288R.206.. doi:10.1038/288206b0.
  84. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Nikolai Dmetrievich Brashman.
  85. ^ Carmichael, Richard D. (1986). "Alfred Brauer: Teacher, mathematician, and developer of libraries". Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. 102 (3): 88–106.
  86. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Richard Dagobert Brauer.
  87. ^ Karpel, Dalia (18 April 2002). "Oh my love, comely as Jerusalem". Haaretz.
  88. ^ Lord Fisher of Camden (1976). Brodetsky: Leader of the Anglo-Jewish Community. Leeds: Leeds University Press.
  89. ^ Garson, Sue. "Rita Bronowski: godmother to the avant garde". San Diego Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on 27 May 2006.
  90. ^ Lin, Thomas (20 December 2016). "Remembering Felix Browder, A Nonlinear Genius in a Nonlinear World". The New Yorker. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  91. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, William Browder.
  92. ^ Hill, Ted (2017). Pushing Limits: From West Point to Berkeley & Beyond. Providence: American Mathematical Society. p. 242. ISBN 9781470435844. LCCN 2016050916. Leonid was barred from teaching at a regular university in the Soviet Union because of his Jewish ancestry.
  93. ^ a b c d e Morrow, Charlene; Perl, Teri, eds. (1998). Notable Women in Mathematics, a Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29131-9.
  94. ^ Yandell, Benjamin H. (2001). The Honors Class: Hilbert's Problems and Their Solvers. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-5688-1216-8.
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Hersh, Reuben (2010). "Under-Represented Then Over-Represented: A Memoir of Jews in American Mathematics" (PDF). The College Mathematics Journal. 41 (1): 2–9. doi:10.4169/074683410x475065. JSTOR 10.4169/074683410x475065/. S2CID 120020203.
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  97. ^ Tannery, Paul (1934). Mémoires Scientifique 13, Correspondance. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. p. 306. Er ist aber in Kopenhagen geboren, von israelitischen Eltern, die der dortigen portugisischen Judengemeinde. ([His father] was born in Copenhagen of Jewish parents from the local Portuguese-Jewish community.)
  98. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isodore; Chessin, Alexander S. (1901–1906). "Cantor, Moritz". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  99. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Leonard Carlitz.
  100. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Moshe (Ehezkel) Carmeli.
  101. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Emma Castelnuovo.
  102. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Guido Castelnuovo.
  103. ^ Cauer, Emil; Mathis, Wolfgang; Pauli, Rainer (June 2000). Life and Work of Wilhelm Cauer (1900–1945) (PDF). Fourteenth International Symposium of Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems. Perpignan.
  104. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Herman Chernoff.
  105. ^ a b Richard, Preston (2 March 1992). "The Mountains of Pi". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  106. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Paul Joseph Cohen; "Paul Cohen's parents, Abraham and Minnie Cohen, were Jewish immigrants to the United States from their native land of Poland."
  107. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Jacob Willem Cohen.
  108. ^ "Professor Paul Cohn: Mathematician who devoted himself to algebra". The Times. 29 June 2006. p. 64. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  109. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Comtino, Mordecai ben Eliezer". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  110. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Jacob Lionel Bakst Cooper.
  111. ^ Sadosky, Cora, ed. (1990). "Mischa Cotlar: A Biography". Analysis and Partial Differential Equations: A Collection of Papers Dedicated to Mischa Cotlar. Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics. Vol. 122. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-1-138-44182-8.
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  113. ^ Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (23 May 2010). "Mixing Torah and flour". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  114. ^ Cox, D. R. (2004). "Daniels, Henry Ellis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74126. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  115. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, David van Dantzig.
  116. ^ Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, Gerald L.; Reid, Constance, eds. (1990). "George B. Dantzig". More Mathematical People. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 60–79. ISBN 978-0-15-158175-7.
  117. ^ Jackson, Allyn (September 2007). "Interview with Martin Davis" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 55 (5). Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society (published May 2008): 560–571. ISSN 0002-9920. OCLC 1480366.
  118. ^ "Alexander Philip Dawid". Jewish Lives Project. Jewish Museum London. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  119. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bergmann, Birgit; Epple, Moritz; Ungar, Ruti, eds. (2012). Transcending Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German Speaking Academic Culture. Translated by Bernhart, Susanne; von Boeckmann, Staci; Grentz, Nicole; Ross, Stefani. Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-22463-8.
  120. ^ Assaf, David (2010). Untold Tales of the Hasidim: Crisis & Discontent in the History of Hasidism. Translated by Ordan, Dena. Waltham: Brandeis University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-58465-861-0.
  121. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon (YaShaR = Joseph Solomon Rofe)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  122. ^ a b c d e f g h Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael; Rubinstein, Hilary L., eds. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan.
  123. ^ de Bruyn, Dieter; van Heuckelom, Kris (2009). (Un)masking Bruno Schulz: New Combinations, Further Fragmentations, Ultimate Reintegrations. Rodopi. p. 423. ISBN 978-9042026940.
  124. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Nathan Joseph Harry Divinsky.
  125. ^ Eugene, Dynkin (2 June 1989). "Interview with Roland L'vovich Dobrushin" (PDF) (Interview). Ithaca, NY.
  126. ^ Handwerk, Agnes; Willems, Harrie (2007). Wolfgang Doeblin: A mathematician rediscovered. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-71960-1.
  127. ^ Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1970–1990). Domninus of Larissa. New York. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  128. ^ Netz, Reviel (1998). "The First Jewish Scientist?*". Scripta Classica Israelica. 17: 27–33.
  129. ^ a b c d e "Jewish Recipients of the Fields Medal in Mathematics". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  130. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfeld.
  131. ^ Ramsden, Edmund (December 2003). "Social Demography and Eugenics in the Interwar United States". Population and Development Review. 29 (4): 547–593. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00547.x. JSTOR 1519699.
  132. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Aryeh Dvoretzky.
  133. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Eugene Borisovich Dynkin.
  134. ^ Public Domain Gottheil, Richard; Seligsohn, M. (1901–1906). "Eberlen, Abraham ben Judah". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  135. ^ Erbahar, Aksel (2010). Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Ishak Efendi, Hoca. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  136. ^ "Efron to Speak on Baseball, Shakespeare, and Modern Statistical Theory". Joint Mathematics Meetings 2007. American Mathematical Society. 2007.
  137. ^ Sharp, Byron (2014). "Ehrenberg, Andrew Samuel Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/102699. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  138. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa.
  139. ^ Naedele, Walter F. (5 September 2010). "Eliezer 'Leon' Ehrenpreis, 80, rabbi, Temple mathematician". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  140. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Eichenbaum, Jacob". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  141. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Samuel Eilenberg.
  142. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Ferdinand Gotthold Max Eisenstein.
  143. ^ Ellenberg, Jordan [@JSEllenberg] (21 June 2020). "I am Jewish and I truly did not know there were non-Jews out there who don't recognize these as Yiddish words. Fascinating!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  144. ^ "Emanuël Lodewijk Elte". Joods Monument. Amsterdam: Joods Cultureel Kwartier. 16 March 1881.
  145. ^ Stoilow, Simion (1955). David Emmanuel, 1854–1941. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne.
  146. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Federigo Enriques.
  147. ^ "Dr. Bernard Epstein (Obituary)". The Washington Post. 3 April 2005.
  148. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Paul Epstein.
  149. ^ DuMond, Jesse W. M. (1974). "Paul Sophus Epstein" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs. Vol. 45. Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. pp. 127–152. ISBN 978-0-309-02239-2.
  150. ^ "Arthur Erdélyi". Jewish Lives Project. Jewish Museum London. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  151. ^ O'Connor & Robertson, Paul Erdős.
  152. ^ Carroll, Maureen T.; Rykken, Elyn (2018). Geometry: The Line and the Circle. American Mathematical Society. p. 336.
  153. ^ Patai, Raphael (1996). The Jewish Mind. Wayne State University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-8143-2651-X.
  154. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Farkas, Gyula (Julius)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  155. ^ "Jewish Recipients of the Wolf Prize in Physics". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  156. ^ Scott, Leonard; Solomon, Ronald; Thompson, John; Walter, John; Zelmanov, Efim. "Walter Feit (1930–2004)" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 52 (7): 728–735.
  157. ^ Mikolás, Miklós (1970–1980). "Fejér, Lipót". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 561–2. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
  158. ^ Rogosinski, W. W. (1958). "Obituary: Michael Fekete". Journal of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series. 33 (4): 496–500. doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-33.4.496. ISSN 0024-6107. MR 0100535.
  159. ^ Audin, Michèle (2007). "Publier sous l'Occupation I. Autour du cas de Jacques Feldbau et de l'Académie des sciences" (in French). arXiv:0711.0447 [math.HO].
  160. ^ Zubrinic, Darko (2006). "William Feller (1906–1970)". Croatianhistory.net. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  161. ^ Riddle, Larry (2016). "Kate Sperling Fenchel". Biographies of Women Mathematicians. Agnes Scott College.
  162. ^ Kiselman, Christer (2016). "Werner Fenchel: A pioneer in convexity theory" (PDF). p. 13.
  163. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Finzi". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  164. ^ "Dr. Irene Nekhama Fischer". Geni.com. 2018.
  165. ^ a b c Fraenkel, Abraham A. (2016). Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska (ed.). Recollections of a Jewish Mathematician in Germany. Translated by Brown, Allison. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-3-319-30845-6.
  166. ^ Henderson, Andrea K., ed. (2004). "Abraham Adolf Fraenkel" (PDF). Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement. Vol. 23. Detroit: Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-5285-2. The son of Sigmund and Charlotte (Neuberger) Fraenkel, he was strongly influenced by his orthodox Jewish heritage.
  167. ^ Fraenkel, Shaula (2001). "Aviezri Fraenkel: A Brief Biography". The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics. 8 (2). doi:10.37236/1596.
  168. ^ "在日ユダヤ人論序説－ピーター・フランクルを通して考える「日本」－". Livedoor Blog (in Japanese). 31 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
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  535. ^ Przeniosło, Małgorzata (2011). "Powstanie i rozwój warszawskiej szkoły matematycznej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym" [The Origins and Development of the Warsaw School of Mathematics During the Interwar Period]. Przegląd Historyczny (in Polish). 102 (2). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
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Sources

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