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Chaplet of the Divine Mercy

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The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy, also called the Divine Mercy Chaplet, is a Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy,[1] based on the Christological apparitions of Jesus reported by Faustina Kowalska (1905–1938), known as "the Apostle of Mercy".[2][3] She was a Polish religious sister of the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy and canonized as a Catholic saint in 2000.[4]

Kowalska stated that she received the prayer through visions and conversations with Jesus, who made specific promises regarding the recitation of the prayers.[2] Her Vatican biography quotes some of these conversations.[4]

As a Roman Catholic devotion, the chaplet is often said as a rosary-based prayer with the same set of rosary beads used for reciting the Rosary or the Chaplet of Holy Wounds. As an Anglican devotion, the Divine Mercy Society of the Anglican Church states that the chaplet can also be recited on Anglican prayer beads.[5] The chaplet may also be said without beads, usually by counting prayers on the fingertips,[2] and may be accompanied by the veneration of the Divine Mercy image.[6][7]

History

Main article: Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)

Kowalska wrote of the revelations of Jesus about the chaplet in her diary (Diary 474-476) while she was in Vilnius on 13 and 14 September 1935.[8][9] Kowalska recounted a vision in which she saw an angel of divine wrath sent to the earth to punish it for its sins. Kowalska began to pray so that the angel would hold off and the world do penance. She had then a vision of the Holy Trinity and was taken before the Throne of God. Being impressed by its greatness, she did not dare to repeat her prayers. However, she felt a power from Jesus in her soul and heard internally two new prayers: "The Eternal Father" and "For the sake of His sorrowful Passion". As she was moved to pray these prayers, the angel became powerless and unable to perform the punishment.[10][11] The next day, on 14 September 1935, as she entered a chapel, she heard internally Jesus dictating her the same prayers and the structure of a new chaplet based on them.[10][12][13]

Kowalska stated that Jesus asked her to pray this chaplet and instruct others to do so. She learned that the prayers were to be taught to all the people of the world.[14] Although the chaplet is said on beads like the Rosary, it is about a third of the length of the Rosary, and unlike the Rosary that has evolved over the years, the form and structure of the chaplet has remained unchanged since Kowalska attributed it to a message from Jesus.[9][15] According to Kowalska's visions, written in her diary, the chaplet's prayers for mercy are threefold: to obtain mercy, to trust in Christ's mercy, and to show mercy to others.[6][16][17]

Pope John Paul II was instrumental in the formal establishment of the Divine Mercy devotion and acknowledged the efforts of the Marian Fathers in its promotion in a Papal Blessing in 2001, the 70th anniversary of the revelation of the Divine Mercy Message and Devotion. Although the prayers said on the beads of the rosary chain share specific similarities between the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and the Chaplet of Holy Wounds, these are distinct chaplets and were introduced over 20 years apart, one in Poland, the other in France.[18]

Promises

Kowalska wrote that Jesus promised that all who recite this chaplet will receive great mercy during their lifetime and especially at the hour of death. These graces can also be obtained by the dying by whose bedside others will say this prayer. She wrote that Jesus said:

“Whoever will recite it will receive great mercy at the hour of death.” (Diary 687)

"Even if there were a sinner most hardened, if he were to recite this chaplet only once, he would receive grace from My infinite mercy... I desire to grant unimaginable graces to those souls who trust in My mercy.” (Diary 687)

"The souls that say this chaplet will be embraced by My mercy during their lifetime and especially at the hour of their death." (Diary 754)

"I shall treat every soul that says this Chaplet as My glory, and I shall grant it My defence at the hour of death; also those at whose deathbed others say the Chaplet shall be granted the same indulgence. When people say the Chaplet at a dying person’s bedside, God’s anger is placated, and unfathomed mercy embraces the soul » (Diary 811)

“When they say this chaplet in the presence of the dying, I will stand between My Father and the dying person, not as a just Judge but as a merciful Savior.” (Diary 1541)

“When hardened sinners say it, I will fill their souls with peace, and the hour of their death will be a happy one.” (Diary 1541)[19][20]

According to her diary, she sometimes had sudden visions of certain souls dying and she was then asked by Jesus to pray the chaplet in order to obtain for them mercy and be saved through the prayer.

Kowalska also stated that Jesus promised that anything can be obtained with this prayer if it is compatible with his will.

“When they say this Chaplet, it will please Me to grant everything they shall ask for” (Diary 1541)

“Through this chaplet, you will obtain everything, if what you ask for is compatible with My will.” (Diary 1731)[19][20]

Practice

According to Roman Catholic tradition, the chaplet may be said at any time, but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3:00 p.m. The chaplet is prayed daily at the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts and on the National Shrine in Krakow and Vilinus respectively at the shared time.

In the Philippines, the opening portion of the chaplet known as the "3 O'Clock Habit" (Filipino: Panalangin Para Sa Ika-tatlo Ng Hapon) is broadcast on radio stations and television networks[a] daily at 3:00 p.m., beginning June 16, 1985.[21] In 2000, Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter as the Divine Mercy Sunday, where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance. The hour Jesus died by crucifixion, 3:00 p.m., is called the Hour of Mercy. In a novena, the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday.

Chaplet

Prayers

The chaplet contains several unique prayers. The rosary may be used to move through the prayers.

First opening prayer (optional)

The first prayer is prayed on the first large bead where the Our Father is normally prayed and may be used to begin the chaplet:

You expired, Jesus, but the source of life gushed forth for souls, and the ocean of mercy opened up for the whole world. O Fount of Life, unfathomable Divine Mercy, envelop the whole world and empty Yourself out upon us.[22]

Second opening prayer (optional)

The second prayer is O Blood and Water (Polish: O krwi i wodo), also known as conversion prayer. It is repeated three times in succession, while remaining on the first large bead, and may be used along with the first opening prayer to begin the chaplet. Its full text, as reported in the Diary, is:

O Blood and Water, which gushed forth from the Heart of Jesus as a fountain of Mercy for us, I trust in You![22]

It may be regarded as an extension of the ejaculatory prayer Jezu, ufam tobie ("Jesus, I trust in You"), set under the Divine Mercy image (according to Diary 47).

It is given three times in the Diary (84, 187, 309), for the first time under the date of August 2, 1934. Jesus himself promised to Faustina Kowalska: "When you say this prayer, with a contrite heart and with faith on behalf of some sinner, I will give him the grace of conversion" (Diary 186).

This prayer is often said in the Hour of Mercy (3:00 p.m.), when someone has no time for a longer prayer, like the entire Chaplet, because of the duties (as recommended in Diary 1320, 1572). It is also applied in various other situations, especially when someone meets a sinner (as Jesus requires passim in the Diary).

It invokes the Divine Mercy that is given to the humanity from the cross of Jesus. Blood and water from his side pierced by a spear (John 19:34) symbolizes the grace of sacraments: help and forgiveness (cf. Diary 299). This is also the meaning of the red and white ray in the Divine Mercy image.

Eternal Father

The Eternal Father prayer opens each decade of the chaplet and is prayed on the single beads separating the decades where the Our Father is normally prayed:

Eternal Father, I offer you the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Your Dearly Beloved Son, Our Lord, Jesus Christ, in atonement for our sins and those of the whole world.[22]

For the sake of His sorrowful Passion

The "For the sake of His sorrowful Passion" prayer, repeated 10 times in succession, forms the body of each decade of the chaplet, using the beads where the Hail Marys are normally recited:

For the sake of His sorrowful Passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world.[22]

Holy God

The Holy God prayer, repeated three times in succession, concludes the chaplet, recited where the Hail Holy Queen is normally prayed:

Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal One, have mercy on us and on the whole world.[22]

Closing prayer (optional)

The closing prayer is used after the Holy God to end the chaplet:

Eternal God, in whom mercy is endless and the treasury of compassion – inexhaustible, look kindly upon us and increase Your mercy in us, that in difficult moments we might not despair nor become despondent, but with great confidence submit ourselves to Your holy will, which is Love and Mercy itself.[22][23]

Structure

The chaplet is often recited on beads as a rosary-based prayer
The Divine Mercy image devoted with the Chaplet

The chaplet is prayed on ordinary rosary beads that are also used to pray the Dominican Rosary.[22][17]

However, according to the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, the chaplet should not be prayed the same way as an ordinary rosary: the decades should not be interspersed with meditations, intentions or any other prayers. Any intentions or texts are to be meditated upon at the beginning so that the entire prayer is said the way Jesus dictated it.[10]

It is also to be noted that the optional prayers were not in the original dictation. The structure of the chaplet is as follows:[22][17][24][25]

The chaplet is begun on the short strand of the rosary beads:

The praying of the decades then follows, repeating this cycle for each:

To conclude:

In Poland, the second opening prayer is used as a closing prayer instead, followed by Jesus, I trust in you three times, and Saint Faustina, Apostle of Mercy, save us three times.[citation needed]

Novena

The chaplet may be repeated over a period of nine days as part of a novena. According to Kowalska's Diary, Jesus himself in a vision asked that the Divine Mercy Novena be prayed as a preparation for the Feast of the Divine Mercy, celebrated each year on first Sunday after Easter.[26] The novena should begin on Good Friday. There is a prayer intention for specific group of people on each of the nine days. The novena intentions for each day are:[27]

  1. All mankind, in particular, all sinners.
  2. The souls of Catholic priests and religious.
  3. All devout and faithful souls.
  4. Those who do not believe in God and those who do not yet know him.
  5. The souls of those separated from the Catholic Church.
  6. Meek and humble of heart, and children.
  7. People who especially venerate and glorify Christ's mercy.
  8. The souls in Purgatory.
  9. The souls of those who have become lukewarm.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Some radio and television stations (with the exception of ABS-CBN television network and ABS-CBN's DZMM radio station) dropped the practice in 1990s and 2000s, but it is currently[when?] only shown on ABS-CBN's Kapamilya Channel.

References

  1. ^ Roesch, Joe (2014). "Is Divine Mercy for All Christians?". Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception of the B.V.M. Retrieved 27 April 2014. However, all Christians can agree that we are redeemed through the death of Christ on the cross. There is no reason, therefore, why all Christians could not pray the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, since it focuses on our redemption in Christ.
  2. ^ a b c Ann Ball, 2003 "Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices". ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 174
  3. ^ Pope John Paul II. "Homily for Faustina at Vatican website".
  4. ^ a b Vatican Biography of Faustina Kowalska Archived March 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "The Chaplet". The Divine Mercy Society of the Anglican Church. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2014. The Chaplet below is the Universal Anglican Church version and may be recited using either the Universal Anglican Church prayer beads or the Roman Catholic rosary.
  6. ^ a b Tim Drake, 2002, Saints of the Jubilee, Authorhouse ISBN 978-1-4033-1009-5 pages 85-95
  7. ^ Sourcebook for Sundays and Seasons 2008 by D. Todd Williamson 2007 ISBN 1-56854-617-3 page 195
  8. ^ "Chaplet of Divine Mercy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  9. ^ a b A Divine Mercy Resource by Richard Torretto 2010 ISBN 1-4502-3236-1 pages 63-79
  10. ^ a b c "Chaplet of the Divine Mercy | Mercy - Saint Faustina - Diary - Jesus, I trust in You - Congregation". Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  11. ^ Kazimierz Lijka, Nabożeństwo do Miłosierdzia Bożego, „Teologia Praktyczna", 17, 2016, s. 161–177
  12. ^ "Chaplet of Divine Mercy | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  13. ^ "The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  14. ^ Alan Butler and Paul Burns, 2005, Butler's Lives of the Saints, Burns and Oats ISBN 0-86012-383-9 page 251
  15. ^ Catholic Chaplaincy: The Promises of Jesus to Those Who Pray The Chaplet
  16. ^ Catherine M. Odell, 1998, Faustina: Apostle of Divine Mercy OSV Press ISBN 978-0-87973-923-2
  17. ^ a b c "EWTN description of the Chaplet of Divine Mercy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  18. ^ G. P. Geoghegan, 2006, "A Collection of My Favorite Prayers". ISBN 978-1-4116-9457-6
  19. ^ a b "The Divine Mercy Promises". Catholic Exchange. 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  20. ^ a b "14 Amazing Promises Jesus Made to Those Who Pray the Divine Mercy Chaplet". ChurchPOP. 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  21. ^ Divine Mercy in the Philippines
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception of the B.V.M. (2012). Divine Mercy Novena and Chaplet. Stockbridge, Massachusetts: Marian Press. ISBN 978-1-59614-036-3.
  23. ^ St. Faustina Kowalska Diary - Divine Mercy in My Soul - 950
  24. ^ "Divine Mercy Chaplet - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  25. ^ CNA. "Divine Mercy Chaplet". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  26. ^ "Divine Mercy Sunday | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  27. ^ "Chaplet of Divine Mercy | Diocese of Portland". portlanddiocese.org. Retrieved 2022-03-29.

Further reading

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