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In [[Islam]], [[Jesus]] ({{lang-ar|عيسى}} '''''`Īsā''''') is considered a [[rasul|messenger of God]] who had been sent to guide the [[Children of Israel]] (''banī isrā'īl'') with a new scripture, the ''[[Injil|Injīl]]'' (gospel).<ref> [[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]], p.158 </ref> The [[Qur'an]], believed by Muslims to be God's final revelation, states that Jesus was born to [[Islamic view of Mary|Mary]] (Arabic: Maryam) as the result of [[Virgin birth of Jesus|virginal conception]], a miraculous event which occurred by the decree of [[God]] (Arabic: [[Allah]]). To aid him in his quest, Jesus was given the ability to perform [[miracle]]s, all by the permission of God. According to Islamic texts, Jesus was neither killed nor [[Crucifixion|crucified]], but rather he was raised alive up to [[jannah|heaven]]. This makes Jesus the only Muslim prophet to be born of a virgin and one of three who were taken to heaven without dying (the other two being Enoch and Elijah). Islamic traditions narrate that he will return to Earth near the [[Last Judgment|day of judgment]] to restore justice and defeat ''[[Dajjal|al-Masīḥ ad-Dajjāl]]'' (''lit''. "the false messiah", also known as the [[Antichrist]]).<ref name="EoQ"> [[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]], Jesus </ref><ref name="EoI-Isa">"Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam</ref> Like all [[prophets in Islam]], Jesus is considered to have been a [[Muslim]], as he preached for people to adopt the straight path in submission to God's will. Islam rejects that Jesus was God [[incarnate]] or the [[son of God]], stating that he was an ordinary man who, like other prophets, had been divinely chosen to spread God's message. Islamic texts forbid the association of partners with God (''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]''), emphasizing the notion of God's [[tawhid|divine oneness]] (''tawhīd''). Numerous titles are given to Jesus in the Qur'an, such as ''al-Masīḥ'' ("the [[messiah]]; the anointed one" i.e. by means of blessings), although it does not correspond with the meaning accrued in Christian belief. Jesus is seen in Islam as a precursor to [[Muhammad]], and is believed by Muslims to have foretold the latter's coming.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/><ref>Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241</ref> |
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==Life== |
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===Birth=== |
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{{seealso|Maryam (sura)}} |
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Muslims believe in the [[Virgin birth of Jesus|virginal conception]] of Jesus by Mary (ar: ''Maryam''), which is recounted throughout several passages in the Qur'an. According to the Qur'anic narrative, Mary had withdrawn into a temple and was visited by an angel an agent of divine action or communication commonly identified in Islam with the angel [[Gabriel]] (ar: ''Jibreel'') but also with the created spirit from God by which he enlivened Adam.<ref>Griffith, Sidney H. "Holy Spirit ." Encyclopaedia of the Quran</ref><ref>See: |
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* {{Cite quran|19|17|s=ns|q=She placed a screen (to screen herself) from them; then We sent her our angel, and he appeared before her as a man in all respects.}} |
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* "Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam.</ref> He proclaimed to her the conception of Jesus. Mary was startled, for she had vowed her virginity to God and intended to retain it.<ref>{{Quran-usc-range|21|91|s=ns|q=And (remember) her who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples.}}</ref> The angel reassured her, stating that such a conception was easy for God, who wished to make from her a sign (''āya'') to men and a mercy (''raḥma'') from Him.<ref>{{Quran-usc-range|19|19|e=22|s=ns|q=He said: "Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord, (to announce) to thee the gift of a holy son"; She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?"; He said: "So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy from Us':It is a matter (so) decreed."; So she conceived him, and she retired with him to a remote place.}}</ref> The Qur'an describes the conception as the result of a creative decree made by God, similar to the creation of [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]]. Some Qur'anic exegetes describe the event of conception as the angel's breathing into the cloak of Mary; which, upon putting it on, resulted in Jesus being conceived. Afterwards, Mary withdrew "to a distant place."<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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After delivering Jesus, Mary was overtaken by the pangs of childbirth, resting near the trunk of a palm tree. Jesus then addressed her from the cradle, to instruct her to shake the tree and obtain its fruits, and also to allay Mary's fears of a scandal surrounding his conception. She then showed the new-born to her family, and in silencing immodest rumors he declared: "Lo, I am God's servant; God has given me the Book, and made me a Prophet. Blessed he has made me, wherever I may be; and He has enjoined me to pray, and to give alms, so long as I live, and likewise to cherish my mother."<ref name="EoI-Isa"/><ref>{{Quran-usc-range|19|30|e=31|s=ns}}</ref> |
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Other references in [[hadith]] are: |
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:{{Bukhari-usc|4|54|506|s=ref|b=b|q=When any human being is born. Satan touches him at both sides of the body with his two fingers, except Jesus, the son of Mary, whom Satan tried to touch but failed, for he touched the placenta-cover instead.}} |
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According to [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|al-Tabari]], this was due to the prayer of Mary's mother: "I seek refuge in you for her and her progeny from the accursed Satan."<ref>Mahmoud Ayoub (1992), p. 94</ref> |
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===Mission=== |
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[[Image:Yarden 034PAN2.JPG|250px|right|thumbnail|The [[Jordan river]], where some Muslim accounts narrate that Jesus met with [[Yahya ibn Zakariyya]] (otherwise known as [[John the Baptist]]).<ref name="ReferenceA">"Yahya b. Zakariyya", Encyclopedia of Islam.</ref>]] |
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According to Islamic texts, Jesus was divinely chosen to preach the message of [[monotheism]] and submission to the will of God to the [[Children of Israel]] (''banī isrā'īl''). Muslims believe that God [[Direct Revelation|revealed]] to Jesus a new scripture, the ''[[Injil|Injīl]]'' (gospel), while also declaring the truth of the previous revelations - the [[Tawrat]] (Torah) and the [[Zabur]] (Psalms). It is unclear or unknown whether Jesus declared the truth of the other holy book of Islam at that time, the [[Suhuf Ibrahim]]. Written 700 years after Jesus' life on earth, the Qur'an speaks favorably of the ''Injīl'', which it describes as a scripture that fills the hearts of its followers with meekness and pity. Muslims believe that [[Biblical manuscript]]s (both the [[Torah]] and the ''Injīl'') have become [[tahrif|distorted]] over time in text, interpretation, or both.<ref>See: |
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*"Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam. |
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*Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241 |
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*{{Quran-usc-range|5|45|e=49|s=ns}}.</ref> |
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The Qur'an states that Jesus was aided by a group of disciples (''hawāriyūn'') who believed in Jesus' message, and termed themselves the ''ansār'' ("helpers") of God. He was also strengthened by the same [[Holy Spirit (Islam)|holy spirit]] that visited his mother Mary.<ref>See: |
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*{{Quran-usc|2|87|s=ns}}, {{Quran-usc|2|253|s=ns}}, {{Quran-usc|5|110|s=ns}}, cf. Griffith, Sidney H. "Holy Spirit." Encyclopaedia of the Quran |
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*Wherry, Sale (2000) p. 21 |
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*{{Quran-usc|3|52|s=ns|q=When Jesus found Unbelief on their part He said: "Who will be My helpers to (the work of) Allah?" Said the disciples: "We are Allah's helpers: We believe in Allah, and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims.}}, ibid.</ref> Jesus is also depicted in Islam as having been given miracles as evidence of his prophetic mission. Such miracles, all performed by the leave of God, include: speaking while still in the cradle;<ref>{{Quran-usc|19|30|s=ns}}</ref> breathing life into clay models of birds;<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|43|s=ns}}</ref> curing a leper and a life-long blind man;<ref name="Q5110">{{Quran-usc|5|110|s=ns}}</ref> raising the dead;<ref name="Q5110"/> and requesting the descent of a table from heaven upon which was a feast, upon petition of his disciples.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/><ref>{{Quran-usc|5|111|e=114|s=ns}}</ref> Some Muslim accounts also relate that the Islamic prophet [[Yahya ibn Zakariyya]] (known otherwise as [[John the Baptist]]) traveled to [[Palestine]] and met Jesus at the [[Jordan river]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |
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===Ascension=== |
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{{main|Islamic view of Jesus' death}} |
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[[Image:Turkish-islam isa.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Ascension of Jesus in old Turkish painting.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://members.surfeu.at/veitschegger/texte/andere_rel.htm |title= Jesus in den anderen Religionen|accessdate=2008-03-17 |last= Veitschegger |first= Karl |work= }}</ref>]] |
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Islamic texts categorically deny the crucifixion and death of Jesus at the hands of the Jews.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> The Qur'an states that the Jews sought to kill Jesus, but they did not kill nor crucify him, although a likeness of it was shown to them. Instead, he was raised alive unto the heavens:<ref name="EoQ-cross"> Neal Robinson, Crucifixion, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an </ref> {{cquote|{{Quran-usc-range|4|157|e=158|q=That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of God";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- Nay, God raised him up unto the himself; and God is Exalted in Power, Wise.}}}} |
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According to some Muslim traditions, Jesus was replaced by a double; others suggest it was [[Simon of Cyrene]], or one of the disciples such as [[Judas Iscariot]]. Some others view it as Jesus surviving the crucifixion. A minority of commentaries of [[Ismaili]] or rationalist (''falāsifa'') leaning affirmed the crucifixion by arguing that Jesus' body had been crucified, but his spirit had ascended. However, this interpretation was generally rejected, and according to the ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', there was unanimous agreement amongst the scholars in denying the crucifixion.<ref>The Encyclopedia of Islam further elaborates: "The denial, furthermore, is in perfect agreement with the logic of the Qur’an. The Biblical stories reproduced in it (e.g., Job, Moses, Joseph etc.) and the episodes relating to the history of the beginning of Islam demonstrate that it is “God's practice” (sunnat Allah ) to make faith triumph finally over the forces of evil and adversity. “So truly with hardship comes ease”, (XCIV, 5, 6). For Jesus to die on the cross would have meant the triumph of his executioners; but the Quran asserts that they undoubtedly failed: “Assuredly God will defend those who believe”; (XXII, 49). He confounds the plots of the enemies of Christ (III, 54)." (cf. `Isa, ''Encyclopedia of Islam'')</ref> Modern commentators such as M. Hayek interpret the verse to say that the crucifixion "seemed thus to them" [i.e. the Jews].<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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===Second coming=== |
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{{seealso|Second Coming}} |
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Muslims believe that Jesus will return at a time close to the end of the world. One Qur'anic verse alludes to Jesus' future return as follows:<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> {{cquote|{{Quran-usc|43|61|q=And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour), but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way.}}}} |
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According to Islamic tradition, Jesus' descent will be in the midst of wars fought by the [[Mahdi]] (''lit''. "the rightly guided one"), known in [[Islamic eschatology]] as the redeemer of Islam, against the Antichrist (''[[Dajjal|al-Masīh ad-Dajjāl]]'', "false messiah") and his followers.<ref name="S209">Sonn (2004) p. 209</ref> Jesus will descend at the point of a white arcade, east of [[Damascus]], dressed in yellow robes - his head anointed. He will then join the Mahdi in his war against the Dajjal. Jesus, considered in Islam as a Muslim, will abide by the Islamic teachings. Eventually, Jesus will slay the Dajjal, and then everyone from the people of the book (''ahl al-kitāb'', referring to Jews and Christians) will believe in him. Thus, there will be one community, that of Islam.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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After the death of the Mahdi, Jesus will assume leadership. This is a time associated in Islamic narrative with universal peace and justice. Islamic texts also allude to the appearance of [[Gog_and_Magog#Qur.27an|Ya'juj and Ma'juj]] (known also as Gog and Magog), ancient tribes which will disperse and cause destruction on earth. God, in response to Jesus' prayers, will kill them by sending a type of worm in the napes of their necks.<ref name="S209"/> Jesus' rule is said to be around forty years, after which he will die. Muslims will then perform the [[Salat al-Janazah|funeral prayer]] for him and then bury him in the city of Medina in a grave left vacant beside Muhammad, [[Abu Bakr]], and [[Umar]] (companions of Muhammad and the first and second Muslim [[caliph]]s respectively).<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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== In Islamic thought == |
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[[Image:Virgin Mary and Jesus (old Persian miniature).jpg|thumb|right|Mary and Jesus in old Persian Shi'a miniature.]] |
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Jesus is described by various means in the Qur'an. The most common reference to Jesus occurs in the form of "Ibn Maryam" (son of Mary), sometimes preceded with another title. Jesus is also recognised as a prophet (''[[nabi|nabī]]'') and messenger (''[[rasul|rasūl]]'') of God. The terms ''wadjih'' ("worthy of esteem in this world and the next"), ''mubārak'' ("blessed", or "a source of benefit for others"), ''`abd-Allāh'' (servant of God) are all used in the Qur'an in reference to Jesus.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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Another title frequently mentioned is ''al-[[Masih|Masīḥ]]'', which translates to "the [[Messiah]]." This does not correspond to the [[Messiah#Christianity|Christian concept]] of Messiah, as Islam regards all prophets, including Jesus, to be mortal and without any share in divinity. Muslim exegetes explain the use of the word ''masīh'' in the Qur'an as referring to Jesus' status as the one anointed by means of blessings and honors; or as the one who helped cure the sick, by anointing the eyes of the blind, for example.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> Qur'anic verses also employ the term "''kalimatullah''" (meaning the "word of God") as a descriptor of Jesus, which is interpreted as a reference to the creating word of God, uttered at the moment of Jesus' conception;<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|47|s=ns|q=She said: "O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man hath touched me?" He said: "Even so: Allah createth what He willeth: When He hath decreed a plan, He but saith to it, [[Be, and it is|'Be,' and it is]]!}}, cf. Encyclopedia of Islam</ref> or as recognition of Jesus' status as a messenger of God, speaking on God's behalf.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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===Theology=== |
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Islamic texts regard Jesus as a righteous messenger of God, and reject him as being God or the begotten [[Son of God]]. This belief, according to Islam, is tantamount to ''[[shirk (Islam)|shirk]]'', or the association of partners with God; and thereby a rejection of God's divine oneness (''[[tawhid]]'').<ref name=multiple>See: |
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*Esposito (2002) p. 32, 74; |
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*Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241 |
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*Markham and Ruparell (2001) p. 348</ref> A verse from the Qur'an reads: {{cquote|{{quran-usc|5|17|q=In blasphemy indeed are those that say that God is Christ the son of Mary. Say: "Who then hath the least power against God, if His will were to destroy Christ the son of Mary, his mother, and all every - one that is on the earth? For to God belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between. He createth what He pleaseth. For God hath power over all things.}}<ref>cf. Esposito (2002) p. 32</ref>}} |
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The Christian doctrine of the [[Trinity]] is similarly rejected in Islam. Such notions of the divinity of Jesus, Muslims state, resulted from [[tahrif|human interpolations]] of God's revelation.<ref name="multiple" /> Islam views Jesus as an ordinary human being who preached that salvation came through submission to God's will and worshiping God alone. Thus, Jesus is considered in Islam to have been a [[Muslim]], as with all [[prophets in Islam]].<ref>See: |
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*Khalidi (2001) p. 75; |
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*Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241</ref> |
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===Precursor to Muhammad=== |
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Muslims believe that Jesus was a precursor to Muhammad, and that he announced the latter's coming. They base this on a verse of the Qur'an wherein Jesus speaks of a messenger to appear after him named Ahmad.<ref>"And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: {{quran-usc|61|6|q=O Children of Israel! I am the apostle of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad." But when he came to them with Clear Signs, they said, 'this is evident sorcery!'}}</ref> Islam associates Ahmad with Muhammad, both words deriving from the ''[[H-M-D|h-m-d]]'' [[triconsonantal root]] which refers to praiseworthiness. Muslims also assert that evidence of Jesus' pronouncement is present in the [[New Testament]], citing the mention of the [[Paraclete]] whose coming is foretold in the [[Gospel of John]].<ref>Gospel of John: {{bibleverse-nb||John|14:16}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|14:26}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|16:7}}</ref> Muslim commentators claim that the original [[Greek language|Greek]] word used was ''periklutos'', meaning famed, illustrious, or praiseworthy - rendered in Arabic as Ahmad; and that this was substituted by Christians with ''parakletos''.<ref name="EoI-Isa"/><ref>Watt (1991) pp. 33–34</ref> |
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===Ascetic literature=== |
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Jesus is widely venerated in Muslim [[ascetic]] and [[mysticism|mystic]] literature, such as in Muslim mystic [[Al-Ghazzali]]'s ''Ihya `ulum ad-Din'' ("The revival of the religious sciences"). These works lay stress upon Jesus' poverty, his preoccupation with worship, his detachment from worldly life and his miracles. Such depictions also include advice and sermons which are attributed to him. Later [[Sufism|Sufic]] commentaries adapted material from Christian gospels which were consistent with their ascetic portrayal. Sufi philosopher [[Ibn Arabi]] described Jesus as "the seal of universal holiness" due to the quality of his faith and "because he holds in his hands the keys of living breath and because he is at present in a state of deprivation and journeying."<ref name="EoI-Isa"/> |
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<!-- ==Minor beliefs == |
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The quotes attributed to Muhammad ([[Hadith]]) contain additional information about Jesus. |
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*There were no messengers between Jesus and Muhammad.<ref>[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/055.sbt.html#004.055.651 4.55.651]</ref> |
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* Muhammad describes Jesus as he appeared in a dream, and during Muhammad's [[Mi'raj|ascension to Heaven]]. Jesus is medium in height with a red complexion and long, brown hair.<ref>{{Bukhari-usc|4|55|649}}, {{Bukhari-usc|4|55|650}}, and {{Bukhari-usc|4|55|607}}</ref> |
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*On one occasion, when he witnessed a man stealing who denied it by swearing to God, Jesus suspected his own eyes rather than disbelieve the man's oath.<ref>[[Sahih Bukhari]] [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/055.sbt.html#004.055.653 4.55.653]</ref> |
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*In one narration, sins of several prophets are mentioned but nothing is mentioned of Jesus' sins.<ref>[[Sahih Bukhari]] [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/060.sbt.html#006.060.003 6.60.3]</ref> |
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*[[John the baptist#islamic viewpoint|John the Baptist]] was a cousin to Jesus.<ref>[[Sahih Bukhari]] [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/055.sbt.html#004.055.640 4.55.640]</ref> |
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--> |
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==References to Jesus in the Qur'an== |
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; Meccan period |
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The widespread consensus is that the following verses were revealed in Mecca:<ref name="EoQ"/> |
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*{{Quran-usc|19|16|e=40|s=ns}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|19|88|e=95|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|43|57|e=65|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|43|81|e=82|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|23|50|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|21|91|e=93|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|42|13|e=14|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|6|83|e=90|s=ns|q=}} |
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; Medinan period |
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The list of verse belonging revealed in Medina are as follows:<ref name="EoQ"/> |
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*{{Quran-usc|2|87|s=ns}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|2|135|e=141|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|2|252|e=253|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|3|42|e=64|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|3|55|s=ns|q=<small>And when Allah said: O Isa, [Jesus] I am going to terminate the period of your stay (on earth) and cause you to ascend unto Me and purify you of those who disbelieve and make those who follow you above those who disbelieve to the day of resurrection; then to Me shall be your return, so l will decide between you concerning that in which you differed.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|إِذْ قَالَ اللّهُ يَا عِيسَى إِنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَإِلَيَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَجَاعِلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوكَفَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْفَأَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ فِيمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|3|81|e=85|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|33|7|e=8|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|4|155|e=159|s=ns|q=<small>Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened — Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few — <br> And because of their disbelief and of their speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny; <br> And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger — they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain. <br> But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise. <br> There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِم بَآيَاتِ اللّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الأَنْبِيَاءَبِغَيْرِ حَقًّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللّهُ عَلَيْهَابِكُفْرِهِمْفَلاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلاَّ قَلِ<br> وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَبُهْتَاناً عَظِيماً<br> وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَمَرْيَمَرَسُولَ اللّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَـكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّالَّذِينَاخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مَا لَهُم بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلاَّ اتِّبَاعَالظَّنِّوَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينا <br> بَل رَّفَعَهُ اللّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللّهُعَزِيزاً حَكِيماً<br> وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلاَّ لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِوَيَوْمَالْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدا|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|4|163|e=165|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|4|171|s=ns|q=<small>O followers of the Book! [The Bible] do only allah is the person who can control the world no one ealse |
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is sufficient for a Protector.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لاَ تَغْلُواْ فِي دِينِكُمْ وَلاَ تَقُولُواْعَلَى اللّهِ إِلاَّ الْحَقِّ إِنَّمَا الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُاللّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِّنْهُ فَآمِنُواْ بِاللّهِوَرُسُلِهِ وَلاَ تَقُولُواْ ثَلاَثَةٌ انتَهُواْ خَيْراً لَّكُمْ إِنَّمَا اللّهُإِلَـهٌوَاحِدٌ سُبْحَانَهُ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتوَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللّهِ وَكِيل|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|5|17|e=18|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|5|46|e=47|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|5|72|e=78|s=ns|q=<small>Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust. <br/> Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah is the third (person) of the three; and there is no god but the one God, and if they desist not from what they say, a painful chastisement shall befall those among them who disbelieve.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللّهَ هُوَالْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَقَالَ الْمَسِيحُ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اعْبُدُواْاللّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللّهُعَلَيهِالْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ <br> لَّقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ وَمَا مِنْإِلَـهٍ إِلاَّ إِلَـهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِن لَّمْ يَنتَهُواْ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ لَيَمَسَّنَّالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِي|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|5|109|e=118|s=ns|q=<small>And when Allah will say: O Isa son of Marium! [Jesus son of Mary] did you say to men, Take me and my mother for two gods besides Allah he will say: Glory be to Thee, it did not befit me that I should say what I had no right to (say); if I had said it, Thou wouldst indeed have known it; Thou knowest what is in my mind, and I do not know what is in Thy mind, surely Thou art the great Knower of the unseen things.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|وَإِذْ قَالَ اللّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنتَ قُلتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِيوَأُمِّيَ إِلَـهَيْنِ مِن دُونِ اللّهِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْأَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِن كُنتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ تَعْلَمُمَا فِينَفْسِي وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ عَلاَّمُ الْغُيُوب|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|9|30|e=31|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|19|27|e=29|s=ns|q=<small>Then she brought him to her own folk, carrying him. They said: O Mary! Thou hast come with an amazing thing. <br> O sister of Aaron! Thy father was not a wicked man nor was thy mother a harlot. <br> Then she pointed to him. They said: How can we talk to one who is in the cradle, a young boy? <br> He spake: Lo! I am the slave of Allah. He hath given me the Scripture and hath appointed me a Prophet, <br> And hath made me blessed wheresoever I may be, and hath enjoined upon me prayer and almsgiving so long as I remain alive, <br> And (hath made me) dutiful toward her who bore me, and hath not made me arrogant, unblest. <br> Peace on me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive! <br> Such was Jesus, son of Mary: (this is) a statement of the truth concerning which they doubt. <br> It befitteth not (the Majesty of) Allah that He should take unto Himself a son. Glory be to Him! When He decreeth a thing, He saith unto it only: Be! and it is. <br> And lo! Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So serve Him. That is the right path. <br> The sects among them differ: but woe unto the disbelievers from the meeting of an awful Day. <br> See and hear them on the Day they come unto Us! yet the evil-doers are today in error manifest. <br> And warn them of the Day of anguish when the case hath been decided. Now they are in a state of carelessness, and they believe not.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar| فَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئاًفَرِيّاً <br> يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْأُمُّكِ بَغِيّاً <br> فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ قَالُوا كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَفِيالْمَهْدِ صَبِيّاً <br> قَالَ إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلَنِينَبِيّاً <br>وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكاً أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُ وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِوَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيّاً <br> وَبَرّاً بِوَالِدَتِي وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِيجَبَّاراً شَقِيّاً <br> وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدتُّ وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُوَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيّاً <br> ذَلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّالَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ <br> مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ مِن وَلَدٍ سُبْحَانَهُإِذَا قَضَى أَمْراً فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ <br> وَإِنَّ اللَّهَرَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْفَاعْبُدُوهُ هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ <br> فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنبَيْنِهِمْ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن مَّشْهَدِ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ <br> أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْوَأَبْصِرْ يَوْمَ يَأْتُونَنَا لَكِنِ الظَّالِمُونَ الْيَوْمَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ <br> وَأَنذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍوَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|61|6|s=ns|q=<small>And when Isa son of Marium [Jesus son of Mary] said: O children of Israel! surely I am the apostle of Allah to you, verifying that which is before me of the Taurat and giving the good news of an Apostle who will come after me, his name being [[w:Ahmad (name)|Ahmad]] [Muhammad], but when he came to them with clear arguments they said: This is clear magic.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|وَإِذْ قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِإِلَيْكُم مُّصَدِّقاًلِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَمُبَشِّراً بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنبَعْدِي اسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ فَلَمَّاجَاءهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ قَالُوا هَذَا سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ|rtl}}</small>}} |
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*{{Quran-usc|61|14|s=ns|q=}} |
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*{{columns|colwidth=48%|col1={{Quran-usc|112|1|e=4|s=ns|q=<small>Say: He, Allah, is One. <br/> Allah is He on Whom all depend. <br/> He begets not, nor is He begotten. <br/> And none is like Him.</small>}}|col2=<small>[[s:ar:أَلْقُرآن أَلْكَرِيم|Original]]: {{lang|ar|بِسْمِ اللهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ<br> قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ<br> اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ<br> لَمْ يَلِدْوَلَمْ يُولَدْ<br> وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ|rtl}}</small>}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Peace In Islamic Thought]] |
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*[[The Messiah (Iranian film)]] |
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*[[Sacrifice#Sacrifice in Islam|Sacrifice in Islam]] |
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*[[Islamic eschatology]] |
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*[[Historicity of Jesus]] |
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*[[Ebionites#History|Ebionites]] |
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*[[Infancy Gospel of Thomas]] |
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*[[Historical Jesus]] |
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*[[Biblical narratives and the Qur'an]] |
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*[[Christianity and Islam]] |
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*[[Nontrinitarianism]] |
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*[[Unitarianism]] |
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*[[Muslim Jesus by Rassool Auckbaraullee]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==References== |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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* {{cite encyclopedia |article = `Īsā| author= Anawati, G. C.| editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISSN 1573-3912}} |
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* {{cite book | author=Ayoub, Mahmoud| title=The Qur'an and Its Interpreters| publisher=State University of New York Press US| year=1992 | isbn=0791409937}} |
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* {{cite book | author=Esposito, J. L.| authorlink = John Esposito| title=What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam| publisher=Oxford University Press US| year=2002 | isbn=0-19-515713-3}} |
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* {{cite book | author= Fasching, D. J.; deChant, D. | title=Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach | publisher=Blackwell Publishing | year=2001 | isbn=0631201254}} |
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* {{cite book | author=Khalidi, T.| title=The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature| publisher=Harvard University Press| year=2001 | isbn=0674004779}} |
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* {{cite book | author= Markham, I. S.; Ruparell, T. | title=Encountering Religion: An Introduction to the Religions of the World | publisher=Blackwell Publishing | year=2001 | isbn=0631206744}} |
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*{{cite encyclopedia |article = Yahya b. Zakariya| author= Rippin, A.| editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISSN 1573-3912}} |
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* {{cite book | last=Sonn | first=Tamarra | title=A Brief History of Islam | publisher=Blackwell Publishing | year=2004 | isbn=1405121742}} |
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* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. M. | title=Muslim-Christian Encounters: Perceptions and Misperceptions | publisher=Routledge | year=1991 | isbn=0415054109}} |
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* {{cite book | author= Wherry, E. M.; Sale, G. | title=A Comprehensive Commentary on the Qurán: Comprising Sale's Translation and Preliminary Discourse (vol. II) | publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | isbn=0415231884}} |
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* {{cite book | author= Tarif Khalidi | title=The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature | publisher=Harvard University Press | year=2003 | isbn=0674011155}} |
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*Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2006). "'[[folk etymology|Etymythological]] [[Othering]]' and the Power of 'Lexical Engineering' in [[Judaism]], [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]]. A Socio-Philo(sopho)logical Perspective", ''Explorations in the Sociology of [[Language]] and [[Religion]]'', edited by Tope Omoniyi and Joshua A. Fishman, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 237–258. ISBN 90 272 2710 1 |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Jesus in Islam}} |
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*[http://www.uga.edu/islam/jesusdif.html Jesus: A Summary of the Points About Which Islam and Christianity Agree and Disagree] Dr. Alan Godlas, University of Georgia. |
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*[http://www.islam101.com/history/people/prophets/jesus/index.htm Jesus,Son of Mary - A Messenger of Allah] |
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*[http://sultan.org/articles/Jesus.html The Truth About Jesus]- by Maneh Al-Johani |
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*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5664653194971017112&q=jesus&ei=MlSXSNS9NITm2QLzzLTOBA&hl=en The Muslim Jesus (Google video)] - This ITV documentary portrays Jesus as Muslims see him. |
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*[http://www.ebionim.org/history.shtml Historical references supporting Islamic view of Jesus in pre-Pauline Christianity]- ebionim.org |
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*[http://www.booksie.com/religion_and_spirituality//rassool_auckbaraullee/the-muslm-jesus] |
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{{Prophets in the Qur'an}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jesus In Islam}} |
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[[Category:Perspectives on Jesus|Islam]] |
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[[Category:Muslim views]] |
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[[Category:Prophets in Islam]] |
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[[ar:المسيح عيسى بن مريم]] |
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[[de:Isa ibn Maryam]] |
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[[dv:އީސާގެފާނު]] |
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[[eo:Isa bin Marjam]] |
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[[fr:Îsâ]] |
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[[id:Isa]] |
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[[ia:Vista islamic de Jesus]] |
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[[it:Gesù nell'Islam]] |
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[[he:עיסא]] |
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[[sw:Isa]] |
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[[lv:Jēzus islāmā]] |
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[[ms:Nabi Isa a.s.]] |
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[[nl:Isa]] |
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[[ja:イスラームにおけるイーサー]] |
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[[no:Isa]] |
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[[pl:Isa (Jezus)]] |
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[[pt:Isa (profeta)]] |
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[[ru:Иисус в исламе]] |
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[[sr:Иса]] |
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[[fi:Jeesus islaminuskossa]] |
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[[te:ఇస్లాం క్రైస్తవ మతాల మధ్య సంబంధాలు]] |
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[[tr:İslam'da İsa]] |
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[[ur:عیسیٰ علیہ السلام]] |
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[[zh:伊斯兰教中的耶稣]] |
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Revision as of 22:18, 5 August 2009
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