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Christ Child

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This article is about the historical and religious figure. For the Christmas gift-bringer he inspired, see Christkind.
"Baby Jesus" redirects here. For the rapper formerly known as "Baby Jesus", see DaBaby.
Statue of the Infant Jesus of Prague, given by Princess Polyxena of Lobkowicz to the Discalced Carmelites in 1628

The Christ Child—also known as Baby Jesus, Infant Jesus, Child Jesus, Divine Child, Divine Infant and the Holy Child—refers to Jesus Christ during his early years. The term refers to a period of Jesus' life, described in the canonical Gospels, encompassing his nativity in Bethlehem, the visit of the Magi, and his presentation at the Temple in Jerusalem. It also includes his childhood, culminating in the event where his parents find him in the Temple at age 12, after which the Gospels remain silent about his life until the start of his ministry.

Liturgical feasts

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Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic of the Mother of God enthroned with the Child, surrounded by four angels

Liturgical feasts relating to Christ's infancy and childhood include:

Depictions in art

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Saint Anthony of Padua adoring the Christ Child. Oil on canvas, 1622, Antonio de Pereda

From about the third or fourth century onwards, the child Jesus is frequently shown in paintings, and sculpture. Commonly these are nativity scenes showing the birth of Jesus, with his mother Mary, and her husband Joseph.

Depictions as a baby with the Virgin Mary, known as Madonna and Child, are iconographical types in Eastern and Western traditions. Other scenes from his time as a baby, of his circumcision, presentation at the temple, the adoration of the Magi, and the flight into Egypt, are common.[1] Scenes showing his developing years are more rare but not unknown.

Saint Joseph, Anthony of Padua, and Saint Christopher are often depicted holding the Christ Child. The Christian mystics Ss. Teresa of Ávila, Thérèse of Lisieux, along with the devotees of the Divino Niño such as Mother Angelica and Giovanni Rizzo claim to have had apparitions of the Infant Jesus.

Madonna with the Christ Child Writing, Pinturicchio c. 1500

During the Middle Ages

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The Christ Child was a popular subject in European wood sculpture beginning in the 1300s.[2]

The Christ Child was well known in Spain under the title montañesino after the santero sculptor Juan Martínez Montañés began the trend. These icons of the Christ Child were often posed in the contrapposto style in which the positioning of the knees reflected in the opposite direction,[3] similar to ancient depictions of the Roman Emperor.

The images were quite popular among nobility of Spain and Portugal. Colonial images of the Christ child also began to wear vestments, a pious practice developed by the santero culture in later colonial years, carrying the depiction of holding the globus cruciger, a bird symbolizing a soul or the Holy Spirit, or various paraphernalia related to its locality or region.

The symbolism of the Christ Child in art reached its apex during the Renaissance: the Holy Family was a central theme in the works of Leonardo da Vinci and many other masters.[4]

Apocrypha

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Some Biblical apocrypha contain the Infancy Gospels provide accounts of the birth and early life of Jesus. These are sometimes depicted. These stories were intended to show Jesus as having extraordinary gifts of power and knowledge, even from a young age. A common tale has the young Jesus animating sparrows out of clay belonging to his playmates. When admonished for doing so on the Sabbath, as in later life, he makes the birds fly away.[5]

Devotional images

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Further information: Infant Jesus of Mechelen

Several historically significant images of the Christ Child have been canonically crowned, namely the Bambino Gesu of Arenzano and the Santo Bambino of Aracoeli (both in Italy), the Infant Jesus of Prague (Czech Republic), and the Santo Niño de Cebú (Philippines).

In the 17th century, French Carmelites promoted veneration of the "Little King of Beaune".[6] In the late 19th century, a devotion to the "Holy Child of Remedy" developed in Madrid.[7]

Music

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Jesus animating the clay bird toys of his playmates, Germania, 14th century

Tàladh Chrìosda ("Christ Child Lullaby") is a Scottish carol from Moidart, Scotland. The Catholic priest Ranald Rankin, wrote the lyrics for Midnight Mass around the year 1855. He originally wrote 29 verses in Scottish Gaelic, but the popular English translation is limited to five. The melody, Cumha Mhic Arois ("Lament for Mac Àrois"), is from the Hebrides and was a sung as a protective charm for the fisherman away at sea. The rhythm mirrors the rhythm of the surf. It is sung in the Hebrides at Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve.

Archconfraternity of the Holy Infancy

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On 1636, a Discalced Carmelite nun, Venerable Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament, founded the Association of the Child Jesus in Beaune, France, in honour of the divine infancy. Later, the Bishop of Autun canonically established the Confraternity of the Holy Infancy. On 1639 a chapel was built in the Carmel of Beaune, dedicated to the Infant Jesus.[8] Gaston Jean Baptiste de Renty donated a statue which came to be referred to the "Little King of Grace".[1] He then introduced Jean-Jacques Olier, founder of the Sulpicians, to Sister Margaret.[9] Olier then established the devotion to the Holy Infant at Saint-Sulpice, Paris. François Fénelon, who was then a priest at Saint-Sulpice, composed litanies of the Infant Jesus. Pope Alexander VII approved the Confraternity in January 1661; Pius IX made it an archconfraternity in 1855.[10]

Christ Child Society

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The Christ Child Society was founded in 1885 in Washington, D.C., by Mary Virginia Merrick,[11] as a small relief organization to aid local underprivileged children. Additional chapters were started in other cities.[12]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ferguson, George. Signs & symbols in Christian art, 1966, Oxford University Press US, p.76
  2. ^ "Christ Child", The J.Paul Getty Museum
  3. ^ "Contrapposto". Archived from the original on 16 April 2015.
  4. ^ "Holy Family", Encyclopædia Britannica Online
  5. ^ "Roten, J. and Janssen, T., "Jesus as a Child"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  6. ^ Descouvemont, Pierre., Therese and Lisieux, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996 ISBN 9780802838360
  7. ^ "Brief History of the Holy Child of Remedy", Friends of Anne of St. Bartolomew
  8. ^ Barthold Mulleady, OCD, Devotion to the Infant Jesus in American Ecclesiastical Review, Volume 57, 1917, p. 600 et seq.
  9. ^ The life of the baron de Renty, (Edward Healy Thompson, ed.), Burns & Oates, 1873, p. 8
  10. ^ Thompson, Edward Healy. The Life of Jean-Jacques Olier, Burns & Oates, p. 391
  11. ^ Christ Child Society
  12. ^ Barga, Michael. "Christ Child Society", Social Welfare History Project, Virginia Commonwealth University
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