Jeanne de Laval

For the mistress of Henry III of France, see Jeanne de Laval (1549–1586).

Jeanne de Laval
Jeanne de Laval in the Burning Bush triptych by Nicholas Froment
Queen consort of Naples and Sicily Duchess consort of Anjou
Tenure	10 September 1454 – 10 July 1480
Born	10 November 1433 Auray, Brittany, France
Died	19 December 1498 Chateau de Beaufort-en-Vallée, Maine-et-Loire
Spouse	René of Anjou
House	Laval
Father	Guy XIV de Laval, Count of Laval
Mother	Isabella of Brittany

Jeanne de Laval (10 November 1433 – 19 December 1498), was the second wife and titular Queen consort of René I of Anjou, King of Naples, Sicily, titular King of Jerusalem, Aragon, and Majorca; Duke of Anjou, Bar, and Lorraine; and Count of Provence and Piedmont.

Early life

Combined coat of arms of Jeanne and her husband René of Naples. Marble with traces of polychromy, from the base of the Bearing of the Cross altarpiece in Saint-Didier at Avignon.

Jeanne was born on 10 November 1433 at Auray, Brittany, the daughter of Guy XIV de Laval, Count of Laval and Isabella of Brittany. Her paternal grandparents were Jean de Montfort (who following the dispositions in his marriage contract took the name and arms of the Laval family, assuming the name to Guy XIII of Laval) and Anne de Laval (daughter and heiress of Guy XII de Laval), and her maternal grandparents were John V, Duke of Brittany, and Jeanne of France (daughter of King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria).

Her father Guy fought with Joan of Arc. His eldest son Francis de Laval, a Grand Master of France, would succeed him as Guy XV, Count of Laval. He had another two sons by his first wife Isabelle, Pierre de Laval and Jean de Laval. Including Jeanne, he had a total of seven daughters, two of them died in early infancy. By his second wife, Françoise de Dinan, he had three sons.

Marriage

Portrait of René of Anjou and Jeanne de Laval, by Nicolas Froment.

A marriage contract was drawn up on 3 September 1454 between Jeanne's father and King René of Naples and Sicily. The wedding was celebrated on 10 September 1454, at the Abbey of St. Nicholas in Angers. At the age of twenty-one Jeanne married René, whose first wife, Isabella of Lorraine, had died the previous year. Jeanne's husband was more than twenty years her senior. The marriage, however, was happy. Jeanne, who was sweet and affectionate, seems to have been much loved by her husband. She became stepmother to René's children, who included the future John II, Duke of Lorraine, Margaret of Anjou, and Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine. Jeanne's marriage to René was childless.

After living three years in the surrounding mansions of Angers and Saumur, the king and queen lived in Provence in 1457 to 1462, in Anjou from 1462 to 1469. In Aix-en-Provence, Angers, she participated with her husband in literary and scholarly pursuits at his court.

René composed a 10,000 verse ode to Jeanne entitled, "The Idyl of Regnault and Jeanneton". The poem was a debate on love between a shepherd and shepherdess with a pilgrim as arbiter. However, it sometimes seems to contain a good dose of conventional fiction. During his stay at Tarascon in Provence, René granted Jeanne the barony of Les Baux, which belonged to the Counts of Provence. She exchanged it on 18 February 1475 at Aix-en-Provence for Berre. She continued to live in Provence from 1469 to 1480.

Later life

Detail of the Burning Bush triptych, which shows Jeanne de Laval and René I of Anjou.

René died on 10 July 1480. In his will, he bequeathed his wife a very large income in Anjou, Provence, and the Barrois. She also retained the County of Beaufort and the lordship of Mirebeau (exchanged with the baronies of Aubagne and Provence). After her husband's death, she sometimes lived in Beaufort and sometimes in Saumur. She was popular for her kindness and generosity. The people of Beaufort were grateful to her when she regulated the use of common pastures. Jeanne died on 19 December 1498 at the Chateau de Beaufort-en-Vallée, Maine-et-Loire. She was sixty-five years of age. A street still bears her name, "Queen of Sicily." By her will, she wished to be buried simply, without any monument, in the cathedral of Angers. Her heart was placed in the Cordeliers d'Angers, alongside that of her husband.

Jeanne and the arts

Jeanne and her husband René appears in the triptych of the Burning Bush of the cathedral of Aix-en-Provence, painted by Nicolas Froment, and a painting in the museum of Cluny, where she is represented with King René listening to the preaching of Sainte-Madeleine. Jeanne used the Burning Bush triptych to illuminate a psalter (ms. 41 of the Public Library of Poitiers). The Cabinet of medals of the National Library of France has two medals, the 'King René and Queen Jeanne dating from 1462. It consists of a miniature of Jeanne, surrounded by her ladies, in the manuscript of the French version of the Pilgrimage of Life (in the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal). Monuments to Jeanne have been raised in Beaufort (1842), Rosiers-d'Égletons (1875), and Tarascon. A statue of Jeanne can be seen in the "Public Garden" in the Noisay village in Indre-et-Loire.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Jeanne de Laval

16. Raoul VIII de Montfort 8. Raoul IX de Montfort 17. Isabeau de la Roche-Bernard 4. Jean de Montfort 18. Jean de Kergorlay 9. Jeanne de Kergorlay 19. Marie de Léon 2. Guy XIV de Laval 20. Guy X de Laval 10. Guy XII de Laval 21. Beatrice of Brittany 5. Anne de Laval 22. Jean de Laval-Châtillon 11. Jeanne de Laval-Tinténiac 23. Isabeau de Tinténiac 1. Jeanne de Laval 24. John of Montfort 12. John IV, Duke of Brittany 25. Joanna of Flanders 6. John V, Duke of Brittany 26. Charles II of Navarre 13. Joan of Navarre 27. Joan of Valois 3. Isabella of Brittany 28. Charles V of France 14. Charles VI of France 29. Joanna of Bourbon 7. Joan of France 30. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria 15. Isabeau of Bavaria 31. Taddea Visconti

Sources

• Accounts of John Legay, fundraiser for the Queen of Sicily, the manuscript of the library of Angers, published in the History Anjou in 1900.
• King Lecoy by René de la Marche.
• Conduct of King René J. Levron.
• Histoire de Charles VII by Vallet of Viriville.
• Queen Jeanne. Jeanne de Laval. Second wife of King René.Pierre Le Roy. Regional editions of the West.