Jason and the Argonauts (1963 film)

Jason and the Argonauts
Theatrical release film poster by Howard Terpning
Directed by	Don Chaffey
Written by	Beverley Cross
Produced by	Charles H. Schneer
Starring	Todd Armstrong Nancy Kovack Honor Blackman Gary Raymond
Cinematography	Wilkie Cooper
Edited by	Maurice Rootes
Music by	Bernard Herrmann
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	June 19, 1963
Running time	104 minutes
Countries	United States United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	$1 million

Jason and the Argonauts is a 1963 Columbia Pictures fantasy feature film starring Todd Armstrong as the titular mythical Greek hero in a story about his quest for the Golden Fleece. Directed by Don Chaffey in collaboration with stop motion animation expert Ray Harryhausen, the film is noted for its stop-motion creatures, and particularly the iconic fight with the skeletons. The score was composed by Bernard Herrmann, who also worked on other fantasy films with Harryhausen, such as Mysterious Island and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad. The working title was Jason and the Golden Fleece.

Plot

Archie Atherton(Douglas Wilmer), under the protection of the god Zeus (Niall MacGinnis), usurps the throne of Thessaly by storming the palace of King Aristo and killing him; but learns a prophecy that he will be overthrown by a child of Aristo wearing one sandal. Pelias later angers the goddess Hera (Honor Blackman) by killing one of Aristo's daughters, Briseis (Davina Taylor), despite having her protection and while praying in her temple.

Twenty years later, Jason (Todd Armstrong), Aristo's son grown to manhood, saves Pelias from drowning during a chance encounter, but loses a sandal in the river so Pelias recognises him. Upon learning that Jason means to obtain the legendary Golden Fleece, Pelias encourages him, hoping he will be killed in the attempt. Men from all over Greece compete for the honor of joining Jason; men who, because their ship is named the Argo after its builders Argos (Laurence Naismith) and his helper, the goddess Athena, are dubbed the Argonauts. Among those chosen are Hercules (Nigel Green) and Hylas (John Cairney). Acastus (Gary Raymond), the son of Pelias, is sent by his father to sabotage the voyage.

Jason is taken to Mount Olympus by the god Hermes (Michael Gwynn) to speak with Zeus and Hera. The goddess tells him that she wishes him well, but adds, as decreed by Zeus, he can only call upon her aid three times. She directs him to search for the Fleece in the land of Colchis.

On the first occasion of summoning Hera's help, she guides Jason to the Isle of Bronze and warns him to take nothing but provisions; but exploring the island, Hercules steals a brooch pin the size of a javelin from a treasure chamber surmounted by a statue of Talos, which comes to life and attacks the Argo. Jason again turns to Hera, who guides him to open a cylindrical plug on the back of Talos's heel, releasing the latter's vital ichor. Defeated, Talos falls to the ground, crushing Hylas; whereupon Hercules refuses to leave until he ascertains the latter's death. The other Argonauts refuse to abandon Hercules, so that Jason calls on Hera again. She confirms that Hylas is dead and that Hercules is not to continue with the others, and directs them to seek the blind soothsayer Phineas (Patrick Troughton), whom they find tormented by two Harpies sent by Zeus to punish him for misusing his gift of prophecy; these winged females would steal Phineas' food leaving him only scraps that smell bad. In return for imprisoning the Harpies, Phineas gives Jason directions and presents him with an amulet. To reach Colchis, they must sail between the Clashing Rocks which come together and crushes any ship that attempts to pass them. When Jason undertakes rowing through these dark rocks, his ship becomes trapped in the violent sea. In despair, Jason calls upon the end of the gods and throws Phineas' gift into the water; whereupon the god Triton rises from sea foam and holds the rocks in place long enough for the Argo to pass. They pick up three survivors of another ship, among them Medea (Nancy Kovack).

At Colchis, Acastus and Jason disagree on how to approach the King of Colchis, and eventually fight. Disarmed, Acastus jumps into the sea to escape. Believing him dead, Jason and his men accept an invitation from King Aeëtes (Jack Gwillim) to a feast, where they are captured and imprisoned. Thereafter Medea, enamoured of Jason, helps he and his men escape.

Acastus tries to steal the Fleece himself, but is fatally wounded by its guardian Hydra, whom Jason kills to take the Fleece. Aeëtes, in pursuit, sows the Hydra's teeth, producing a skeletal warrior from each. When Medea is wounded in the resulting battle, Jason uses the fleece to heal her, then orders Argonauts to take her to the ship, while he and two of his men fight off the skeletons. When his two companions are slain, Jason escapes to the ship; whereafter he, Medea, and the surviving Argonauts begin the return to Thessaly. In Olympus Zeus tells Hera that in due time he will call upon Jason again.

Cast

In credits order.

• Todd Armstrong as Jason
• Nancy Kovack as Medea
• Gary Raymond as Acastus
• Laurence Naismith as Argos
• Niall MacGinnis as Zeus
• Michael Gwynn as Hermes
• Douglas Wilmer as Pelias
• Jack Gwillim as King Aeëtes
• Honor Blackman as Hera
• John Cairney as Hylas
• Patrick Troughton as Phineus
• Andrew Faulds as Phalerus
• Nigel Green as Hercules
• Ennio Antonelli as Dmitrius (uncredited)
• John Crawford as Polydeuces (uncredited)
• Aldo Cristiani as Lynceus (uncredited)
• Ferdinando Poggi as Castor (uncredited)
• Davina Taylor as Briseis (uncredited)

Musical score

This is one of many mythically-themed fantasy films scored by Bernard Herrmann. Apart from being the composer's fourth collaboration with Ray Harryhausen (The 7th Voyage of Sinbad, The Three Worlds of Gulliver and Mysterious Island, made in 1958, 1960, and 1961 respectively), Herrmann also wrote the music to Journey to the Center of the Earth.

Unlike Psycho (another Bernard Herrmann piece), where the music consists of strings only, the soundtrack to Jason and the Argonauts was made without a string section. This leaves the brass and percussion to perform the heroic fanfares, and the woodwinds along with additional instruments (such as the harp) to dominate in the more subtle and romantic parts.

In 1995, Intrada released a re-recording of the original score. The new version was conducted by American composer/conductor Bruce Broughton, and performed by the Sinfonia of London.

Differences from classical mythology

The film differs from the traditional telling in Greek mythology in several ways. In mythology, the Argonauts encountered Talos on their return journey after they had obtained the Golden Fleece. He was defeated not by Jason, but by Medea casting a spell on Talos, causing him to remove the bronze nail from his ankle which kept the ichor inside. The mythological Talos guarded Crete, not the Isle of Bronze, and was protecting not a treasure, but Queen Europa.

The harpies were not caught in a net or caged, but were chased away by the Boreads: Calaïs and Zetes (also Zethes) Upon doing so, the goddess Iris promised the Harpies would not bother Phineas anymore. Phineas told the Argonauts how to get through the clashing rocks by releasing a dove to fly through them and following it, whereas in the film he gives Jason an amulet. Yet in Homer's Odyssey, Circe tells Odysseus, "One ship alone, one deep-sea craft sailed clear, the Argo, sung by the world, when heading home from Aeetes' shores. And she would have crashed against those giant rocks and sunk at once if Hera, for her love of Jason, had not sped her through."

Jason was not betrayed by Acastus in the classical tale. Jason openly told King Aeëtes that he had come for the Fleece. The king promised Jason could have it if he performed three tasks, knowing full well they were impossible. However Jason was able to complete the tasks with the help of Medea. It was Jason himself who sowed the dragon's teeth in the ground, not Aeëtes. Jason defeated the skeleton army by making then fight amongst themselves, and destroy each other, rather than the Argonauts battling them.

Medea killing her own brother, Absyrtus, to help Jason and the Argonauts escape is omitted from the film, as are the episodes with Cyzicus and the Gegeines and the Argonauts' stay on the isle of Lemnos.

Legacy

In April 2004, Empire magazine ranked Talos as the second best film monster of all time, after King Kong.

Ray Harryhausen regards this as his best film. Previous Harryhausen films had been generally shown as part of double features in "B" theatres. Columbia was able to book this film as a single feature in many "A" theatres in the United States. The skeletons' shields are adorned with designs of other Harryhausen creatures, including an octopus and the head of the Ymir from 20 Million Miles to Earth.

The film was nominated for AFI's Top 10 Fantasy Films list. It currently holds a 96% fresh rating on film review site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 26 reviews.

Release

Columbia released the movie on Blu-ray Disc (regions A, B and C) on 6 July 2010. The disc's special features include two new audio commentaries, one by Peter Jackson and Randall William Cook, the other by Harryhausen in conversation with his biographer Tony Dalton.

See also

• Jason and the Argonauts (TV miniseries)
• List of stop-motion films
• Sword and sandal
• List of historical drama films
• Greek mythology in popular culture

External links

• Jason and the Argonauts at IMDb
• Jason and the Argonauts at AllMovie
• Jason and the Argonauts at the TCM Movie Database
• Jason and the Argonauts at Rotten Tomatoes