Jump to content

Foreign relations of Ireland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Coat of arms of Ireland
Constitution
Presidency
President
Michael D. Higgins
Government
Cabinet
Oireachtas
Courts
Elections
General
Presidential
Local
European
Administrative geography
Foreign relations

The foreign relations of Ireland are substantially influenced by its membership of the European Union, although bilateral relations with the United States and United Kingdom are also important. It is one of the group of smaller nations in the EU and has traditionally followed a non-aligned foreign policy. Ireland has historically tended towards independence in foreign military policy, thus it is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and has a longstanding policy of military neutrality.

Main relationships

[edit]

Ireland was not invited to join the United Nations when it was formed in 1945. Both Washington and London were opposed because of Ireland's neutrality during the war. Ireland applied in 1946 and the US and UK voted approval, but the Soviet Union vetoed it. Ireland was finally admitted to the UN in 1955.[1] It joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973; it is now known as the European Union (EU). In 1974 it began the Irish Aid programme to provide assistance to developing countries. In 1991 it established the Irish Institute of International and European Affairs to conduct research and analysis on international and European affairs. In 1992 the Irish Refugee Council began as a humanitarian advocate for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers in Ireland.[2]

United Kingdom

[edit]
Embassy of Ireland in London
Main article: Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Since at least the 1100s Ireland, as a result of military conquest, has had political connections with the United Kingdom and its predecessor states, with the whole island becoming a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922. From the time Ireland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1922, the two countries have been involved in a dispute over the status of Northern Ireland. Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland formerly claimed Northern Ireland as a part of the "national territory", though in practice the Irish government did recognise the UK's jurisdiction over the region.
From the onset of the Troubles in 1969, the two governments sought to bring the violence to an end. The Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 and the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 were important steps in this process. In 1998, both states signed the Good Friday Agreement and now co-operate closely to find a solution to the region's problems. Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland were amended as part of this agreement, the territorial claim being replaced with a statement of aspiration to unite the people of the island of Ireland. As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the states also ended their dispute over their respective names: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Each agreed to accept and use the others' correct name.

When the Troubles were raging in Northern Ireland, the Irish Government sought, with mixed success, to prevent the import of weapons and ammunition through its territory by illegal paramilitary organisations for use in their conflict with the security forces in Northern Ireland. In 1973 three ships of the Irish Naval Service intercepted a ship carrying weapons from Libya which were probably destined for Irish Republican paramilitaries.[3] Law enforcement acts such as these additionally improved relations with the government of the United Kingdom. However, the independent judiciary blocked a number of attempts to extradite suspects between 1970 and 1998 on the basis that their crime might have been 'political' and thus contrary to international law at the time.

Ireland is one of the parties to the Rockall continental shelf dispute that also involves Denmark, Iceland, and the United Kingdom. Ireland and the United Kingdom have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area. However, neither has concluded similar agreements with Iceland or Denmark (on behalf of the Faroe Islands) and the matter remains under negotiation. Iceland now claims[4] a substantial area of the continental shelf to the west of Ireland, to a point 49°48'N 19°00'W, which is further south than Ireland.

The controversial Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in north-western England has also been a contentious issue between the two governments. The Irish government has sought the closure of the plant, taking a case against the UK government under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. However, the European Court of Justice found that the case should have been dealt with under EU law.[5] In 2006, however, both countries came to a friendly agreement which enabled both the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland and the Garda Síochána (Irish Police Force) access to the site to conduct investigations.[6]

United States

[edit]
Embassy of Ireland to the US, in Washington, D.C.
Main article: Ireland–United States relations
See also: United States Ambassador to Ireland, Embassy of the United States in Dublin, and United States Ambassador's Official Residence in Dublin

The United States recognised the Irish Free State on 28 June 1924 with diplomatic relations being established on 7 October 1924. In 1927, the United States opened an American Legation in Dublin.[7] Due to the ancestral ties between the two countries, Ireland and the US have a strong relationship, both politically and economically, with the US being Ireland's biggest trading partner since 2000.[8] Ireland also receives more foreign direct investment from the US than many larger nations, with investments in Ireland equal to France and Germany combined and, in 2012, more than all of developing Asia put together.[9]

The use of Shannon Airport as a stop-over point for US forces en route to Iraq has caused domestic controversy in Ireland. Opponents of this policy brought an unsuccessful High Court case against the government in 2003, arguing that this use of Irish airspace violated Irish neutrality.[10] Restrictions such as carrying no arms, ammunition, or explosives, and that the flights in question did not form part of military exercises or operations were put in place to defend Irish neutrality, however, allegations have been made against the Central Intelligence Agency that the airport has been used between 30 and 50 times for illegal extraordinary rendition flights to the U.S. without the knowledge of the Irish Government, despite diplomatic assurances by the US that Irish airspace would not be used for transport of detainees.[11][12]

In July 2006, the former Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dermot Ahern voiced concern over the 2006 Lebanon War.[13] A shipment of bombs being sent to Israel by the United States was banned using Irish airspace or airfields.[14]

In 1995 a decision was made by the U.S. government to appoint a Special Envoy to Northern Ireland to help with the Northern Ireland peace process. During the 2008 presidential campaign in the United States, however, Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama was reported as having questioned the necessity to keep a US Special Envoy for Northern Ireland. His remarks caused an uproar within the Republican Party, with Senator John McCain questioning his leadership abilities and his commitment to the ongoing peace process in Northern Ireland.[15]

As of 2023, Geraldine Byrne Nason is the Irish ambassador to the United States while the position of U.S. ambassador to Ireland is held by Claire D. Cronin.

China

[edit]
Embassy of Ireland in Beijing
See also: China–Ireland relations

Ireland's official relationship with the People's Republic of China began on 22 June 1979.[16] Following his visit to China in 1999, former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern authorised the establishment of an Asia Strategy.[17] This Strategy aimed to ensure that the Irish Government and Irish enterprise work coherently to enhance the important relationships between Ireland and Asia.[17] In recent years due to the rapid expansion of the Chinese economy, China is becoming a key trade partner of Ireland, with over $6bn worth of bilateral trade between the two countries in 2010. In July 2013, the Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade were invited to China by the Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi on a trade mission to boost both investment and political ties between the two countries.[18]

Ireland has raised its concerns in the area of human rights with China on several occasions. On 12 May 2007, during a visit to Beijing, former Taoiseach Brian Cowen (then Minister for Finance) discussed human rights issues with Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing.[19] Former Tánaiste Mary Coughlan also raised human rights issues and concerns with visiting Chinese Vice-Premier Zeng Peiyan.[19] Ireland also participates in the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue.

Concerning the Taiwan issue, Ireland follows a One-China policy and emphasizes the Taiwan issue being best settled through dialogue "between the parties concerned". Ireland does not maintain official diplomatic ties with Taiwan although there is a Taipei Representative Office that has a representative function about economic and cultural promotion.

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Ireland, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang internment camps.[20][21]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Ireland maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[22]
1  United Kingdom 6 December 1922[23]
2  United States 7 October 1924[24]
3  France 19 October 1929[25]
—  Holy See 27 November 1929[26]
4  Belgium 7 September 1932[27]
5  Spain September 1935[28]
6  Italy 27 September 1937[29]
7  Canada 11 September 1939[30]
8   Switzerland 16 October 1939[31]
9  Portugal 26 February 1942[27]
10  Netherlands 1945[32]
11  Sweden 18 July 1946[27]
12  Australia 15 October 1946[33]
13  Czech Republic 29 January 1947[34]
14  Argentina 29 July 1947[35]
15  India 1947[36]
16  Iceland 11 March 1948[37]
17  Norway 17 February 1950[38]
18  Germany 26 July 1951[39]
19  Turkey 2 October 1951[27]
20  Austria 1 March 1952[40]
21  Uruguay 19 January 1955[41]
22  Japan 5 March 1957[42]
23  Nigeria 1960[43]
24  Finland 2 November 1961[44]
25  Luxembourg 20 December 1961[45]
26  Denmark January 1962[46]
27  Pakistan 1962[47]
28  Israel 25 January 1964[48]
29  Zambia 1965[49]
30  New Zealand 19 January 1966[50]
31  Lesotho 1966[51]
32  Russia 29 September 1973[52]
33  Bangladesh 1973[53]
34  Bahrain 18 May 1974[54]
35  Malaysia 12 September 1974[55]
36  Qatar September 1974[56]
37  Saudi Arabia September 1974[56]
38  Kuwait 5 October 1974[57]
39  United Arab Emirates 8 October 1974[58]
40  Singapore 2 December 1974[59]
41  Egypt 12 December 1974[60]
42  Lebanon 12 December 1974[60]
43  Tunisia 16 January 1975[61]
44  Greece 22 January 1975[62]
45  Thailand 27 January 1975[63]
46  Algeria January 1975[64]
47  Morocco 19 March 1975[65]
48  Syria 18 July 1975[66]
49  Mexico 21 August 1975[67]
50  Brazil 1 September 1975[68]
51  Iran 17 February 1976[69]
52  Poland 30 September 1976[70]
53  Hungary 1 October 1976[71]
54  Libya 2 July 1977[72]
55  Serbia 1977[73]
56  Kenya 4 April 1979[74]
57  China 22 June 1979[75]
58  Tanzania 3 December 1979[76]
59  Iraq 1979[77]
60  Venezuela 26 September 1980[78]
61  South Korea 4 October 1983[79]
62  Zimbabwe October 1983[80][81]
63  Sudan 28 March 1984[82]
64  Jordan 15 May 1984[83]
65  Philippines 5 July 1984[84]
66  Indonesia 4 September 1984[85]
67  Cyprus 23 November 1984[86]
68  Brunei 6 May 1986[87]
69  Oman 8 July 1987[88]
70  Romania 18 April 1990[89]
71  Bulgaria 11 June 1990[90]
72  Malta 13 June 1990[91]
73  Ghana 1990[92]
74  Lithuania 2 September 1991[93]
75  Estonia 10 September 1991[94]
76  Latvia 9 October 1991[95]
77  Belarus 27 March 1992[96]
78  Ukraine 1 April 1992[97]
79  Kazakhstan 10 April 1992[98]
80  Chile 1 June 1992[99]
81  Slovakia 1 January 1993[100]
82  Liechtenstein 13 January 1993[101]
83  South Africa 5 October 1993[102]
84  Uganda 14 July 1994[103]
85  Ethiopia 18 July 1994[104]
86  North Macedonia 13 December 1994[105]
87  Namibia 1994[106]
88  San Marino 13 January 1995[107]
89  Andorra 18 January 1995[108]
90  Croatia 27 January 1995[109]
91  Albania January 1995[110]
92  Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 September 1995[111]
93  Slovenia 25 January 1996[112]
94  Sri Lanka February 1996[113]
95  Vietnam 5 April 1996[114]
96  Mozambique 13 June 1996
97  Armenia 28 June 1996[115]
98  Azerbaijan 1 July 1996[116]
99  Georgia 12 September 1996[117]
100  Botswana 1996[118]
101  Uzbekistan 7 November 1997[119]
102  Jamaica 7 December 1997[120]
103  Laos 7 August 1998[121]
104  Mongolia 22 December 1998[122]
105  Peru 27 June 1999[123]
106    Nepal 19 August 1999[124]
107  Moldova 30 September 1999[125]
108  Seychelles 9 October 1999[126]
109  Ecuador 20 October 1999
110  Cuba 27 October 1999[127]
111  Cambodia 30 October 1999[128]
112  Colombia 10 November 1999
113  Maldives 7 December 1999[129]
114  Honduras 11 December 1999[130]
115  Bolivia 1999[131]
116  Sierra Leone 19 January 2000
117  Guyana 2 February 2000
118  Nauru 21 March 2000
119  Ivory Coast 3 May 2000
120  Antigua and Barbuda 19 May 2000
121  Kyrgyzstan 23 June 2000[132]
122  Samoa 26 June 2000[133]
123  Chad 30 June 2000
124  El Salvador 13 July 2000[134]
125  Palau 14 July 2000
126  Tajikistan 18 July 2000[135]
127  Belize 21 July 2000
128  Yemen 25 July 2000
129  Mauritius August 2000[136]
130  Costa Rica 15 September 2000
131  Kiribati 7 September 2000[137]
132  Tuvalu 7 September 2000[137]
133  Vanuatu 7 September 2000[138]
134  Trinidad and Tobago 13 December 2000
135  Democratic Republic of the Congo 2000[139]
136  Saint Lucia 2000[140]
137  Angola 24 January 2001
138  Panama 14 February 2001
139  Barbados 3 May 2001
140  Paraguay 15 May 2001
141  Gambia 29 May 2001
142  Djibouti 6 July 2001
143  Dominica 6 July 2001
144  Fiji 19 February 2002[141]
145  Eritrea 13 March 2002[142]
146  Afghanistan 19 September 2002
147  Malawi 2002[143]
148  East Timor 31 January 2003
149  Nicaragua 9 September 2003
150  North Korea 10 December 2003[144]
151  Myanmar 10 February 2004[145]
152  Federated States of Micronesia 27 October 2004
153  Burundi 2004[146]
154  Guatemala 2004[147]
155  Liberia 2004[148]
156  Montenegro 20 June 2006[149]
157  Monaco 14 December 2006[150]
158  Bahamas 23 April 2007
159  Cameroon 23 April 2007
160  Burkina Faso 1 May 2007
161  Turkmenistan 16 October 2007[151]
162  Guinea 30 June 2008[152]
—  Kosovo 11 November 2008[153]
163  Dominican Republic 6 July 2009[154]
164  Solomon Islands 4 December 2009[155]
165  Gabon 15 December 2009[156]
166  Haiti 26 January 2012
167  South Sudan 4 May 2012[157]
168  Rwanda 28 November 2013[158]
169  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10 December 2013[159]
170  Comoros 2017[139]
171  Central African Republic 26 June 2018
172  Togo 27 June 2018
173  Benin 28 May 2019[160]
174  Eswatini 8 August 2019[161][162]
175  Suriname 19 November 2019[163]
176  Papua New Guinea 26 October 2020[164]
177  Somalia 3 November 2020[165]
178  Marshall Islands 8 January 2021[166]
179  Cape Verde 19 March 2021[167]
180  Tonga 27 July 2021[168]
181  Guinea-Bissau 25 November 2021[169][170]
—  Cook Islands 21 November 2022[171]
182  Mauritania 1 December 2022[172]
183  Saint Kitts and Nevis June 2023[173][174]
184  Grenada 21 September 2023[175]
185  Madagascar 6 March 2024[176]
—  State of Palestine 29 September 2024[177]
186  Republic of the Congo Unknown
187  Mali Unknown[178]
188  Niger Unknown
189  Senegal Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Algeria January 1975[64]
  • Ireland is represented in Algeria through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).
  • Algeria has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 1,047 Algerians living in Ireland.[179]
 Angola 24 January 2001[180]
  • Ireland is represented in Angola through its embassy in Maputo (Mozambique).
  • Angola is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Between 2006 and 2010 Angola received almost €7.6 million from the government of Ireland through Irish Aid.[181]
 Burkina Faso 1 May 2007[182]
 Cameroon 23 April 2007[184]
  • Ireland is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria).
  • Cameroon is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin.
 Democratic Republic of Congo 2000[139]
  • Ireland is represented in the Democratic Republic of Congo through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Democratic Republic of Congo received €7.4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
  • There are 1,770 citizens from between both the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo living in Ireland. The exact number from each is uncertain due to the fact Congo with no distinction was used solely in census reports.[179]
 Egypt December 1974[64]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Cairo and an honorary consulate in Alexandria.[186]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Dublin, the first embassy of an Arab country in Ireland.[187]
  • There are 1,055 Egyptians living in Ireland.[179]
 Ethiopia 1994[188] See Ethiopia–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • Ethiopia closed its embassy in Dublin in 2021.
  • In 2011, Ethiopia received €36.4 million in aid from Ireland.[185]
  • In November 2014 the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins visited Ethiopia on a state visit to celebrate 20 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. During this visit a bilateral transport agreement was signed which paved the way for Ethiopian Airlines to commence direct flights to Dublin from Addis Ababa, the first between Ireland and Sub-Saharan Africa.[189]
 Ghana 1990[92]
  • Ireland is represented in Ghana through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria). Ireland also maintains a visa applications centre in Accra.
  • Ghana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • There are 1,158 Ghanaians living in Ireland.[179]
 Ivory Coast 3 May 2000[190]
  • Although diplomatic relations with the Ivory Coast are maintained through Ireland's Embassy in London, (United Kingdom), Ireland is represented in the Ivory Coast consular through its embassy in Monrovia (Liberia).[191]
  • Ivory Coast is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
 Kenya 4 April 1979[74]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Dublin.
  • Kenya received €9.3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
  • There are approximately 2,000 Irish citizens living in Kenya.[192]
 Lesotho
  • Ireland is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa after closing its embassy in Maseru in 2014.
  • Lesotho has an embassy in Dublin.
  • In June 2006 the President of Ireland, Mary McAleese made a state visit to the country.[193]
  • Lesotho received €11.3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
 Liberia 2004[148]
 Libya 2 July 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1977[72]
  • Ireland is represented in Libya through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Libya is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).

Under Muammar Gaddafi, the prime governor of Libya from 1969 to 2011, relations between both countries were strained due to Gaddafi's support of the Irish Republican Army. Gaddafi was sympathetic to their cause and also wanted revenge for the United States Air Force's bombing attacks on Tripoli and Benghazi in 1986. Between 1984 and 1987 Libya sent the IRA about 1,000 AK47 assault rifles and six tonnes of Semtex explosive alongside other weapons. This shipment ensured The Troubles could continue for many more years, mainly until the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 ended the conflict.[195]

 Madagascar 6 March 2024[176]
 Malawi 2002
  • Ireland has an embassy in Lilongwe and an honorary consulate in Blantyre.[197]
  • Malawi has an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • Malawi received €17.5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
  • In 2014 the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, made a state visit to Malawi.[198]
 Mauritius August 2000[136]
  • Ireland is represented in Mauritius through its embassy in Pretoria, (South Africa).
  • Mauritius is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London (United Kingdom).
  • There are 2,844 citizens of Mauritius living in Ireland.[199]

Following the murder of Irish tourist Michaela McAreavey on the island in January 2011, several Irish businesses proposed a boycott of the island due to the questionable trial in which all 3 suspects were acquitted.[200] Another source of discontent was the investigation by the Mauritian authorities. The Major Crime Investigation Team (MCIT), who was in charge, admitted they failed to interview fellow guests at the hotel who were staying close to the room in which the murder occurred. They also failed to preserve the crime scene and did not provide any solid DNA evidence against the accused.[201] As a result, the Irish ambassador to Mauritius conveyed in person to the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Navin Ramgoolam, a formal government to government protest over what happened.[202][203]

 Morocco 19 March 1975[65]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Rabat.[204]
  • Morocco has an embassy in Dublin.

In November 2012 Morocco recalled its ambassador to Ireland temporarily due to the fact the leader of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Mohamed Abdelaziz, met with top Irish officials, including the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Eamon Gilmore. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims sovereignty over Western Sahara, a disputed territory that Morocco also claims to own.[205]

 Mozambique 13 June 1996[206]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Maputo.[207]
  • Mozambique is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Mozambique received €42.2 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
 Namibia 1994[208]

Following Namibia's Independence from South Africa in 1990, Ireland sent 50 Garda officers as well as 20 military observers to the country as part of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group. This group was sent to monitor the peace process and elections taking place there at the time.[209]

 Nigeria
 Seychelles 9 October 1999[126]
 Sierra Leone 19 January 2000[211]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Freetown since 2014.
  • Sierra Leone is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Muine Bheag in County Carlow.
  • Sierra Leone received €9.1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
  • Between 2005 and 2014 Ireland provided over €88 million in assistance to projects in Sierra Leone.[212]
 Somalia
 South Africa 1993[214]

A principled stand against apartheid by Ireland came to prevent the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. As a result, Ireland was the only EU country that did not have full diplomatic relations with South Africa until 1993, when an exchange of ambassadors was agreed with the De Klerk administration in anticipation of the ending of apartheid.

 Tanzania 1979[217]
 Uganda 1994
  • Ireland has an embassy in Kampala.
  • Uganda is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • In 2011 Uganda received €42.7 million from Ireland through a variety of aid programmes.[185]
  • Irish people are one of the few citizens that do not need a visa to travel to Uganda.[219]

It was found in November 2012 that €4 million worth of Irish foreign aid was misappropriated by senior officials of the country. Instead of going towards aiding the development of the country, this money was redirected into the personal account of the prime minister of Uganda. The Irish government then halted all aid payments towards Uganda until the money was recouped, which eventually occurred in January 2013.[220]

 Zimbabwe 1984
  • Ireland is represented in Zimbabwe through an honorary consulate in Harare.[221]
  • Zimbabwe is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Zimbabwe received €7.6 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
  • There are 1,537 Zimbabweans living in Ireland.[179]

Americas

[edit]
See also: Ireland–Latin America relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Argentina 21 July 1947[222] See Argentina-Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  • Argentina has an embassy in Dublin.
  • In 2012 the Irish president Michael D. Higgins became the third Irish President in succession to visit Argentina on a state visit.
  • In March 2008, a new visa programme between the two countries allowing young people from each country to work in the other for up to 9 months was announced.[223]
  • See Also: Irish Argentine
 Bahamas 23 April 2007[224]
  • Ireland is represented in The Bahamas through its embassy in Ottawa (Canada) and an honorary consulate in Nassau.[225]
  • The Bahamas are represented in Ireland through their High Commission in London, (United Kingdom).
 Brazil 19 September 1975[226] See Brazil–Ireland relations
 Canada 11 September 1939[228] See Canada–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Toronto and Vancouver.[229]
  • Canada has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 2,384 Canadian citizens residing in Ireland.[199]
  • Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations, the importance of these relations centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada. Approximately 4 million Canadians have Irish ancestors, or approximately 14% of Canada's population.
 Chile 1 June 1992[230] See also: Chile–Ireland relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Dublin.[231]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Santiago de Chile.[232]
  • A special visa programme allowing young people from both countries to work in the other country for up to a year was announced in 2016.[233]
  • See also: Irish Chilean
 Colombia 10 November 1999[234] See Colombia–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bogotá.[235]
  • Colombia has an embassy in Dublin.[236]
  • Colombia received over €1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
 Costa Rica 15 September 2000[237]
 Cuba 27 October 1999[240]
  • Ireland has an honorary consulate in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Dublin.
  • A large number of Irish people migrated to Cuba in the 19th century.
  • The Irish Republican political party, Sinn Féin is also known to have close political links to the Cuban government. In 2015 Sinn Féin party leader, Gerry Adams made an official visit to the country.[241]
 Dominican Republic 13 July 2000[242]
  • Ireland is represented in the Dominican Republic through its embassy in Bogota, Colombia
  • The Dominican Republic is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
 Ecuador 20 October 1999[243]
 Haiti 26 January 2012[244]
  • Ireland is represented in Haiti through Ireland's embassy in Mexico City, (Mexico).
  • In 2014 Haiti received €2.1m from Ireland in development aid.[245]
  • Following the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake, Ireland donated €37.3m to the country in response through governmental bodies such as Irish Aid and through donations to NGO'S from the public.[246]
 Jamaica 7 December 1997[247]
 Mexico 10 January 1974[248] See Ireland–Mexico relations
 Panama 14 February 2001[252]
  • Although diplomatic relations with Panama are maintained through Ireland's embassy in Bogotá, (Colombia), Ireland is represented in Panama consularly through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico) and through an honorary consulate in Panama City.[253]
 Peru 27 June 1999[123]
Main article: Ireland–Peru relations
  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin.
 United States 7 October 1924[254] See above and Ireland–United States relations

Asia

[edit]
  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Afghanistan 19 September 2002[257]
 Armenia 28 June 1996[258]
  • Ireland recognised Armenia's independence in December 1991.
  • Armenia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.[259]
  • Ireland is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.[260]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Azerbaijan 1 July 1996[116]
 Bahrain 18 May 1974[54]
 Bangladesh
 Bhutan N/A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Bhutan.
 China 22 June 1979[75] See above and China–Ireland relations
 Georgia 12 September 1996[264]
  • Ireland is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).
  • Georgia has an embassy in Dublin.

Ireland supports EU initiatives to promote peace between Georgia and Russia. Ireland recognises Georgian sovereignty over the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Ireland condemned the decision of Russia to recognise South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states.[265]

The parallel the Abkhaz Parliament referred to stems from the fact that the breakaway and largely unrecognised Irish Republic (1919–22), enjoyed some form of recognition from the RSFSR.[citation needed]

 India 1947[36] See India–Ireland relations
 Indonesia 4 September 1984[85] See Indonesia–Ireland relations
 Iran 17 February 1976[69]
  • Ireland is represented in Iran through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey) and an honorary consulate in Tehran. The Irish embassy in Iran was closed in 2012 for cost reasons,[266] however, the embassy is due to reopen before the end of 2023.[267][268][269]
  • Iran has an embassy in Dublin.
  • After the conclusion of the Iran–Iraq War in 1988, Ireland sent 177 personnel to supervise the ceasefire as part of the United Nations led UNIIMOG.[270]
 Iraq 1979[77]
 Israel January 1975[271] See Ireland–Israel relations
 Japan 5 March 1957[275] See Ireland–Japan relations
 Jordan 15 May 1984[278]
 Kazakhstan 10 April 1992[280]
 Kuwait 5 October 1974[57]
 Lebanon January 1975[64]
  • Ireland is represented in Lebanon through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt) and an honorary consulate in Beirut.
  • Lebanon is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).

From 1978 to 2001, a battalion of 580 Irish troops was deployed in Lebanon, rotating every 6 months, as part of the United Nations led force UNIFIL. In all, 30,000 Irish soldiers served in Lebanon over the 23 years. Over the course of this mission 48 Irish soldiers died in Lebanon.[281]

 Malaysia 1974[282]
 Mongolia 22 December 1998[283]
   Nepal 19 August 1999[284]
 North Korea 10 December 2003
  • DPR Korea opened an embassy in Ireland after they both established diplomatic relations. However, on 16 July 2005, North Korea closed the embassy in Dublin.
  • Ireland is represented to DPR Korea from its embassy in Seoul.
 Oman July 1987[286]
 Pakistan See Ireland–Pakistan relations
  • Ireland is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) and an consulate general in Karachi and is planning to open in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 6,847 Pakistanis living in Ireland.[216]
  • Pakistan received over €1.5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[185]
 Palestine 2000[287] See Ireland-Palestine relations
 Philippines 1984[291] See Ireland–Philippines relations
  • Diplomatic relations officially began in 1984 and have become more intense over the years as increasing numbers of Filipinos have migrated to Ireland.
  • Ireland has an embassy in Manila.
  • The Philippines is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • There are 12,791 Filipinos living in Ireland.[216]
 Saudi Arabia September 1974[292]
 Singapore 2 December 1974[293]
  • Ireland is represented in Singapore through its embassy in Singapore.
  • Singapore is represented in Ireland through its honorary consulate in Dublin.
 South Korea 4 October 1983[79] The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Ireland started on 4 October 1983.[294]
 Sri Lanka 1996[297]
  • Ireland is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in New Delhi (India) and an honorary consulate in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin.
 Thailand 27 January 1975[63]
 Turkey 2 October 1951[27] See Ireland–Turkey relations
 United Arab Emirates 1974[299]
 Vietnam 5 April 1996[114]

Europe

[edit]

Ireland is consistently the most pro-European of EU member states, with 88% of the population approving of EU membership according to a poll in 2022.[1] Archived 20 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine Ireland was a founding member of the euro single currency. In May 2004, Ireland was one of only three countries to open its borders to workers from the 10 new member states. EU issues important to Ireland include the Common Agricultural Policy, corporation tax harmonisation and the EU Constitution. The Irish electorate declined to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon in 2008. A second referendum in October 2009 passed the bill, allowing the treaty to be ratified. Before it was ratified Ireland required legal guarantees on issues such as the right of Ireland to remain militarily neutral (and not engage in any kind of "European army"), the right of the state to maintain its low levels of corporation tax and that the treaty would not change the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland making abortion illegal (since deleted). Ireland has held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on seven occasions (in 1975, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2004 and 2013), and is due to hold it for the eight time from July to December 2026.

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania January 1995[110]
 Andorra 18 January 1995[306]
  • Although Ireland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, (Spain) all consular queries are with regard to Andorra are dealt with through Ireland's consulate-general in Barcelona.[307]
  • Andorra does not have an accreditation to Ireland.[308]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Austria 1 March 1952[309]
 Belarus 27 March 1992[313]
 Belgium 7 September 1932[27]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 September 1995[318]
 Bulgaria 11 January 1990[319]
 Croatia 27 January 1995[322] See Croatia–Ireland relations
 Cyprus 23 November 1984[86] See Cyprus-Ireland relations
 Czech Republic 1 January 1993[34]
 Denmark January 1962[46] See Denmark–Ireland relations
 Estonia 10 September 1991[327]
 Finland 2 November 1961[328]
 France 19 October 1929[331][27] See France–Ireland relations
 Germany 27 October 1929[334] See Germany–Ireland relations
 Greece 22 January 1975[337] See Greece–Ireland relations
 Guernsey
  • Ireland has signed several tax treaties with the Guernsey.[340] The treaties provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.[341]
 Holy See 27 November 1929[342] See Holy See–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Rome to the Holy See.
  • The Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Dublin.
  • In November 2011 Ireland closed its embassy in the Vatican over the Irish Church's handling of sex abuse cases and accusations that the Vatican had encouraged secrecy and obstructed investigations into these matters.[343] The embassy was reopened in January 2014, a sign of thawing relations between the two jurisdictions.[344]
  • The majority of Irish people are Roman Catholic.
 Hungary 1 October 1976[71]
 Iceland 3 July 1951[347] See Iceland–Ireland relations
 Italy 27 September 1937[27]
 Jersey
  • Ireland has signed several tax treaties with Jersey.[340] The treaties provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.[341]
 Kosovo 11 November 2008[352] See Ireland–Kosovo relations
 Latvia 9 October 1991[356]
 Liechtenstein 1992
 Lithuania 2 September 1991[359]
 Luxembourg 20 December 1961[361]
 Malta 13 June 1990[363]
 Isle of Man See Ireland-Isle of Man relations
  • Ireland has signed several tax agreements with the Isle of Man.[366] The agreements provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.
  • Ireland and the Isle of Man have collaborated on preparing reports and jointly opposing the Sellafield nuclear plant to the UK government.[367]
 Moldova 13 July 1999[368]
 Monaco 14 December 2006[370]
  • Although Ireland has an honorary consulate in Monaco, Ireland is represented through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate in Dublin.
 Montenegro 20 June 2006[371]
  • Ireland is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia on 3 June 2006 and Ireland recognised it on 20 June 2006.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  • Ireland is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
 Netherlands 1945[27]
 North Macedonia 13 December 1994[373]
 Norway 17 February 1950[374]
 Poland 30 September 1976[377] See Ireland–Poland relations
 Portugal 26 February 1942[380][27]
 Romania 18 April 1990[382]
 Russia 29 September 1973[385] See Ireland–Russia relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Moscow. and an honorary consulate in St. Petersburg.[386]
  • Russia has an embassy Dublin and two honorary consulates (Limerick and Thurles, County Tipperary).[387]
  • There are 3,896 Russians living in Ireland.[199]
  • The Russian SFSR drafted a treaty which would have made it the first country to recognise the independence of Ireland in 1920, however, the Russian SFSR failed to ratify it.[388][389]
  • Cooperation between both countries has been more active since the end of the Cold War. Many bilateral treaties exist between both nations in various fields (taxation, investment protection, cultural and scientific, aviation, etc.).
 San Marino 13 January 1995[390]
  • Ireland is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • San Marino has an honorary consulate in Limerick.
 Serbia 1977[391]
 Slovakia 1 January 1993[392]

In 2010 Slovak airport security planted actual explosives in the luggage of unsuspecting passengers as part of a security exercise. As result of additional mistakes, the explosives were flown to Dublin, Ireland causing international controversy.[394] Prime Minister Fico refused to dismiss the interior minister after the incident.

 Slovenia 25 January 1996[395]
 Spain 3 September 1935[398][27] See Ireland–Spain relations
 Sweden 18 July 1946[27] See Ireland–Sweden relations
  Switzerland 1939[402]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bern and an honorary consulate in Zürich.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
  • As of 2010 there are 1,449 Swiss people living in Ireland.[403]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Ukraine 1 April 1992[404] See Ireland–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom 8 January 1923[23] See above and Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Oceania

[edit]
  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia 1945[411] See Australia–Ireland relations
 New Zealand 1965[413] See Ireland–New Zealand relations

United Nations

[edit]

The United Nations was founded in 1945, but Ireland's membership was blocked by the Soviet Union until 1955,[417] "partly because of Dublin's neutrality" during the Second World War.[418] Since 2017, the Irish ambassador to the UN Office at Geneva has been Michael Gaffey.[419] Ireland has been elected to the UN Security Council as a non-permanent member on four occasions — in 1962, in 1981–1982, in 2001–2002 and most recently in 2021–2022.[420]

Ireland is a member state of the International Criminal Court, having signed the Rome Statute in 1998 and ratified it in 2002.[421]

Irish Aid, the Government of Ireland's programme of assistance to developing countries financed the redesign of the UNV Online Volunteering service website in 2008 and supported its operations from 2007 to 2010, which led to a significant growth in the number of online volunteers and the tasks they completed.[422]

In 2017, Ireland signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.[423]

Peacekeeping missions

[edit]

Ireland has a long history of participation in UN peacekeeping efforts starting in 1958, just three years after joining the UN. As of August 2018, 90 members of the Irish Defence Forces had been killed on peacekeeping missions.[424]

List of major peacekeeping operations:[425]

As well as these missions, Irish personnel have served as observers in Central America, Russia, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Namibia, Western Sahara, Kuwait and South Africa.[426]

Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Ireland was a member state of the British Commonwealth from 1922 until 1949, initially as a Dominion called the Irish Free State from 1922 until 1937, when Ireland adopted a new constitution and changed the name of the state to "Ireland". Although the king was removed from the Constitution in 1936, a republic was only formally declared from 18 April 1949. Under the rules for membership at the time, a republic could not be a member state of the Commonwealth. This was changed a week later with the adoption of the London Declaration.

Since 1998, some people in Ireland have advocated joining the Commonwealth of Nations, most notably Éamon Ó Cuív, Frank Feighan, and Mary Kenny.[427][428]

International organisations

[edit]

Ireland is a member of or otherwise participates in the following international organisations:[429]

Foreign aid

[edit]
Main article: Irish Aid

Ireland's aid programme was founded in 1974, and in 2017 its budget amounted to €651 million.[430] The government had previously set a target of reaching the Millennium Development Goal of 0.7% of Gross National Product in aid by 2012, which was not met as aid was reduced as a result of the Irish financial crisis.[431] Irish development aid is concentrated on eight priority countries: Lesotho, Mozambique, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zambia, Uganda, Vietnam and East Timor.[432] In 2006, Malawi was announced as the ninth priority country, with a tenth country to follow.[433]

Human rights

[edit]

There have been no serious civil, human or social rights abuses/problems in the State, according to Amnesty International and the U.S. State Department.[434][435] The country consistently comes among the top nations in terms of freedom and rights ratings.

Index Ranking (Most Recent) Result
Freedom in the World – Political Rights 1st (Joint) 1 ("Free")
Freedom in the World – Civil Liberties 1st (Joint) 1 ("Free")
Index of Economic Freedom 9th 76.9 ("Mostly Free")
Worldwide Press Freedom Index Ranking 15th −4.00 ("Free")
Global Peace Index 6th (Joint) 1.33 ("More Peaceful")
Democracy Index 12th 8.79 ("Full Democracy")
International Property Rights Index 13th (Joint) 7.9
Corruption Perceptions Index 16th (Joint) 7.7
Fragile States Index 170th (7th from the bottom) 26.5 ("Sustainable")

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ronan Fanning, "The Anglo-American Alliance and the Irish Application for Membership of the United Nations." Irish Studies in International Affairs 2#2 (1986), pp. 35–61. online Archived 22 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ John Doyle, "100 years of Irish Foreign Policy." Irish Studies in International Affairs 30.1 (2019): 1–5.
  3. ^ "The Claudia". An Phoblacht. 21 July 2005. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  4. ^ "Dóms- og kirkjumálaráđuneyti : Reglugerđ varđandi afmörkun landgrunnsins til vesturs, í suđur og til austurs". Reglugerd.is. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  5. ^ Irish Government must pursue Sellafield case via EU Archived 1 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine — European Parliament press release, 8 June 2006.
  6. ^ "Irish Sellafield appeal ruled illegal". The Guardian. 30 May 2006. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  7. ^ "Ireland – Countries – Office of the Historian". History.state.gov. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Ireland Trade Visualization". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  9. ^ "Ireland ranked as fourth largest destination for investment from US companies". Irish Central. 7 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  10. ^ Horgan v. An Taoiseach & others IEHC 64 (28 April 2003) Archived 18 July 2012 at archive.today — High Court judgement in the unsuccessful case brought by Ed Horgan
  11. ^ "US report accuses Ireland of collusion in 'extraordinary rendition' flights". BreakingNews.ie. 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  12. ^ Simon Carswell (22 December 2014). "Bush assured Irish State Shannon not used for rendition flights". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Israeli envoy to pass on Irish concerns". RTÉ. 27 July 2006. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2006.
  14. ^ Barnes, Eddie; Macleod, Murdo (30 July 2006). "Irish refused bombs sent to Prestwick airport". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  15. ^ "Obama seeks to recover from Irish blunder". Republican News. 5 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  16. ^ Centre for Asian Studies, University Collete Dublin, China the Emerging Power: Prospects for Sino-Irish Relations, By Keisha Carty, Asia Correspondent, The Irish Times
  17. ^ a b Irish Department of Foreign Affairs: a Decade of the Asia Strategy
  18. ^ "Tánaiste begins four-day political and economic mission to China". Department of Foreign Affairs. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  19. ^ a b Oireachtas: WRITTEN answer on Wednesday, 31 January 2007. Ref No: 43859/06
  20. ^ "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?". The Diplomat. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  21. ^ "More than 20 ambassadors condemn China's treatment of Uighurs in Xinjiang". The Guardian. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  22. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Ireland and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  23. ^ a b Muldowney, Mary (12 October 2019). "Tim Healy first Governor General of Ireland". Dublin City Council. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  24. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  25. ^ Liste de MM. les membres du Corps diplomatique (PDF) (in French). 1930. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Dáil Éireann debate -Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960 Vol. 179 No. 1 Written Answers. – Irish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices". oireachtas.ie. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  28. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Ireland and Spain". Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  29. ^ "I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani Ottava Serie: 1935–1939 Volume VII (1 luglio- 31 dicembre 1937)". farnesina.ipzs.it (in Italian). p. 887. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  30. ^ Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925–2019". Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  31. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Dublin" (in French and German).
  32. ^ "Netherlands – Irish Relations". Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  33. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate – Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960". Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  34. ^ a b "History of diplomatic relations between the Czech Republic and Ireland". Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  36. ^ a b "India – Ireland relations" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  37. ^ "Iceland – Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  38. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  39. ^ "Länder" (in German). Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  40. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate – Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960 Vol. 179 No. 1 Written Answers. – Irish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices". oireachtas.ie. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  41. ^ Cruset. "Relaciones bilaterales entre Uruguay e Irlanda: el tema migratorio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  42. ^ "The 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Embassy of Japan in Ireland. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  43. ^ "Irish Ambassador Advocates Improved Relations With Nigeria". Voice of Nigeria. 13 May 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  44. ^ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  45. ^ "Joint statement on the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and Ireland". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Luxembourg. 20 December 2021. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  46. ^ a b Ireland today (2). Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs. 1983. p. 177. Diplomatic relations with Denmark were established on a non-residential basis in January 1962 and the first resident Ambassador presented his credentials in May 1970. Although this was the first visit of an Irish Head of State
  47. ^ "Pakistan Ireland Bilateral Relations". Embassy of Pakistan Dublin. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  48. ^ Jewish News Archive (27 January 1964). "Ireland Grants Full Recognition to Israel; May Exchange Diplomats". Jewish News Archive. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  49. ^ "Ireland-Zambia relations". Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  50. ^ "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. Archived from the original on 2 May 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho" (PDF). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  52. ^ Soviet Foreign Policy: 1945–1980. Progress Publishers. 1981. pp. 642–681.
  53. ^ "Bangladesh, Ireland hold first ever foreign office consultations". Prothom Alo English. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  54. ^ a b "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  55. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia Volumes 7–8. Malaysia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1974. p. 71.
  56. ^ a b "Dáil Éireann debate – Tuesday, 27 Nov 2007 Vol. 642 No. 3". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  57. ^ a b ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1974. p. 426.
  58. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record – Page 436. Economic Features, Limited. 1974.
  59. ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  60. ^ a b News Review on West Asia. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1975. p. 70.
  61. ^ ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1975. p. 88.
  62. ^ "Ireland". Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  63. ^ a b Foreign Affairs Bulletin. Department of Information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand. 1970. p. 35. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  64. ^ a b c d Miller, Rory (2005). Ireland and the Palestine Question: 1948–2004. p. 84.
  65. ^ a b Díosbóireachtaí Párlaiminte: Tuairisc Oifigiúil 268. Oireachtas. 1986. p. 2335.
  66. ^ Middle East Economic Digest Volume 19. 1975. p. 10.
  67. ^ Informe de labores. Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1975. p. 39.
  68. ^ Relatório (in Portuguese). Brazil. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. 1975. p. 140.
  69. ^ a b Ireland Today 879–941. Information Section, Department of Foreign Affairs. 1976. p. 24.
  70. ^ "Irlandia" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  71. ^ a b Magyar külpolitikai évkönyv (in Hungarian). 1976. p. 47.
  72. ^ a b ARR, Arab Report and Record. 1977. p. 548.
  73. ^ "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  74. ^ a b FBIS Daily Report—Sub-Saharan Africa. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  75. ^ a b "Bilateral Relations between China and Ireland". Embassy of China in Ireland. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  76. ^ "Celebrating 40 years of diplomatic relations with Tanzania". Embassy of Ireland, Tanzania. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  77. ^ a b "Dáil Éireann díospóireacht – Dé Céadaoin, 24 Beal 2006 Vol. 620 No. 2". Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  78. ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  79. ^ a b "Bilateral Relations". Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Ireland. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  80. ^ Quarterly Economic Review of Ireland. Vol. 1. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. 1983. p. 10.
  81. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1984. Выпуск двадцать восьмой. Часть II" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  82. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 7607–7630. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1984. p. 10.
  83. ^ Pakistan Horizon – Volume 37. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1984. p. 173.
  84. ^ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Ireland celebrate 39 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 05!". 5 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  85. ^ a b "Indonesian – Irlandia relations". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  86. ^ a b FBIS Daily Report—Western Europe. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 27 November 1984. p. 47. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  87. ^ Brunei Darussalam. Vol. 1–41. Department of Information, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, Brunei Darussalam. 1986. p. 3.
  88. ^ Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  89. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  90. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  91. ^ "Opening Statement by the Hon. Carmelo Abela, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Promotion of Malta, for the meeting with the Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade and Defence, and the Joint Committee on European Union Affairs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  92. ^ a b "Ambassador presents credentials in Ghana". Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  93. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  94. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  95. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  96. ^ "Political dialogue". Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  97. ^ "European countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  98. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  99. ^ "Celebración de los 30 Años de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre Irlanda y Chile" (in Spanish). 5 June 2022. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  100. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  101. ^ "Botschafter von Irland und Spanien akkreditiert". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 14 January 1993. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  102. ^ "Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically)". Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  103. ^ "Great memories of Uganda-Donal Cronin". Embassy of Ireland Kampala, Uganda. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  104. ^ "Tánaiste meets Ethiopian President and Prime Minister". Gov.ie. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  105. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  106. ^ "Ireland in Zambia 2018–2022" (PDF). dfa.ie. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  107. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  108. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  109. ^ "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  110. ^ a b "Albanian foreign minister leaves for Ireland". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  111. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  112. ^ Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  113. ^ "History of the High Commission". Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  114. ^ a b "Promoting Vietnam-Ireland cooperation". Vow World Vietnam. 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  115. ^ "Ireland – Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  116. ^ a b "Republic of Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  117. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  118. ^ "THE MINISTER OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND COOPERATION SPEAKS WITH THE IRISH MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE". 1 June 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023 – via Facebook.
  119. ^ "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  120. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  121. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  122. ^ "List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  123. ^ a b "Ricardo V. Luna presenta cartas credenciales como embajador de Perú ante Irlanda" (in Spanish). andina. 26 February 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  124. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  125. ^ "Cooperare bilaterală" (in Romanian). Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  126. ^ a b "President Faure meets President of Ireland". 10 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  127. ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. pp. 19–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  128. ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  129. ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  130. ^ Marco Antonio Sáenz Suazo; Marco Antonio Suazo Fernández (2006). Honduras en las Naciones Unidas: nuestra historia (in Spanish). p. 448.
  131. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate – Thursday, 9 Oct 2008 Vol. 663 No. 2". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  132. ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  133. ^ "Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  134. ^ "REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  135. ^ "Relations of Tajikistan with Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  136. ^ a b "Presentation of Letter of Credence to Ireland". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  137. ^ a b "Dáil Éireann debate – Tuesday, 24 Oct 2000 Vol. 524 No. 5". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  138. ^ "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). mfaicet.gov.vu. p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  139. ^ a b c "Ireland in Burundi, Seychelles, Democratic Republic of Congo and Comoros". Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  140. ^ "List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  141. ^ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  142. ^ "Ireland to establish diplomatic ties". The New Humanitarian. 13 March 2002. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  143. ^ Diplomatic and Consular Directory Issue 33. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs, Malawi. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 2002. p. 189.
  144. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  145. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  146. ^ "Ireland in Burundi". Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  147. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  148. ^ a b "Liberian Irish relations". Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  149. ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  150. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  151. ^ "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  152. ^ "Order of Precedence of Heads of Diplomatic Missions Accredited to Ireland". Diplomatic List Department of Foreign Affairs Ireland. May 2009. p. 154. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  153. ^ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  154. ^ "RD establece relaciones diplomáticas con Irlanda" (in Spanish). Diario libre. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  155. ^ "Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 1 June 2020. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  156. ^ "Republic of Ireland / Gabon / New Ambassadors present Credentials". appablog.wordpress.com. 15 December 2009. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  157. ^ "On May 4th 2012 President of the Republic also received credentials of five ambassadors". Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  158. ^ "Ireland / New Ambassador of Rwanda presents Credentials". 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  159. ^ "In April 30, 2015 His Excellency Cenio Lewis, High Commissioner of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to the United Kingdom presented Letters of Credence to His Excellency Michael D. Huggins..." Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Commerce. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2020 – via Facebook.
  160. ^ "New Ambassadors present Credentials". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  161. ^ "Global Ireland: Ireland in Mozambique Mission Strategy 2020–2024" (PDF). p. 4. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  162. ^ "Congratulations to our Ambassador, Nuala O'Brien, who today presented credentials to King Mswati III of the Kingdom of Eswatini 🇮🇪🇸🇿Proud to be #Working4IRL". Ireland in Mozambique on X. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  163. ^ "NIET RESIDERENDE AMBASSADEURS DUITSLAND EN IERLAND BIEDEN GELOOFSBRIEVEN AAN" (in Dutch). 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  164. ^ "2020 Annual Report" (PDF). dfa.ie. p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  165. ^ "Ambassador Fionnuala Quinlan had the honour to present her credentials to the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia H.E Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo as the Irish Ambassador to Somalia". 3 November 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  166. ^ "Pat Bourne". 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  167. ^ "Presidente da República recebe, cartas credenciais pelo Senhor Ralph Victory, Em" (in Portuguese). 19 March 2021. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  168. ^ "Amb @AdrianGONeill was delighted to welcome H.E. The Hon. Titilupe Fanetupouvava'u Tu'ivakano of the Kingdom of Tonga to the Embassy to sign a note formalising the establishment of diplomatic relations – signifying the strong ties of friendship between our two island nations". 27 July 2021. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021 – via Twitter.
  169. ^ "Implementation of 'Global Ireland: Ireland's Strategy for Africa to 2025'. Report to Government – Year 2" (PDF). May 2022. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  170. ^ "O Presidente da República General Umaro Sissoco Embaló, recebeu hoje as Cartas Credenciais de onze novos Embaixadores que os acreditam no país". Presidência da República da Guiné-Bissau (in Portuguese). 25 November 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  171. ^ "COOK ISLANDS AND IRELAND COMMIT TO STRENGTHEN CO-OPERATION". 21 November 2022. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  172. ^ "Ambassador Fraser was pleased to host H.E. Ambassador Sidya Ould Elhadj to establish formal diplomatic relations between Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania today". 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  173. ^ "St. Kitts & Nevis Deepens International Partnerships". 17 June 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  174. ^ "The establishment of diplomatic relations with Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis". Global Ireland Strategies. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  175. ^ "Today, Secretary-General Joe Hackett signed a Joint Communiqué with Minister Joseph Andall of Grenada establishing diplomatic relations". 21 September 2023. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  176. ^ a b "Présentation des lettres de créance des nouveaux ambassadeurs du Zimbabwe, du Brésil et de l'Irlande". presidence.gov.mg (in French). 6 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  177. ^ "Appointment of first full ambassador from Palestine approved by Government". The Irish Times. 5 November 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  178. ^ "Government approves the nomination of 22 Ambassadorial and senior-level international appointments". 14 December 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  179. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Ireland – Migration and Diversity" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  180. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Angola and Ireland as of 24 Jan. 2001". United Nations Digital Library. 24 January 2001. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  181. ^ "Department of Foreign Affairs International Relations". Kildare Street. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  182. ^ Faso, Burkina (May 2007). "Diplomatic Relations Between Burkina Faso and Ireland as of 1 May 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  183. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Burkina Faso". Department for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  184. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Cameroon and Ireland as of 23 Apr. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  185. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Irish Aid Annual report 2011" (PDF). Irish Aid. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  186. ^ "Department of Foreign Affairs". Embassyofireland.org.eg. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  187. ^ "Egyptian embassy in Dublin". Embegyptireland.ie. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  188. ^ "Ireland-Ethiopia relations". Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  189. ^ "Visit by the President of Ireland to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  190. ^ d'Ivoire, Côte (3 May 2000). "Diplomatic relations between Côte d'Ivoire and Ireland as of 3 May 2000". United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  191. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Ivory Coast". Department for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  192. ^ "Ireland-Kenya Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  193. ^ "President's 12-day visit to South Africa starts in Lesotho". The Irish Times. 12 June 2006. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  194. ^ "UN asks Ireland to keep troops in Liberia". The Irish Times. 15 March 2006. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  195. ^ "Libyan arms helped the IRA to wage war". Telegraph UK. 4 April 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  196. ^ "Fihaonana ny 26 September tao New York" (in French and Malagasy). 26 September 2019. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  197. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Malawi". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  198. ^ "Ireland and Africa: President Higgins reflects a relationship in transition". The Irish Times. 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  199. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Irish Census 2011" (PDF). p. 105. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  200. ^ "Please don't boycott Mauritius over Michaela's killing, says Rosanna". Irish Independent. Dublin. 21 July 2012. ISSN 0021-1222. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  201. ^ "Michaela McAreavey murder trial: the major talking points". The Journal. 13 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  202. ^ "Irish Ambassador to Mauritius meets with Prime Minister Ramgoolam". Department of Foreign Affairs. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  203. ^ "Government to make formal complaint to Mauritius". RTÉ. 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  204. ^ "Embassy of Ireland in Rabat". Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  205. ^ "TDs stumble into Gilmore's desert storm". Irish Independent. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  206. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Mozambique and Ireland as of 13 June 1996". United Nations Digital Library. 13 June 1996. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  207. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Mozambique". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  208. ^ "Ireland in Zambia 2018–2022" (PDF). dfa.ie. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  209. ^ "Relations with Namibia – Written Answers". Dáil Éireann. 12 May 1998. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  210. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Seychelles". Department for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  211. ^ Leone, Sierra (19 January 2000). "Diplomatic relations between Sierra Leone and Ireland as of 19 Jan. 2000". United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  212. ^ "Embassy's History in Sierra Leone". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  213. ^ "Time up in Somalia". RTÉ. 12 October 1994. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  214. ^ "Ireland-South Africa Exhibition in Cape Town, 12 – 30 October 2018". 9 October 2018. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  215. ^ "Irish embassy in Pretoria". Embassyireland.org.za. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  216. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "CSO Emigration" (PDF). Census Office Ireland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  217. ^ "Tanzania & Irish relations". Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  218. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Tanzania". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  219. ^ "Uganda Business and Tourist FAQs". visafirst.ie. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  220. ^ "€4m of Irish Aid to Uganda diverted in 'sophisticated fraud'". Irish Independent. 24 November 2012. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  221. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Zimbabwe". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  222. ^ Law and Treaty Series. No. 1-52 (4 ed.). Pan American Union. 1954. p. 29.
  223. ^ "– Ireland-Argentina Working Holiday Agreement Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Department of Foreign Affairs. 19 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  224. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Ireland and Bahamas as of 23 Apr. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  225. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Bahamas". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  226. ^ Relatório, 1975 (in Portuguese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil. 1975. p. 140. Retrieved 30 October 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  227. ^ "Brazilian-Irish Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  228. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925–2019". cgai.ca. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  229. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Canada". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  230. ^ "Today we celebrate the 30th anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between Ireland and Chile (Embassy of Ireland in Chile)". Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  231. ^ Chile, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de. "Embajada de Chile en Irlanda – Chile Abroad". Chile Abroad. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  232. ^ Department of Foreign Affairs. "Embassy of Ireland in Chile". Dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  233. ^ "Ever think about a working holiday in Chile?". The Irish Times. 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  234. ^ "Ambassador in Ireland". Government of Colombia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  235. ^ "Embassy of Ireland in Colombia". Dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  236. ^ "Embassy of Colombia in Ireland" (in Spanish). Irlanda.embajada.gov.co. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  237. ^ Rica, Costa (15 September 2000). "Diplomatic relations between Costa Rica and Ireland as of 15 Sept. 2000". United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  238. ^ Countries in which Ireland is also represented by the Embassy in Mexico Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Embassy of Ireland. Retrieved: 2013-10-19.
  239. ^ "Higgins all kitted out as he backs Costa Rica". The Irish Times. 2 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  240. ^ "Welcome to Ireland, dear President Miguel Díaz-Canel". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  241. ^ "Adams visits Cuba". Sinn Féin. 2 October 2015. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  242. ^ "República Dominicana estableció Relaciones Diplomáticas con Irlanda el 13 de julio del año 2000 (Embajada de República Dominicana en Reino Unido)".
  243. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Ecuador and Ireland as of 20 Oct. 1999". United Nations Digital Library. 20 October 1999. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  244. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Ireland and Haiti as of 26 Jan. 2012". United Nations Digital Library. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  245. ^ "Irish Aid Report 2014" (PDF). Irish Aid. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  246. ^ "Irish NGOs capture their roles in Haiti earthquake response" (PDF). Dochas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  247. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Jamaica. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  248. ^ "Celebrating 40 years of Diplomatic Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  249. ^ "Mexico – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  250. ^ "Inicio". Embamex.sre.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  251. ^ "President Michael D Higgins lays wreath in Mexico City". The Irish Times. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  252. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Ireland and Panama as of 14 Feb. 2001". United Nations Digital Library. 14 February 2001. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  253. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Panama". Department for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  254. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ireland". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  255. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for the United States". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  256. ^ "Top ten facts on Irish Americans from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  257. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Afghanistan and Ireland as of 19 Sept. 2002". United Nations Digital Library. 19 September 2002. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  258. ^ "Bilateral relations – Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  259. ^ "Armenian embassy in London (also accredited to Ireland)". Armenianembassy.org.uk. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  260. ^ "Irish embassy in Sofia (also accredited to Armenia)". Embassyofireland.bg. 28 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  261. ^ a b c d "Missions and representations accredited to Ireland" (PDF). Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  262. ^ "China – Department of Foreign Affairs". dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 13 March 2009.
  263. ^ "Chinese embassy in Dublin". Ie.chineseembassy.org. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  264. ^ "Relations between Georgia and Ireland". Embassy of Georgia in Ireland. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  265. ^ "Opening Statement by Minister For Foreign Affairs to the Joint Committee on European Affairs – 9 September 2008". Foreignaffairs.gov.ie. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  266. ^ "Government can't afford €500,000 embassy in Iran – Tánaiste". The Irish Times. 2 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  267. ^ "Ireland to Reopen Its Embassy in Iran: Foreign Minister". Iran Front Page. 21 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  268. ^ "Video conference of the Foreign Ministers of Iran and Ireland". Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 20 January 2021. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  269. ^ "Ireland to re-open Tehran embassy by end of 2023, Government decides". The Irish Times. 2 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  270. ^ a b "United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group". Military.ie. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  271. ^ "Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  272. ^ "Irish embassy in Tel Aviv". Embassyofireland.co.il. 11 October 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  273. ^ "Israeli embassy in Dublin". Dublin.mfa.gov.il. Archived from the original on 12 December 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  274. ^ "Israel to close embassy in Ireland as it criticises 'anti-Israel policies'". BBC News. 15 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  275. ^ "The 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Embassy of Japan in Ireland. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  276. ^ "Irish embassy in Tokyo". Embassyofireland.jp. 19 August 2010. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  277. ^ "Japanese embassy in Dublin". Ie.emb-japan.go.jp. 7 January 2009. Archived from the original on 31 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  278. ^ Pakistan Horizon, Volume 37. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs., 1984. p. 173.
  279. ^ "King returns home after UK, Ireland visit". The Jordan Times. 6 February 2016. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  280. ^ "Countries which has established Diplomatic Relations with Kazakhstan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  281. ^ "Camp Shamrock celebrates for last time as peacekeepers' mission ends". Irish Independent. 17 March 2001. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  282. ^ "Ireland – Malaysia relations". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  283. ^ "Diplomatic and consular list" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  284. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  285. ^ "Ireland provides increased humanitarian support in response to Nepal earthquakes". Department of Foreign Affairs. 19 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  286. ^ Oman 1989. Ministry of Information, Sultanate of Oman. 1989. p. 34.
  287. ^ "Palestinian-Irish Relations – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  288. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Palestinian Authority". dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 12 September 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021. "Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Palestinian Authority."
  289. ^ "Mission of Palestine in Ireland". Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  290. ^ Riordan, John (27 September 2011). "Gilmore backs Palestinian bid for UN membership". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  291. ^ "Ireland to open Embassy in Manila". 4 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  292. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate – Thursday, 5 Jun 1975 Vol. 281 No. 10 Share this page". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  293. ^ "Diplomatic and consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 30 October 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  294. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  295. ^ "Republic of Korea – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  296. ^ "주 아일랜드 대한민국 대사관". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  297. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  298. ^ "T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Embassy of the Republic of Turkey". dublin.be.mfa.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
  299. ^ "Ireland – UAE relations". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  300. ^ "Ireland – UAE Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  301. ^ "Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Irish embassy in Hanoi". Dfa.ie. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  302. ^ "Vietnamese embassy in London (also accredited to Ireland)". Vietnamembassy.org.uk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  303. ^ "President and Sabina welcome H.E. Tô Lâm, President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the occasion of his State Visit to Ireland". Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  304. ^ "DFA – Diplomatic and Consular Information for Albania". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  305. ^ a b c d "DFA Diplomatic List" (PDF). July 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  306. ^ "Bilateral Relations of Andorra (Europe)" (in Catalan). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  307. ^ "Ireland in Andorra". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  308. ^ "Andorran Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Ireland". Exteriors.ad. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  309. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate – Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960 Vol. 179 No. 1 Written Answers. – Irish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices". oireachtas.ie. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  310. ^ "DFA – Diplomatic and Consular Information for Austria". Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  311. ^ "Seanad Éireann — Volume 116 – 09 July, 1987". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. pp. [2166]. Archived from the original on 2 December 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
  312. ^ "McAleese State visit to Austria". Radio Telefís Éireann. 19 July 2006. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  313. ^ "Political dialogue". Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  314. ^ "DFA – Diplomatic and Consular Information for Belarus". Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  315. ^ "DFA – Diplomatic and Consular Information for Belgium". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  316. ^ "Addresses of Belgian Embassies and Consulates abroad". Diplomatie.belgium.be. 23 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  317. ^ "Belgian Relations in Western Europe". Kingdom of Belgium Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  318. ^ "Lista zemalja koje su priznale Bosnu i Hercegovinu i datumi uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  319. ^ "Ireland". Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  320. ^ "Irish embassy in Bulgaria". Embassyofireland.bg. 18 October 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  321. ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Ireland". Archived from the original on 29 May 2013.
  322. ^ "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  323. ^ "Cypriot president begins three-day visit to Ireland". The Irish Times. 28 November 2005. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  324. ^ "Irish Army on Facebook". Irish Army. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  325. ^ "Irish embassy in Prague". Embassyofireland.cz. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  326. ^ "Czech embassy in Dublin". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  327. ^ "Ireland". Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  328. ^ "Finland and Ireland". Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  329. ^ "Irish embassy in Helsinki". Embassyofireland.fi. 7 October 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  330. ^ "Finish embassy in Dublin". Finland.ie. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  331. ^ Arnold, Edward. "Irish Neutrality between Vichy France and de Gaulle, 1940–45". p. 4. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  332. ^ "Irish embassy in Paris". Embassyofireland.fr. Archived from the original on 18 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  333. ^ "Consular Agencies". Ambassade de France en Irlande – French Embassy in Ireland. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  334. ^ "90 years diplomatic relations between Ireland and Germany". Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  335. ^ "Irish embassy in Berlin". Embassyofireland.de. 13 December 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  336. ^ "German embassy in Dublin". Dublin.diplo.de. Archived from the original on 15 November 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  337. ^ "Greece's bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  338. ^ "Irish embassy in Athens". Embassyofireland.gr. 30 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  339. ^ "All non-Irish nationals in Ireland – CSO – Central Statistics Office". Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  340. ^ a b "Jersey and Guernsey still shine as sun sets on offshore tax havens". The Telegraph. 9 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  341. ^ a b "Tax Information Exchange Agreements". Irish Tax and Customs. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  342. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  343. ^ "Vatican stunned by Irish embassy closure". Reuters. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  344. ^ "Early Papal Welcome for new Irish Vatican ambassador". Irish Catholic. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  345. ^ "Irish embassy in Budapest". Embassyofireland.hu. 22 April 2010. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  346. ^ "Hungarian embassy in Dublin". Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  347. ^ Halldór Ásgrímsson (2000). "Ljósmyndasýning í tilefni af 60 ára afmæli utanríkisþjónustunnar 10. apríl 2000" (PDF) (in Icelandic). p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
  348. ^ "Irish embassy in Copenhagen (also accredited to Iceland)". Embassyofireland.dk. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  349. ^ "Icelandic embassy in London (also accredited to Ireland)". Iceland.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  350. ^ "Irish embassy in Rome". Embassyofireland.it. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  351. ^ "Italian embassy in Dublin". Ambdublino.esteri.it. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  352. ^ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 219. ISBN 9781138285330.
  353. ^ "Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern TD Announces Ireland's recognition of the Republic of Kosovo" (Press release). Department of Foreign Affairs. 29 February 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
  354. ^ "Ambassador Hamiti handed the credentials to the President of Ireland". Kosovo MFA. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  355. ^ "Kosovo Force" (PDF). NATO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  356. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  357. ^ "Latvian embassy in Dublin". Am.gov.lv. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  358. ^ "Liechtenstein Embassy Contacts and Tourist Office". worldtravels.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  359. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  360. ^ "Lithuanian embassy in Dublin". Ie.mfa.lt. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  361. ^ "The Embassy's History". Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  362. ^ "Irish embassy in Luxembourg City". Embassyofireland.lu. 15 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  363. ^ "Opening Statement by the Hon. Carmelo Abela, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Promotion of Malta, for the meeting with the Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade and Defence, and the Joint Committee on European Union Affairs" (PDF). 20 February 2019. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  364. ^ "Maltese Embassy of Ireland". Embassy of Ireland. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  365. ^ "Malta's Air Wing conducts training with the Irish Air Corps". Flying in Ireland. 17 March 2016. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  366. ^ "New tax agreement marks new phase in Irish relations". Isle of Man Today. 24 April 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013.
  367. ^ "Island to give Sellafield joint-presentation". isleofman.com. 8 February 2008. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  368. ^ "Irlanda – Relaţii diplomatice" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  369. ^ "Moldovan embassy in London (also accredited to Ireland)". Moldovanembassy.org.uk. 11 August 2010. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  370. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  371. ^ Government of Montenegro. "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  372. ^ "Irish embassy in The Hague". Irishembassy.nl. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  373. ^ "Билатерални односи" (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  374. ^ "Norges opprettelse av diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). Government of Norway (in Norwegian). p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  375. ^ "Irish embassy in Oslo". Embassyofireland.no. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  376. ^ "Norwegian embassy in Dublin". Norway.ie. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  377. ^ "Poland in Ireland". Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  378. ^ "Irish embassy in Warsaw". Embassyofireland.pl. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  379. ^ "Polish embassy in Dublin". Dublin.polemb.net. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  380. ^ "The Embassy's History". Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  381. ^ "Irish embassy in Lisbon". Embassyofireland.pt. 20 October 2010. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  382. ^ "Brief history". Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  383. ^ "Irish embassy in Bucharest". Embassyofireland.ro. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  384. ^ "Romanian embassy in Dublin". Dublin.mae.ro. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  385. ^ Marshinin. ПОЛИТИчЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ (PDF) (in Russian and English). p. 15. Retrieved 1 November 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  386. ^ "Embassy of Ireland in Moscow". dfa.ie. 2 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  387. ^ "Embassy of the Russian Federation in Dublin". Ireland.ru. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  388. ^ Irish-Soviet diplomatic and friendship relations, 1919–80. Maynooth University. 2014. pp. 20–26.
  389. ^ "Draft of proposed Treaty between the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic and the Republic of Ireland (Copy) May 1920". Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  390. ^ "Trattati Internazionali – Accordi Bilaterali con altri Stati" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  391. ^ "Ирска" (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  392. ^ "Írsko" (in Slovak). Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  393. ^ "Irish embassy in Bratislava". Embassyofireland.sk. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  394. ^ "Prime Minister Robert Fico Sees No Reason to Dismiss Interior Minister Robert Kalinak over Explosives Scandal - Slovakia News - sktoday.com". sktoday.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010.
  395. ^ "Priznanja in diplomatski odnosi" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia (in Slovenian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  396. ^ "Website of the Irish embassy in Ljubljana". Embassyofireland.si. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  397. ^ "Slovenija po osmih letih znova odpira veleposlaništvo na Irskem". RTVSLO.si. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  398. ^ Díosbóireachtaí Párlaiminte: Tuairisc Oifigiúil 65. Oireachtas. 1937. p. 485.
  399. ^ "Irish embassy in Madrid". Irlanda.es. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  400. ^ "Spanish embassy in Dublin". Maec.es. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  401. ^ "Travel Advice in Spain". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  402. ^ "Bilateral Trade between Switzerland and Ireland". Archived from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  403. ^ "Key Data about Ireland". Switzerland Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  404. ^ "European countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  405. ^ "Embassy of Ireland in Ukraine". Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  406. ^ "Ukrainian embassy in Dublin". Mfa.gov.ua. 3 August 2010. Archived from the original on 7 November 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  407. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Information for Great Britain". Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  408. ^ Burke, Céimin; Daly, Adam. "An expression of anger: The burning of the British Embassy in Dublin after Bloody Sunday". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  409. ^ "Prize history | Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize". Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  410. ^ Kennedy, Leslie (22 December 2020). The IRA Assassination of Lord Mountbatten: Facts and Fallout Archived 6 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine. History Channel. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  411. ^ "Ireland – Australia: 70 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  412. ^ "Australia embassy in Dublin". Ireland.embassy.gov.au. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  413. ^ New Zealand External Relations Review (35–36). Ministry of External Relations and Trade of New Zealand. 1985. p. 53. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  414. ^ New Zealand to open embassy in Dublin Archived 24 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Newstalk, 24 March 2017
  415. ^ New Zealand opens Irish embassy in Dublin Archived 24 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Newstalk, 12 November 2018
  416. ^ "Ireland". NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  417. ^ SUM Incorporated. "Lester Pearson's Role in the UN & FAO". Unac.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  418. ^ "What would Scottish independence mean at the UN?" Archived 14 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine, BBC, 10 September 2014
  419. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  420. ^ "Ireland wins seat on UN Security Council". BBC News. 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  421. ^ International Criminal Court: Ireland — retrieved 13 November 2006 Archived 23 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  422. ^ "UNV Online Volunteering Service | Partners". Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  423. ^ "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons". United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  424. ^ UN Peacekeeping, "Total Fatalities since 1948" Archived 19 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Nationality: Ireland. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  425. ^ Defence Forces Service Overseas: List of Missions Archived 15 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine — from the Irish Defence Forces website. Retrieved 13 November 2006.
  426. ^ Overseas Service: Ireland and the United Nations Archived 14 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine — from the Irish Defence Forces website. Retrieved 13 November 2006.
  427. ^ "More calls for Govt to rejoin Commonwealth". Ireland Online News. 15 May 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  428. ^ Feighan, Frank (21 June 2016). "Is it now time for Ireland to consider rejoining the Commonwealth?". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  429. ^ CIA – The World Factbook – Ireland Archived 9 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine — CIA World Factbook entry. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  430. ^ "Budget 2017: State to increase overseas aid spending to €651m". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  431. ^ Ireland's Overseas Aid Increases by 11.4% Archived 27 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine — Irish government press release, 4 April 2006.
  432. ^ Irish Aid: Frequently Asked Questions Archived 27 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine — Irish government website. Retrieved 13 November 2006.
  433. ^ Irish government white paper on aid Archived 27 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine — Irish government white paper, 2006
  434. ^ "Amnesty International – Ireland". Amnesty International. 12 February 1989. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  435. ^ "US Department of State – Human rights in Ireland, 2007". State.gov. 11 March 2008. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2010.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Burgess, Niall. "One hundred years of Irish foreign policy: looking back, looking forwards." Irish Studies in International Affairs 30.1 (2019): 5–11. excerpt
  • Clérigh, Gearóid Ó. "A Changed Approach to Diplomacy: The Department of Foreign Affairs Then and Now." Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 109.434 (2020): 202–208. online Archived 22 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  • Doyle, John. "100 years of Irish Foreign Policy." Irish Studies in International Affairs 30.1 (2019): 1–5. excerpt Archived 7 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  • Doyle, John. "Irish diplomacy on the UN Security Council 2001–2: foreign policy-making in the light of day." Irish Studies in International Affairs 30.1 (2019) online.
  • Fanning, Ronan. "The Anglo-American Alliance and the Irish Application for Membership of the United Nations." Irish Studies in International Affairs 2#2 (1986), pp. 35–61. online Archived 22 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  • Kennedy, Liam. "From the Good Friday Agreement to Brexit: Irish Diaspora Diplomacy in the United States." Routledge International Handbook of Diaspora Diplomacy (Routledge, 2022). 243–254.
  • O'Brien, Ann Marie. "A century of change: The (in) visibility of women in the Irish Foreign Service, 1919–2019." Irish Studies in International Affairs 30.1 (2019): 73–92. excerpt
  • O'Brien, Ann Marie. "Locating women within the Irish Department of External Affairs: a case study of Irish women at the League of Nations and United Nations, 1923–76." Irish Historical Studies 43.163 (2019): 94–110.
  • O'Brien, Ann Marie. "The revolutionary aims of Ireland's forgotten diplomats, 1919–1922." Historical Journal 64.5 (2021): 1332–1354.
  • Ó'Fathartaigh, Mícheál Ó., and Liam Weeks. Birth of a state: the Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish Academic Press. 2021). online review Archived 22 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  • Rees, Nicholas, and John O'Brennan. "The dual crisis in Irish foreign policy: the economic crash and Brexit in a volatile European landscape." Irish Political Studies 34.4 (2019): 595–614, on 21st century.
  • Tonra, Ben. The Europeanisation of national foreign policy: Dutch, Danish and Irish foreign policy in the European Union (Routledge, 2018) online Archived 21 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Whelan, Barry. Ireland's revolutionary diplomat: a biography of Leopold Kerney (University of Notre Dame Press, 2019)
  • Whelan, Bernadette. De Valera and Roosevelt: Irish and American diplomacy in times of crisis, 1932–1939 (Cambridge University Press. 2021). online Archived 21 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]
  • Department of Foreign Affairs official site
    • Irish Treaty Series "All treaties published in the Irish Treaty Series since 2002 are available in pdf format on this site. A limited number of selected treaties published in earlier years is also available"
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ireland&oldid=1264762665"