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Interstate 85 in North Carolina

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This article is about the section of Interstate 85 in North Carolina. For the entire route, see Interstate 85.

Interstate 85 marker
Interstate 85
Map
I-85 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NCDOT
Length231.23 mi[1] (372.13 km)
ExistedAugust 14, 1957[2]–present
HistoryCompleted January 13, 1972[3]
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South end I-85 at the South Carolina line near Blacksburg, SC
Major intersections
North end I-85 at the Virginia line near Bracey, VA
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNorth Carolina
CountiesCleveland, Gaston, Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, Rowan, Davidson, Randolph, Guilford, Alamance, Orange, Durham, Granville, Vance, Warren
Highway system
← NC 84→ NC 86

Interstate 85 (I-85) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs 666.05 miles (1,071.90 km) from Montgomery, Alabama, to Petersburg, Virginia. In the U.S. state of North Carolina, I-85 crosses the entire state from southwest to northeast (though is signed north–south), at the South Carolina state line near Grover to the Virginia state line near Wise. Running for over 231.23 miles (372.13 km), the segment of I-85 is the longest of the five states it passes through and the second-longest Interstate Highway in North Carolina after I-40.[1]

From southwest to northeast, I-85 crosses the large Piedmont region through its course in the state. Within this region, the Interstate connects three of the state's four most populous cities, Charlotte, Greensboro, and Durham. I-85 also serves to connect several smaller communities and suburban cities, such as Gastonia, Salisbury, High Point, and Henderson. Landscapes along the route include rolling hills and gently sloping terrain of the Appalachian Mountains at its southernmost stretch, the urbanized neighborhoods of the Piedmont cities through the center of North Carolina, and flat farmlands in the northeast towards Virginia.

Along its route, the Interstate parallels several other older U.S. Routes for its entire length. It follows US 29 from South Carolina to Greensboro, US 70 from Greensboro to Durham, US 15 from Durham to Oxford, and US 1 from Henderson to Virginia. It shares an extensive concurrency with I-40 from Greensboro to Hillsborough, and has four auxiliary routes: I-285, I-485, I-785, and I-885. The first segment of I-85 to be complete was an 11.3-mile (18.2 km) segment through Mecklenburg County, opened in 1958. Later segments were eventually completed through bonds, contracts, and extensions, with the final segment opening in 1972. Since then, most of the route has been widened and renovated to accommodate rapid growth within the region.

Route description

[edit]
I-85 northbound at the exit for US 29/NC 49 in Charlotte

I-85 is maintained by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) for its entire length in the state and designated as a Blue Star Memorial Highway.[4] The Interstate carries an average annual daily traffic volume of approximately 65,000 vehicles a day; roughly 25–40% of that traffic is commercial vehicles.[5] In 2023, the busiest stretch along the Interstate was from the I-77 interchange to Graham Street in Charlotte, which carried a total of 200,529 vehicles per day.[6] The lowest number was 20,224 vehicles per day at the US 1 interchange near Henderson and Middleburg.[6] I-85 for most of its length in the state is generally a four to eight-lane configuration, with the exception of Durham, where it widens to ten lanes briefly.[7] All of I-85 is a part of the National Highway System, a network of roads important for the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[8][9]

South Carolina to Charlotte

[edit]

I-85 enters Cleveland County, North Carolina from Cherokee County, South Carolina, near the small town of Grover. Most of the Interstate for its first few miles passes through gently rolling terrain and is primarily rural in nature.[10][11] It has its first interchange with NC 216,[12] which provides access to Kings Mountain National Military Park, with a welcome center shortly after.[13][14] Later, the southbound lanes have an exit for US 29, which merges onto I-85 and begins a concurrency. At mile marker 10, the Interstate meets US 74 at a weave interchange and US 29 splits off from I-85 for US 74 east.[15][16]

At this point, I-85 crosses into Gaston County. It enters suburban areas and traffic begins increasing from here.[17] The Interstate then reaches Gastonia and has an exit for NC 274 (Bessemer City Road). Then it has a major interchange with US 321, signed north for Lincolnton and south for the city's main business district.[18] Traffic from US 321 south before 2017 was often congested due to I-85, and a new interchange was developed to help relieve it.[19] Past it, I-85 turns southeast, then east as it goes through more suburban and residential areas of the city.[20][21] Along here, it intersects more state highways serving as Gastonia's main thoroughfares, including NC 7 (Ozark Avenue), NC 279 (New Hope Road), and NC 7 (McAdenville Road/Main Street) again; NC 7 provides access to the town of McAdenville.[22] Just east of McAdenville, I-85 crosses the South Fork River on the William James Pharr Bridge.[23] From here, the Interstate passes through considerably high residential development as it continues on its eastward track to Belmont.[24] The Interstate then has an exit for Belmont at Main Street[25] and passes right off the campus of Belmont Abbey College as it reaches another interchange for Belmont with NC 273 (Beatty Drive) one mile later,[26] then crosses the Catawba River on the Cameron Morrison Bridge, entering Mecklenburg County.[23][27]

Charlotte to Greensboro

[edit]

Right after entering Mecklenburg County, I-85 reaches a weigh station occasionally serving trucks in both directions. Crossing through more suburban development, the Interstate passes right next to the station building for Fox affiliate WJZY. After that, I-85 meets I-485 at a stack interchange. This portion of I-85 is often congested due to the lanes merging into one.[28] Drivers wanting to access I-77 can get off at the interchange, or simply keep driving on I-85 to reach the Charlotte Douglas International Airport. A couple of miles later, I-85 has an exit for the airport via Little Rock Road at a single-point urban interchange (SPUI) and enters the city of Charlotte. It has an interchange with Billy Graham Parkway, as well as two more single-point urban interchanges with NC 27 (Freedom Drive) and NC 16 (Brookshire Boulevard).[7][29]

I-85 then directly intersects with I-77 and US 21 at mile marker 38 with a hybrid interchange containing several flyover ramps.[30] It then traverses the northern part of Charlotte, and the routing through this portion, while it does not serve the central business district of the city directly, does pass through largely suburban and urbanized areas near Uptown.[7][31] More interchanges with minor but significant thoroughfares through the city such as Graham Street, Sugar Creek Road, and North Tryon Street appear.[32][33] Here, I-85 turns northward and enters the University City area. it meets NC 24 (Harris Boulevard) in this stretch, crosses Mallard Creek, and has an interchange with I-485 again, this time at a turbine interchange.[34]

I-85 southbound in Concord near the I-485 interchange

I-85 then crosses into Cabarrus County, immediately entering the city of Concord and dense commercial development. It passes exit 49 (Bruton Smith Boulevard/Concord Mills Boulevard), which provides access for several major attractions such as the Concord Mills Mall and Charlotte Motor Speedway.[35][36] Several miles later, it has a diverging diamond interchange with NC 73 and then crosses Coddle Creek.[37] It meets US 29 a second time as well as US 601 nearing Kannapolis, the exit of which US 29 provides access to the North Carolina Research Campus.[38] US 601 merges onto I-85, forming another concurrency as the two routes continue northward and meet a rest area. The highway runs to the south of Kannapolis with several exits available,[39] then the road crosses the Cold Water Creek, which parallels the highway, before entering Rowan County.[40] Passing through a mix of suburban and rural development, the highway approaches Salisbury and US 601 splits from I-85 at exit 75 for Jake Alexander Boulevard.[41] The Interstate then enters Salisbury where it meets US 52 at exit 76 with a single-point urban interchange.[42] US 52 merges onto I-85 and the highway exits Salisbury. At Spencer, I-85/US 52 enters Davidson County and crosses the Yadkin River on the Yadkin River Veterans Memorial Bridge.[43] The route then meets with US 29, US 70, and NC 150 near the unincorporated community of Linwood at an unusual interchange. The interchange allows for direct access to NC 150 northbound and US 29/US 70 southbound.[44] US 29 and US 70 converge with I-85/US 52 for a very brief distance, about two miles (3.2 km), before I-85 reaches an interchange that is accessible northbound only: I-285. At this point, all three U.S. Highways that overlapped I-85 leave the Interstate, with I-85 continuing on its own again.[45][46]

After the interchange, I-85 passes underneath the bridge, turning slightly east for one mile (1.6 km), and intersects NC 47 (Hargrave Road).[47] Because the previous exit is northbound-only, drivers going southbound must use NC 47 to access I-285.[48] After its interchange with NC 8 (Cotton Grove Road), which is the main exit for Lexington,[47][49] I-85 enters a large forest and crosses Abbotts Creek,[50] then has an interchange with US 64. Past Holly Grove Road, the northbound lanes cut under the southbound lanes and cross Hamby Creek, diverting traffic to the left side of the road.[7][51] The reversed lanes of I-85 then pass over Squire Bowers Road and reach a rest area, as well as access to the North Carolina Vietnam Veterans Memorial Park.[52] Once the reversed lanes of the Interstate cross Johnsontown Road, the northbound lanes pass above the southbound lanes and return to the normal direction (right side of the road).[7][53][54]

I-85 southbound at exit 113 for I-74 and NC 62

The forest gradually thins out and gives way to the city of Thomasville, where I-85 meets NC 109.[55] It crosses into Randolph County as it enters the city of Archdale and intersects NC 62.[56] I-85 enters High Point and has a parclo interchange with I-74 and the former routing of US 311. The exits are signed east for Asheboro and west for Winston-Salem. I-85 then passes through another forest with more trees lining the median and crosses the Randolph and Guilford branches of the Richland Creek as it enters Guilford County.[7][57][58] Just outside Greensboro, it has a southbound interchange with US 29 (and the former routing of US 70) again.[59] US 29 forms a brief concurrency with I-85 before the route enters suburban areas once more and reaches a very large and complex interchange with Groometown Road, Grandover Parkway, I-73, US 220, and US 421.[60] US 29 splits off through the interchange, while US 421 joins I-85 from I-73 in a wrong-way concurrency. Because I-85 was rerouted around Greensboro after February 2004, it now follows the southern half of the Greensboro Urban Loop.[61][62]

Greensboro to Durham

[edit]

Leaving the massive interchange, I-85/US 421 stays connected for just four miles (6.4 km) before US 421 departs the concurrency at exit 126 to head southeast for Sanford. Meanwhile, I-85 maintains its northeastward track and passes by a couple more exits before reaching I-785 (its third auxiliary route), I-40, and I-840, the former and latter of which have their southern and eastern terminus at I-85 respectively.[63] I-40 merges onto I-85 and the two routes share a rather long concurrency which travels entirely east–west for 31 miles (50 km). I-40/I-85 enters more industrial areas and meets NC 61 before entering Alamance County. It travels right through the heart of Burlington and large commercial areas upon mile marker 141, intersecting several of the city's main state highways, including NC 62 again, NC 49, NC 87, and NC 54, then crosses the Haw River.[64][65] Past a diverging diamond interchange with NC 119 (Mebane-Oaks Road), the highway enters Orange County and reaches another truck weigh station. I-40 then splits off southeast from I-85 to serve Chapel Hill, the southern portion of Durham and downtown Raleigh while I-85 continues eastward towards northern Durham.[66]

I-85 northbound passing through Durham

The following interchanges of I-85 before Durham County are rather substandard in quality due to the Interstate retaining its original narrow design of four lanes.[67] It meets NC 86 and later US 70, which forms another concurrency once again before entering Durham County.[68] At mile marker 172, it meets the northern terminus of NC 147 (Durham Freeway), which connects to downtown Durham.[69] I-85/US 70 then reaches the main city center, becoming somewhat urban in nature.[70] It then has an interchange with US 15 and US 501, which both also join the concurrency. The highway passes a diamond interchange with NC 157 (Guess Road), and then US 501 splits off at Duke Street to head north.[71] The other three highways continue on their way before meeting the western terminus of NC 55 (Avondale Drive). Just before exiting Durham, US 70 departs the concurrency as well to head east alongside I-85's fourth and final auxiliary route, I-885 (Durham East End Connector),[72] for the Raleigh–Durham International Airport and Raleigh itself while I-85 and US 15 remain connected together.[73]

Durham to Virginia

[edit]
I-85 northbound at its split with US 158

North of Durham, I-85/US 15 passes several more minor interchanges before entering Granville County and suburban areas. The landscape gives way to rural areas and yet another forest as the highway makes its way across Falls Lake.[7][74] US 15 departs I-85 at mile marker 186 to serve the town and city of Butner and Creedmoor respectively, whereas I-85 bypasses these areas but still contains some exits leading to Butner.[75] From here to Oxford, US 15 parallels I-85. The Interstate then intersects NC 56 outside of Butner and continues to make its way through the forest for about 10 miles (16 km) without any other interchanges.[76] I-85 then crosses the Tar River and comes to another rest area.[77] It meets US 15 at another interchange just near mile marker 202 nearing Oxford. Interchanges with NC 96 and US 158 immediately follow, then I-85 cuts into Vance County.[78]

It immediately reaches the city limits of Henderson before meeting up with US 158 (Dabney Drive), and US 158 merges on I-85 to follow a short concurrency with it. The highway intersects NC 39, the main exit for Henderson, then US 158 splits off from the concurrency shortly after. At mile marker 218, I-85 has a southbound exit for US 1, which begins paralleling it for the rest of the Interstate's length through the state.[79] I-85 passes just west of Middleburg and has a parclo interchange with US 1/US 158 (Flemingtown Road) for the town of Norlina.[80] I-85 then enters its final county in the state, Warren County. Before long, it bypasses Manson and continues to go through generally flat farmland and bumpy terrain with no development along the road.[7][81] Just before leaving North Carolina, I-85 has its final interchange in the state with US 1 and the northern terminus of US 401 near the unincorporated community of Wise, with the southbound lanes then having an exit for the welcome center.[82] Shortly after this, it exits North Carolina and crosses the state line into Mecklenburg County, Virginia.[83]

Dedicated and memorial names

[edit]
Sign dedicating the Blue Star Memorial Highway along I-85 in Davidson County
Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Transportation Gene Conti and NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon unveiling a sign for the Jeff Gordon Expressway

I-85 in North Carolina features a few dedicated or memorialized stretches of freeway. The entire length of the Interstate is known as the Blue Star Memorial Highway, approved on May 5, 1967.[84][85] Through Gaston County, the name of I-85 is known as the Senator Marshall Arthur Rauch Highway, being signed on October 3, 1997.[85] Between the I-77/US 21 interchange and the I-85 Connector (exit 42) in Charlotte, the route is known as the Julius Chambers Highway, named in honor of Julius L. Chambers.[86][87] From Charlotte to the Mecklenburg/Cabarrus county line, the route is known as the Jeff Gordon Expressway after NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon.[88] This section of the highway was signed on May 25, 2012.[89][90][91][92] From mile marker 92 to 96, the Interstate is known as the Bob Timberlake Freeway after the artist of the same name.[93][94] On mile marker 96 to 102, I-85 is known as the Richard Childress Freeway after the NASCAR driver.[95][96] At Alamance Church Road (exit 128) to the I-40 interchange (exit 131), I-85 is known as the Congressman J. Howard Coble Highway, signed on December 1, 2016, after Howard Coble, who represented North Carolina's 6th congressional district for over 30 years.[97][98][99] From the Guilford−Alamance county line to east of NC 54 in Graham, I-85, concurrent with I-40, is known as the Sam Hunt Freeway, named after R. Samuel Hunt, a representative for North Carolina's 25th House district as well as the Secretary for NCDOT. This designation was approved on September 5, 1997.[85][100] From Cole Mill Road (exit 173) to its interchange with US 70 (exit 178) in Durham, I-85, concurrent with US 70, is known as the Dr. John H. Franklin Highway, named after John Hope Franklin, an American historian and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. This name was approved on October 5, 2017.[101][102] Between Flemingtown Road (exit 220) to the Vance/Warren county line, the Interstate is known as the Andrea L. Harris Highway after Andrea Harris, a civil rights activist from the state. This designation was approved on December 15, 2023, by Governor Roy Cooper.[103][104]

I-85 also has two dedicated bridges it crosses, both in Gaston County. The bridge which the Interstate crosses over the South Fork River, a branch of the Catawba River, is known as the William James Pharr Bridge, named after William James Pharr Sr., a mayor of McAdenville for over 25 years. This was approved on August 5, 1994.[85][105] The bridge which I-85 crosses over the main Catawba River between Gaston and Mecklenburg counties is known as the Cameron Morrison Bridge, which was named after Cameron A. Morrison, the 55th governor of North Carolina and known as the Good Roads Governor. It was signed on March 11, 1983.[85][106] Despite the naming of the bridge, it has sparked controversy due to Morrison being remembered for leading the Red Shirts group.[107] NCDOT has not announced any new petitions to change the name, but explained that applications could be considered.[108]

History

[edit]

Predecessor highways

[edit]
The route of the "Great Trading Path" passes through roughly the same terrain that I-85 also travels along today.

The path that would eventually be developed into I-85 existed as a long trail running from Petersburg, Virginia all the way to Augusta, Georgia with a distance of over 500 miles (800 km), known as the "Great Trading Path". Most of this land was unexplored, with animals mainly traveling along it. American Indians had unique ways to mark their path by tying the sapling of a tree into a knot. Because of this, the top of the tree would always point to the correct direction. Although the tree was located somewhere within the territory of the present Cherokee tribe, authorities determined that the tree was located on or near the Great Trading Path within this area.[109] The path, lesser known as the "Occaneechi Path", was mainly traversed by the two Siouan tribes, the Saponi and Occaneechi, often trading with the Cherokee and Catawba tribes, both of whom were enemies at the time. While the path was rather narrow and made by animals, it later became much easier to navigate through. Starting with the Europeans' arrival in the 1670s, the fur trade boomed and increased the demand for furs, leading the trail to become a wagon road in the 1740s.[110]

Beginning in what was then known as Fort Henry and now is Petersburg, the travelers made their way into the state through the land now part of Granville County. This trail went through the counties of which I-85 would pass through, and the travelers eventually met the tribal groups that would form the names of several of the state's areas.[109] The trail then made its way across the Tar, Haw, Uwharrie, and Yadkin rivers, most of them paralleling I-85. Upon reaching what would become Charlotte, the trail then split in two, with one of them heading for Columbia and the other towards Cherokee land near present-day Augusta. In 1670, John Lederer became the first European to explore the trail and describe it in his writings.[110] In 1700, explorer John Lawson began his journey through the path. The trip took 59 days and covered a distance of over 550 miles (890 km).[111] In 1799, when William Whedbee Kirkland built his house, Ayr Mount, the Great Trading Path had become a major thoroughfare through the state, with lots of cargo being transported. The amount of commerce brought through the route continued into the present day, where the road would then become known as I-85.[112]

Initial design and construction

[edit]
I-40/I-85 through Burlington

Parts of I-85 were already constructed before federal aid was available in the 1950s, as the state had been constructing sections of the Interstate Highway System since 1949. The Lexington Bypass north of Lexington—which at the time was signed US 29 and US 70—is now a part of I-85 Bus.[113] This was part of an 80-mile (130 km) expressway completed in 1955 between Lexington and Hillsborough.[114] One planned road was the Salisbury Bypass, 15 miles (24 km) long with a $1-million (equivalent to $8.88 million in 2023[115]) 880-foot (270 m) twin-span bridge over the Yadkin River. Construction on the bridge started in 1955 (this date is shown on a plaque, and most sources have used the date), but the lanes were not as wide as federal standards required, and the road had a sharp curve north of the bridge. Both of these characteristics saved money, and the bridge, finished a year earlier, was grandfathered despite not meeting standards.[116] The very first stretch of I-85 would later be completed, an 11.3-mile (18.2 km) segment through Mecklenburg County. Known as the "Charlotte Bypass" at the time, this portion of the Interstate was fully opened to traffic on September 9, 1958.[113] At the time, I-85 only served as a bypass of Charlotte, and was also referred to as the "US 29 bypass". Since I-85 was nothing more than a few segments of eleven and twelve-mile stretches, service stations were not far away by any means. Green guide signs were also erected to warn of any upcoming access roads ahead in case travelers would want to exit off the Interstate. To mitigate stress and panic, the common I-85 interstate shield with the colors red, white, and blue would occasionally show up to keep drivers relaxed, calm, and figuring out which way they were going.[117]

In 1960, I-85 underwent major renovations, with its first finished section in that year being an 18-mile (29 km) segment within Vance and Warren counties, with the next segment after that being a 46-mile (74 km) section between West Durham and Greensboro opening to traffic that year. A portion of US 29/US 70 also became I-85 after grade separations and access control were completed and secured. Before the end of the year, several other sections of I-85 were also completed and opened, with a 14-mile (23 km) section of the "Charlotte Bypass", a 15.4-mile segment of the Salisbury Bypass, a 13.8-mile segment between Greensboro and Whitsett, an 18.3-mile segment between Henderson and the Virginia line, and the last section being a 22.2-mile segment between Whitsett and Efland.[113] A section of I-85 from the end of the "Charlotte Bypass" to the NC 273 interchange near Belmont was planned to open on December 1 by the end of the year. This section of the Interstate had an estimated cost of $3 million with a length of approximately 4.7 miles (7.6 km) and ended at NC 273. While the pavement at the interchange had been laid, traffic lights were not installed at the junction with Wilkinson Boulevard yet.[118] The proposal was indefinitely delayed later on due to complications. Although the interchange was mostly complete, construction was still progressing on the south side of the intersection with traffic lights still to be installed. In addition, cold weather had also played a role in the delay.[119] However, on January 17, 1961, this link of I-85 between Charlotte and Belmont opened to traffic at approximately 3:30 pm. To control traffic flow, special ultra-sonic vehicle detectors were placed over the Interstate. They were the first vehicle detectors to be used in the North Carolina highway system, and the detectors would count the number of vehicles and regulate the traffic lights along the interchange to allow proper traffic safety. The Interstate would later on continue towards the South Carolina state line by avoiding Gastonia to the north.[120]

On December 9, 1963, the County Commissioner of the state received a letter notifying that the Gastonia link of I-85 would be set for dedication on January 10. This link of I-85 would allow drivers to bypass Franklin Boulevard, the main street through the city, which was often congested and avoid over 22 traffic lights along the road.[121] On January 10, 1964, the dedication of the I-85 link officially began with federal highway administrator Rex M. Whitton giving a rather short dedication speech. He noted that this link of I-85 was part of 107 miles (172 km) of the entire Interstate's length in North Carolina. A ribbon-cutting ceremony then commenced with Whitton and his wife being driven to a ribbon. Upon snipping the ribbon, it officially opened this segment of I-85 that would skirt around the northern portion of Gastonia.[122] By 1965, I-85 from the South Carolina border to Charlotte was complete, while it took until 1970 for the section between Charlotte and Durham to be completed. However, the "Temporary 85" designation would remain on the segment between Lexington and Greensboro until 1984 because there were too many access roads. That year, a new six-lane section opened, resulting in the "Temporary 85" designation to be dropped. The Interstate had a total mileage of 133.6 miles (215.0 km) through the state, which was more than any other Interstate in North Carolina at the time.[123]

From 1969 to 1972, several more segments of I-85 were opened to traffic. On December 22, 1969, an 11.4-mile (18.3 km) section from China Grove to Concord was opened, allowing traffic to use it, with the commission adding that around the next year, another 8.6-mile (13.8 km) portion of the highway from Concord to Mecklenburg County as well as a connector to Charlotte would also be completed.[124] The stretch of I-85 from Henderson to the Virginia state line, a distance of approximately 3.1 miles (5.0 km) opened to traffic on December 2, 1970, with a cost of $2 million. However, the segment of I-85 in Durham was still under development, but would open in December 1971, closing the I-85 gap.[125] On December 15, 1970, governor Bob Scott announced that about a year from then, all of I-85 would be completed in the state except for a stretch between Greensboro and Lexington. Scott also announced that by June, the remaining 8 miles (13 km) of the Interstate in North Carolina would be opened. Explaining that the Henderson bypass was finished and the "missing link" from Durham to Henderson was still in construction but opens the year after, he noted that just 20 miles (32 km) of Interstate Highway built in a state costed a total of $19 million, or about $1 million every mile, but explained that interstate highways were much safer than regular highways.[126]

Through September 1971, another 7-mile (11 km) section of I-85 from Oxford to Henderson was open, which left a 12.5-mile (20.1 km) portion of the highway from the Neuse River to Oxford remaining and under construction. Another 35-mile (56 km) segment of the highway from Greensboro to Salisbury was undergoing an environmental study and not planned to be let to contract yet.[127] On January 13, 1972, a 16-mile (26 km) stretch of I-85 north of Durham was completed and opened. Costing approximately $16 million, this stretch of the highway was often nicknamed "the missing link," considered as one of the deadliest roads in the state. The opening resulted in most of I-85 being interstate standard and four-laned. Initially in December 1970, the 2.3-mile (3.7 km) stretch in Henderson as well as the 11-mile (18 km) segment from Oxford to Henderson costed a total of $30 million, which was a part of the "missing link" segment of the Interstate. The opening of the section joined all sections north of Durham, resulting in a trip taking approximately 35 minutes from the city to Henderson. The completion of I-85 in this area officially connected the Interstate as a 235-mile (378 km) route through North Carolina.[128][129]

Projects and later history

[edit]

Since its completion, many widening projects have been undertaken on I-85, particularly along the stretch of highway between Gastonia and Durham. On December 19, 1958, a highway fencing project during the Interstate's construction began to experiment with safety along the highway. As the first fencing project in the state, the contract price, done by the Butler Brothers of Greensboro, was estimated at a total of $103,000. Authorities announced that the fence would be worth the price if it would help cut down the number of accidents along the Interstate. Both sides–north and southbound–would have fencing extend a total of about 18 miles (29 km). Fencing would not be required if the highway passed over steep cuts or high fills. There were two types of fencing that would be used. Near interchanges and through cities, heavy chain-link fencing would be placed. On the northern and western ends, woven wire fastened to wooden posts would have barbed wire both top and bottom. The project was estimated to use over 47,000 feet (14,000 m) of chain-link and 55,000 feet (17,000 m) of woven wire.[130] In December 1971, a study was planned to try and remedy traffic along the corridor after 3 traffic jams occurred at Greensboro, Burlington, and through US 15. Commissioner Cliff Benson announced that an extension of I-40 could be done along a southern route between Durham and Raleigh. Another solution that was thought of was if I-85 could be widened to six lanes between Greensboro and Durham. Problems arose, however, due to the fact that if an Interstate was completed, it would be the state's responsibility to maintain the corridor. Due to this, engineers said that the widening of I-85 would possibly only be completed around 1976 or 1978.[131]

By 1988, widening I-85 to six lanes from Greensboro to Burlington was being considered.[132] The plan was later changed to eight lanes.[133] The $175-million (equivalent to $374 million in 2023[115]) project began in 1989. With the opening of a 2.3-mile (3.7 km) section in Alamance County on November 23, 1994, 21 miles (34 km) of I-85/I-40 were eight lanes. An additional 14 miles (23 km) were to be ready by 1996, giving the Interstate eight lanes to where I-40 turned southward at Hillsborough.[134] In addition, I-85 was relocated in 2004, south of Greensboro, forming part of the Greensboro Urban Loop, allowing through traffic to bypass that city's downtown area.[135] Between 2004 and 2008, I-85 was widened to eight lanes around Salisbury.[116] From May 2010 through April 2014, I-85 was widened from four to eight lanes between exit 49 (near Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills) and exit 55.[136]

Following the completion of the widening of I-85 from milemarker 49 to 55, a new project was started to widen I-85 from exit 55 (NC 73) in Concord, Cabarrus County northward to exit 68 (NC 152) in the town of China Grove. Like the prior project, I-85 is being doubled in capacity, expanding from two travel lanes in each direction to four travel lanes in each direction. The project is now complete as of May 2021. The first phase (from exit 55 to exit 63) began in early 2014, and the second phase (from exit 63 to exit 68) began in early 2017.[137] Construction was completed by December 2017, which left I-85 with at least six lanes of highway between exits 10 (US 29 north/US 74—Kings Mountain and Shelby) and 164 (I-40 in Hillsborough).[138] Around November 2021, a new project by NCDOT called the "Integrated Corridor Management System" began along I-85 in Mecklenburg and Gaston counties. The project used cameras, electronic signs, and traffic lights that were remote-controlled. This also involved upgrading 94 traffic lights, adding two signs, and placing 11 cameras into the system to help predict any potential accident.[139][140] In 2024, from the US 321 interchange to I-485 through Gaston and Mecklenburg counties, due to congestion along the Interstate, the lanes are being widened to accommodate larger amounts of traffic.[141]

I-85 Corridor Improvement Project

[edit]
Crews performing work on the Yadkin River bridge for the Corridor Improvement Project

The I-85 Corridor Improvement Project, located in Rowan and Davidson counties, was a two-phase project to replace the narrow bridge over the Yadkin River and widen the freeway from four to eight lanes.[142] In the first phase, all traffic from the old bridge moved to a new $201-million (equivalent to $264 million in 2023[115]) bridge in August 2012. The second phase of the project involved widening the northern segment of I-85 to a length of 3.8 miles (6.1 km).[116] On March 9, 2013, all eight lanes of the I-85 bridge opened to the public.[143] The project finished eight months ahead of schedule and $44 million (equivalent to $57.7 million in 2023[115]) under budget.[144] In addition to this, it also included placing 1.2 million cubic yards of embankment material, install 4 new miles of storm drainage, and ready about 320,000 square yards of road to add new pavement on it. Storm water would also be controlled by adding and modifying over 1,000 erosion control features.[145] Other features of construction included temporary ramps to make the process of building the inner lanes easier. Trucks were also required to use these ramps to reduce the number of truckloads that were along the Interstate. Upon completion of the project, this resulted in the Belmont Road interchange (exit 86) being reconstructed and the Clark Road interchange (exit 85) being closed permanently.[146]

Incidents

[edit]

A study by GPS tracking company Teletrac determined that I-85 in North Carolina was one of the deadliest and most dangerous roads to travel on in Charlotte, ranking 15th out of 30. The Interstate was estimated to have over 0.613 deaths per mile of highway, with over 408 deaths over its entire length, and the most common month being May.[147]

The most deadly accident to ever occur along I-85 was in Salisbury, when a family from Maryland was traveling to South Carolina for vacation on July 8, 1995. Three members of the family were killed in the accident involving five cars. 11 others, including 5 children, were badly injured and taken to the hospital for treatment.[148] On May 31, 2023, a large tractor-trailer hit and damaged the NC 86 bridge (exit 165) over I-85. While the crash did not cause any damage to I-85 itself, the southbound lanes were closed for several days to repair and maintain the bridge while directing traffic along the interchange ramps.[149]

Exit list

[edit]
CountyLocationmi[150]kmExitDestinations[151]Notes
ClevelandGrover0.000.00
 I-85 south – Spartanburg		Continuation from South Carolina
​1.82.92 NC 216 – Kings Mountain National Military Park
​3.65.84
 US 29 south		Southern end of US 29 concurrency; southbound exit and northbound entrance
​4.87.75Kings Mountain Blvd / Dixon School RoadTo be converted into diverging diamond interchange[152]
Kings Mountain7.612.28 NC 161 – Kings Mountain
Gaston10.016.110A

 US 29 north / US 74 east		Northern end of US 29 concurrency
​10B
 US 74 west – Kings Mountain, Shelby
Bessemer City12.820.613Edgewood Road – Bessemer City
Gastonia14.523.314 NC 274 – East Bessemer City, West Gastonia
17.027.417 US 321 – Gastonia, LincolntonSigned as exits 17A (south) and 17B (north) southbound
19.030.619 NC 7 – East Gastonia
19.731.720 NC 279 (New Hope Road) – Dallas
20.633.221Cox Road – Ranlo
Lowell22.335.922Main Street – Cramerton, Lowell
23.237.323 NC 7 – Lowell, McAdenville
Belmont25.741.426Belmont–Mount Holly Road – Belmont, Mount HollyTo Belmont Abbey College
26.943.327 NC 273 – Belmont, Mount Holly
Catawba RiverCameron Morrison Bridge
Mecklenburg​29.447.329Sam Wilson RoadTo U.S. National Whitewater Center
​30.348.830
 I-485 to I-77 – Pineville, Huntersville		Signed southbound as exits 30B (north/inner) and 30A (south/outer); I-485 exit 10
Charlotte32.051.532 Little Rock Road – CLT AirportSingle-point urban interchange
33.253.433Billy Graham Parkway (Charlotte Route 4) – Farmers MarketTo Billy Graham Library
34.755.834 NC 27 (Freedom Drive) / Tuckaseegee RoadSingle-point urban interchange at NC 27; Tuckaseegee Road only directly accessible northbound
35.457.035Glenwood Drive
36.258.336

 NC 16 (Brookshire Boulevard) to US 74 east – Downtown Charlotte		Single-point urban interchange
37.860.837Beatties Ford Road – Johnson C. Smith University
38.261.538 I-77 / US 21 – Statesville, ColumbiaHybrid interchange; I-77 exits 13A-B; southbound exit ramp and northbound entrance ramp include access to/from I-77 Express Lanes south
38.862.439Statesville Avenue / Statesville Road
40.565.240Graham Street
41.366.541Sugar Creek Road (Charlotte Route 4)
42.368.142

 To US 29 / NC 49 (N. Tryon Street)		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; access via I-85 Connector
43.069.243
 University City Boulevard to NC 49 / Ikea Boulevard
44.571.645 NC 24 (W.T. Harris Boulevard)Signed as exits 45A (east) and 45B (west)
46.274.446Mallard Creek Church RoadSigned northbound as exits 46A (east) and 46B (west)
47.576.448

 I-485 to I-77 north – Huntersville, Matthews		Turbine interchange; I-77 not signed northbound; I-485 exit 30
CabarrusConcord49.279.249Bruton Smith Boulevard / Concord Mills BoulevardTo Concord Mills and Charlotte Motor Speedway
51.883.452Poplar Tent RoadDiverging diamond interchange[153]
53.686.354George W. Liles Parkway / Kannapolis ParkwayTo North Carolina Research Campus and Atrium Health Ballpark
55.088.555 NC 73 – Concord, HuntersvilleTo Rowan-Cabarrus Community College South Campus; DDI[154]
58.093.358
 US 29 / US 601 south – Kannapolis, Concord		Southern end of US 601 concurrency; to North Carolina Research Campus; DDI
Kannapolis59.996.460Dale Earnhardt Boulevard / Copperfield BoulevardSigned as exits 60A (Copperfield) and 60B (Dale Earnhardt) northbound
62.5100.663Lane Street – Kannapolis
RowanLandis65.0104.665Old Beatty Ford Road – LandisOpened November 14, 2019[155]
China Grove68.0109.468
 NC 152 to US 29 – China Grove, Rockwell
Salisbury70.4113.370Webb Road
71.5115.171Peeler Road
72.3116.472Peach Orchard Road
73.7118.674Julian Road
74.5119.975
 US 601 north (Jake Alexander Boulevard)		Northern end of US 601 concurrency; to Rowan–Cabarrus CC North Campus
76.0122.376
 US 52 south (Innes Street) – Albemarle, Salisbury		Southern end of US 52 concurrency; formerly signed as exits 76A (south) and 76B (north)
East Spencer79.0127.179Andrews Street – Spencer, East Spencer
Spencer80.4129.481Long Ferry Road – Spencer
Yadkin River82.2132.3Yadkin River Veterans Memorial Bridge
Davidson​82.7133.182


 US 29 south / US 70 west / NC 150 east – Spencer		Permanently closed as of April 2010[142][156][157][158]
​83.1133.783 NC 150Permanently closed as of May 2013[142][157][158]
​83.4134.284


 US 29 south / US 70 west to NC 150 – Spencer		Southern end of US 29/US 70 concurrency
​84.4135.885Clark RoadPermanently closed as of November 2012[159]
​85.5137.686Belmont Road
Lexington87.2140.387

 I-285 north / US 52 north (US 29 north / US 70 east) – Lexington, Winston-Salem		Northern end of US 29/US 52/US 70 concurrency; northbound exit and southbound entrance
88.0141.688



 NC 47 (Hargrave Road) to I-285 north / US 52 north		I-285/US 52 not signed northbound
91.1146.691 NC 8 – Lexington, Southmont
93.7150.894Old US 64
96.0154.596 US 64 – Asheboro, Lexington
Thomasville101.5163.3102Lake Road
103.4166.4103 NC 109 – Thomasville
RandolphTrinity105.5169.8106Finch Farm Road
107.5173.0108Hopewell Church Road – Trinity
Archdale111.0178.6111Main Street – Archdale, Downtown High Point
Guilford112.7181.4113A NC 62 – ArchdaleSouthbound access via C/D lanes originating from I-74 exit
113.4182.5113B-C I-74 – Asheboro, Winston-SalemSigned as exits 113B (east) and 113C (west); I-74 exit 71B
Greensboro118.1190.1118
 US 29 south – High Point		Southern end of US 29 concurrency
119.5192.3119Groometown Road to Grandover ParkwayNorthbound exit and southbound entrance; US 29 exit 33A; I-73 exit 97C
120.0193.1120A


 US 29 north to I-73 south – Greensboro		Northern end of US 29 concurrency; northbound exit and southbound entrance
120.4193.8120B

 I-73 north / US 421 north – Winston-Salem, Martinsville		Western end of US 421 concurrency; signed as exit 121 southbound; I-73 exit 97B
121.7195.9122
 I-73 south / US 220 – Asheboro, Greensboro		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; signed as exits 122B (south) and 122C (north); I-73 exit 95A; US 220 exit 95B
123.7199.1124South Elm–Eugene Street
126.0202.8126A
 US 421 south – Sanford		Eastern end of US 421 concurrency
126BGreensboro
128.2206.3128Alamance Church Road
130.2209.5129Youngs Mill Road
131.9212.3131Northbound:



I-785 north / I-840 west to I-40 west – Greensboro, Danville
Southbound:




I-40 west to I-785 north / I-840 west – Greensboro, Winston-Salem		Western end of I-40 overlap; southern terminus of I-785 and eastern terminus of I-840; I-40 exit 227
​132.6213.4132Mount Hope Church Road
Whitsett136.3219.4135Rock Creek Dairy Road
138.6223.1138 NC 61 – Gibsonville
AlamanceBurlington141.5227.7140University Drive – ElonTo Elon University
142.5229.3141Huffman Mill Road
144.2232.1143 NC 62 – Downtown Burlington, Alamance
146.3235.4145 NC 49 – Downtown Burlington, Liberty
Graham148.0238.2147 NC 87 – Graham, Pittsboro
149.0239.8148 NC 54 – Chapel Hill, Carrboro
Haw River150.8242.7150Jimmie Kerr Road – Haw River, Roxboro
Mebane153.2246.6152Trollingwood Road
154.0247.8153 NC 119 – Mebane
155.5250.3154Mebane–Oaks Road – Mebane
Orange​158.2254.6157Buckhorn Road
Efland161.3259.6160Mount Willing Road – Efland
161.9260.6161



 NC 86 Truck north to US 70 east		Western end of NC 86 Truck concurrency
Hillsborough164.0263.9163
 I-40 east – Raleigh		Eastern end of I-40 concurrency; I-40 exit 259
165.2265.9164Hillsborough
166.5268.0165

 NC 86 Truck ends / NC 86 – Chapel Hill, Hillsborough		Eastern end of NC 86 Truck concurrency
Eno170.8274.9170



 US 70 west / US 70 Bus. east to NC 751 – Duke University		Southern end of US 70 concurrency; to Bennett Place
DurhamDurham173.3278.9172
 NC 147 south – Downtown Durham, Research Triangle Park		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; to North Carolina Central University
174.2280.3173Cole Mill Road
174.7281.2174A




 US 15 south / US 501 south to US 70 Bus. / NC 751 / Hillsborough Road – Chapel Hill		Southern end of US 15/US 501 concurrency; southbound exit and northbound entrance
175.3282.1174BHillandale Road
176.0283.2175 NC 157 (Guess Road)To NC School of Science & Math and Duke Homestead
177.2285.2176
 US 501 north (Duke Street) / Gregson Street – Roxboro		Northern end of US 501 concurrency; signed northbound as exits 176A (Gregson Street) and 176B (Roxboro)
178.2286.8177



 US 15 Bus. south / US 501 Bus. (Roxboro Street) / NC 55 east (Avondale Drive)		To North Carolina Central University
179.2288.4178

 I-885 south / US 70 east – RDU Airport, Raleigh		Eastern end of US 70 concurrency; I-885 exit 13; northern terminus of I-885
180.6290.6179E. Club Boulevard
181.3291.8180Glenn School Road
Gorman183.0294.5182Red Mill Road
184.5296.9183Redwood Road
Granville​186.7300.5186
 US 15 north – Creedmoor, Butner		Northern end of US 15 concurrency; signed northbound as exits 186A (US 15) and 186B (Butner)
Butner189.7305.3189Gate Two Road – Butner
192.0309.0191 NC 56 – Butner, Creedmoor
​202.8326.4202 US 15 – Oxford, Clarksville
Oxford205.1330.1204 NC 96 – Oxford
207.5333.9206 US 158 – Oxford, Roxboro
Vance​210.6338.9209Poplar Creek RoadTo Vance–Granville Community College
Henderson213.0342.8212Ruin Creek Road
214.0344.4213

 US 158 Byp. west / Dabney Drive		Western end of US 158 concurrency
215.5346.8214 NC 39 – Downtown Henderson
216.4348.3215

 US 158 Byp. east / Parham Road		Eastern end of US 158 concurrency
218.0350.8217Satterwhite Point RoadTo Satterwhite Point
219.0352.4218
 US 1 south – Raleigh		Southbound exit and northbound entrance
Middleburg221.0355.7220 US 1 / US 158 / Flemingtown Road – Norlina
WarrenManson224.5361.3223Manson-Drewry Road
​226.8365.0226Ridgeway-Drewry Road
​229.7369.7229Oine Road
​233.8376.3233 US 1 / US 401 – Warrenton, LouisburgNorthern terminus of US 401
​234.6377.6
 I-85 north – Petersburg		Continuation into Virginia
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
[edit]

There are four auxiliary routes and one business loop in the state. I-285 runs concurrently with US 52 connecting I-85 to I-40 in the Winston-Salem metropolitan area.[160] I-485 forms a beltway around Charlotte, serving as a bypass for I-85 and I-77.[161][162] I-785 serves as a spur route, forming a portion of the eastern part of the Greensboro Urban Loop and in the future will connect to Danville, Virginia.[163] I-885 connects I-85 to I-40 in the Durham area.[164]

I-85 Bus. served as a partial controlled-access highway, bypassing Lexington, Thomasville, and going through central High Point, along with an extended stretch bypassing downtown Greensboro. The route was decommissioned in 2019, with signage for I-85 Bus. remaining until 2024, however.[165]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on September 19, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  2. ^ Public Roads Administration (August 14, 1957). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as Adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). Washington, DC: Public Roads Administration. Retrieved June 14, 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  3. ^ Wilson, Lynn (January 14, 1972). "Missing Link Opens, Ending a Deadly Era". Durham Morning Herald. p. 1A. Retrieved September 25, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ North Carolina Department of Transportation (May 12, 2024). "Blue Star Memorial Highways Fact Sheet, 2019" (PDF). North Carolina Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  5. ^ "Applying the Principles of the Work Zone Rule to Design-Build Projects, Two Case Studies: North Carolina I-85 Corridor Improvement Project". FHWA Work Zone. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on March 20, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Transportation Data Management System". ncdot.public.ms2soft.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Overview Map of I-85 in North Carolina" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  8. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: North Carolina (PDF) (Map). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  9. ^ "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. February 26, 2016. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  10. ^ City of Kings Mountain. "Kings Mountain at a Glance". Kings Mountain Comprehensive Bicycle Plan. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
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  12. ^ "I85 SBL over NC216 Cleveland County, North Carolina Bridge Inspection Report". Greenville News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
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Interstate 85
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