View source for International Union of Students

{{short description|World non-partisan forum}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = International Union of Students
| bgcolor = <!-- header background color -->
| fgcolor = <!-- header text color -->
| image = 
| image_border = 
| size = <!-- default 200px -->
| alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption = 
| map = <!-- optional -->
| msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 250px -->
| malt = <!-- map alt text -->
| mcaption = <!-- optional -->
| map2 = 
| abbreviation = IUS
| predecessor = 
| successor = International Council of Students
| formation = 1946 to around 2002
| logo = Flag of International Union of Students.svg
| extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional -->
| type = <!-- [[Governmental organization|GO]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], [[Intergovernmental organization|IGO]], [[International nongovernmental organization|INGO]], etc -->
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| purpose = Association of World's Students' Organizations
| headquarters = [[Czechoslovakia]]
| location = [[Prague]]
| coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template -->
| region_served = Worldwide
| membership = 155 Students' Organizations from 112 Countries
| language = English, French, Spanish
| general = <!-- Secretary General --> Frage Sherif
| leader_title = 
| leader_title2 = Treasurer
| leader_name = 
| leader_name2 = Liz Carlyle
| leader_title3 = Advisory Council Chief
| leader_name3 = Akhil Ennamsetty
| leader_title4 = 
| leader_name4 = 
| key_people = Ingo Jaeger, Maria Lucia, Syed Mustaffa Ali
| main_organ = Executive Secretariat
| parent_organization = <!-- if one -->
| affiliations = [[UNESCO]], [[ECOSOC]]
| budget = 
| num_staff = 
| num_volunteers = 
| website = 
| remarks = Ideologically influenced by [[Left-Wing]], [[Communist]], [[Socialist]] and [[Marxist]] views. {{Citation Needed|date=April 2021}}
| former name = International Students' Council
}}

The '''International Union of Students''' ('''IUS''') was a worldwide nonpartisan<!-- The IUS web site has listed itself in search engine meta-tags as "Independent federation of left-wing and alternative student unions" from around the world." on www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/ --> association of university student organizations.<ref name="stud.uni-hannover.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/constitution/Preamb.html|title=The IUS Constitution - Preamble|date=2002-07-18|publisher=International Union of Students|access-date=2007-05-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607031906/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/constitution/Preamb.html|archive-date=2007-06-07}}</ref><ref name="erc.unesco.org">{{cite web|url=http://erc.unesco.org/ong/en/directory/ONG_Desc.asp?mode=gn&code=772|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020826071545/http://erc.unesco.org/ong/en/directory/ONG_Desc.asp?mode=gn&code=772|url-status=dead|archive-date=2002-08-26|title=UNESCO List of Non-Governmental Organizations|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/i/10751913.php|title=Collection International Union of Students|date=2005-08-12|publisher=International Institute of Social History|access-date=2007-05-03}}</ref>

The IUS was the umbrella organization for 155 such students' organizations across 112 [[countries]] and [[Territory (administrative division)|territories]] representing approximately 25 million students. This was recognised by the [[United Nations]] granting the IUS a consultative status in [[UNESCO]]. The primary aim of the IUS was to defend the rights and interests of students to promote improvement in their welfare and standard of education and to prepare them for their tasks as democratic citizens. <!-- the source Fine, Philip (2003): T. International Union of Students Marks Its Comeback With Call For Worldwide Day of Protest; The Times Higher Education Supplement, TSL Education Limited, August 8, 2003, No.1601; Pg.2 states that the IUS has 150 member organizations --><ref name="erc.unesco.org"/><ref name="http">{{cite web|url=http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/|title=IUS Website|date=2002-11-18|publisher=International Union of Students|access-date=2007-05-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430153318/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/|archive-date=2007-04-30}}</ref> It collapsed in the 2000s due to an unreliable membership system and a lack of grassroots engagement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Global Student Government |url=https://globalstudentgovernment.org/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319075639/https://globalstudentgovernment.org/ |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=Global Student Government }}</ref>

==Aim and work areas==
The aims of the IUS were spelled out in the 1946 preamble to the organization's Constitution:<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022034018/http://isicworld.org/about_us.php|url=http://isicworld.org/about_us.php|archive-date=22 October 2013|title=About Us|date=22 October 2013|work=isicworld.org}}</ref>

<blockquote>The purpose of the International Union of Students, which is founded upon the representative student organizations of different countries, shall be to defend the rights and interests of students to promote improvement in their welfare and standard of education and to prepare them for their tasks as democratic citizens.</blockquote>

According to the IUS's entry in the [[UNESCO]] [[Non-Governmental Organization]] list, the priority work areas of the IUS were: "Exchange of information, defence of students' status, [[peace]], environment, development, [[human rights]]".<ref name="erc.unesco.org"/>

==Activities==
The IUS worked through:<ref name="erc.unesco.org"/><ref name="http"/>

*Issuing ''Student Statements''
*''Circular News Letters'' and ''Calls for Action'' to members
*Celebration of the [[International Students' Day]] on November 17
*Organizing ''Student Conferences''

==Logo symbolism==
The logo and flag of the IUS is a burning torch and an open book set against the red and blue outline of a stylized globe. It symbolizes youth's persistent quest for knowledge.<ref>Rzhevsky, Valery (1988): 'International Day of Students Marked Today'; Prague, November 17; The Russian Information Agency ITAR-TASS <!-- NOTE: news item from Lexis-Nexis --></ref>

==History==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1971 CPA 4029 stamp (Federation Emblem (Globe) and Students of Different Nationalities).png|thumb|Stamp of the 25th anniversary of IUS in USSR]]
=== Early history 1946–1956 ===
The International Union of Students was founded in Prague on August 27, 1946.<ref name="stud.uni-hannover.de"/> Student organizations from 62 countries participated in its founding envisioning a more inclusive successor to the short lived 1941-1944 [[International Council of Students]] (also known as the [[International Students' Council]]) which was set up on the initiative of the British National Union of Students to maintain open lines of communication with student organizations in allied countries during [[World War II]].<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 161-162</ref>

From its earliest inception, the IUS was marked by a fundamental schism:

<blockquote>"The spirit of [post-war] co-operation and the desire to prevent a resurgence of fascism in Europe brought together otherwise divergent groups. The main divisions, evident even at the founding congress, were between the Communist student organizations, which gained control of the executive bodies of the IUS from the beginning, and the student unions from [[western Europe]], many of which were primarily interested in preserving the idea of a non-political international agency which would provide concrete services to the students of various countries"<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 161</ref></blockquote>

In response to the increasingly partisan Communist course of the IUS and the broad powers of its secretariat and executive committee to initiate new policy programmes on behalf of the members, several non-Communist members withdrew their membership in the following years. Following which the IUS also referred itself as [[Independent Federation of Left-Wing and Alternative Student Unions]].<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 162-164</ref>

Consequently, 21 such break-away national students organizations met in Stockholm in 1950 to form the [[International Student Conference]] (ISC) as a nonpartisan rival organization to the pro-Communist IUS.<ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 p. 163">Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 163</ref><ref name="Kehr, Marguerite 1958 p. 317">Kehr, Marguerite (1958): 'The International Program of the USNSA'; The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 29, No. 6. (June, 1958), p. 317</ref><!-- Kehr has 16 unions as founders of the ISC but may be referring to countries represented (?) --> Notable among these founders was the United States [[National Student Association]] (USNSA or NSA)<ref name="Kehr, Marguerite 1958 p. 317"/> though "Anglo-Saxons, Scandinavians and Dutch wielded the greatest influence [in the ISC]".<ref>Pinner, Frank A. : 'Student Trade-Unionism in France, Belgium and Holland: Anticipatory Socialization and Role-Seeking'; Sociology of Education, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Spring, 1964), p. 182</ref>

At the time of the formation of the ISC, the dominant view in later analyses is that the IUS had become Communist controlled to such a degree that it is often referred to as a [[Soviet Union]] Communist [[front organization]] with the IUS and ISC aligned along the [[Cold War]] fronts toward the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States|United States of America]] respectively.<ref>Masani, M. R. (1951): 'The Communist Party in India'; Pacific Affairs, Vol. 24, No. 1. (March, 1951), p. 26</ref><ref>Kroef, Justus M. Van Der (1955): 'Higher Education in Indonesia'; The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 26, No. 7. (October, 1955), p. 370</ref><ref>Morris, Bernard S. (1956): 'Communist International Front Organizations: Their Nature and Function'; World Politics, Vol. 9, No. 1. (October, 1956), p. 78</ref><ref name="Lyonette, Kevin 1966 p. 660">Lyonette, Kevin (1966): 'Student Organisations in Latin America'; International Affairs" (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 42, No. 4. (October, 1966), p. 660</ref>

A dissenting view that the IUS was strongly influenced by [[socialism]] and [[communism]] but not ''de facto'' controlled by Soviet Communist interests, has also been expressed, however, by Trotskyist Lawrence Brammer:<ref>Brammer, Lawrence M. (1967): 'The Student Rebel in the University: A World-wide View'; The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 38, No. 5. (May 1967), pp. 259</ref>

<blockquote>"It is significant that several former IUS officers later became outspoken liberals in Czechoslovakia and in the French and Italian Communist Parties. The outward pro-Soviet orientation of the IUS often obscured real differences within the organization"<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 162</ref></blockquote>

IUS activities in this period included Student Games held by the IUS Sports Council. The first such games were held in Paris in 1946 and were subsequently integrated into the World Youth Festivals (also known as [[World Festival of Youth and Students]]) which the IUS co-sponsored with the equally Communist oriented [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]] (WFDY).<ref>Riordan, James (1974): 'Soviet Sport and Soviet Foreign Policy'; [[Soviet Studies]], Vol. 26, No. 3. (July, 1974), p. 328</ref>

Such festivals brought up to 30,000 youth and students together for a social, cultural and sporting event<ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 pp. 171-172">Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 171-172</ref> (see [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]]).

=== IUS from 1956–1969 ===
From 1956 onwards, the IUS and ISC competed to attract student unions non-aligned in the [[Cold War]] sense. Focus was on [[Latin America]], [[Asia]] and [[Africa]] and recruitment of member unions from here resulted in a broader political base for the IUS.<ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 pp. 171-172"/><ref>Ibingira, Grace (1965): 'Political Movements and Their Role in Promoting Unity in East Africa'; Transition, No. 20. (1965), p. 42</ref>

Activities in this period included among others regional student seminars, donation of duplication machines and cameras to help affiliates, the establishment of student Health Centres in India,<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 164</ref> international student conferences as well as the publication in German, Russian and Czech of the ''World Student News'' journal of the IUS, the ''Democratic Education'' journal of the IUS, and topical pamphlets concerning education. More spectacularly, the IUS continued to co-sponsor World Youth Festivals with the [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]] (WFDY).<ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 pp. 171-172"/>

It was well known from the outset that the IUS was funded by Soviet and Czech government contributions:<ref>Rudner, Martin (1996): 'East European Aid to Asian Developing Countries: The Legacy of the Communist Era'; Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1. (February, 1996), p. 23</ref>

<blockquote>"The cost of international meetings, large-scale publications, and the other activities in which they engage, are beyond the financial resources of university students"<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 167</ref></blockquote>

However, the IUS's inability to win leadership in [[left-wing]] student movements in [[Europe]] despite its many activities caused the [[Soviet Union]] to re-evaluate its support.<ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 p. 173">Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 173</ref>

The major challenge for the IUS in this period turned out to be its preoccupation with an ideological agenda rather than a focus on actual student concerns and affairs.<ref name="Lyonette, Kevin 1966 p. 660"/><ref name="Altbach, Philip G. 1970 p. 173"/> As a consequence of this stance, the organization became detached from its student base and was circumvented by grassroots movements in, e.g. the planning of international [[anti-war]] demonstrations in relation to the [[Vietnam War]]. The major achievements of the IUS in this period were therefore firstly helping create national student unions in developing countries and secondly aiding student union members with information and idea exchange.<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 171</ref>

The dissolution of the IUS's rival organization the [[International Student Conference]] (ISC) owing to lack of funds became a reality in 1969.<ref>Altbach, Philip G. (1970): 'The International Student Movement'; Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 174</ref> The demise of the ISC were hastened by the 1967 revelation that the [[CIA]] had indirectly funded the ISC and recruited student representatives from the United States [[National Student Association]] (USNSA) to actively oppose [[Communism]] in the IUS. This undermined both the financial and student political support of the ISC leaving, once again, the IUS as the only worldwide student organization.<ref>McDonald, Robert (1967): 'NSA/CIA: The Kiddies and Their Playmates'; Transition, No. 31 (June - Jul, 1967), pp. 14-19</ref>

=== IUS from 1970–present ===
This period in IUS history is marked by the chairmanship of the same chairman from 1977 to 1986<ref>United Press International (1990): 'Former Communist Party boss goes on trial in Prague'; June 25, 1990, SECTION: International <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref> under whom a flurry of international IUS activity took place in 1979.<ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979a): 'Indochina. IUS delegation in Cambodia'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts; November 7, 1979, Part 3 The Far East; A.  International Affairs; 2.  The USSR and East-ern Europe; FE/6265/A2/3 <!-- NOTE: Source from Lexis-Nexis --></ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979b): 'Indochina; IUS delegation in Vietnam'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 5, 1979, Part 3 The Far East; A.  International Affairs; 2.  The USSR and East-ern Europe; FE/6237/A2/2 <!-- NOTE: Source from Lexis-Nexis --></ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979c): 'IUS delegation leaves for Indochina'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 26, 1979, Part 2 Eastern Europe; A.  International Affairs; 3.  The Far East; EE/6229/A3/1</ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979d): 'Afghan Youth Organization delegation in Prague'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 18, 1979, Part 2 Eastern Europe; A.  International Affairs; 3. The Far East; EE/6222/A3/3</ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979e): 'Panamanian student leader in Czechoslovakia'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 6, 1979, Part 2 Eastern Europe; A.  International Affairs; 1.  General and Western Affairs; EE/6212/A1/4</ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979f): 'Latin American student official in Czechoslovakia'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 29, 1979, PART 2 EASTERN EUROPE; A.  INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS; 1. GENERAL AND WESTERN AFFAIRS; EE/6205/A1/5</ref><ref>The British Broadcasting Corporation (1979g): 'International students' forum in Helsinki'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 21, 1979, PART 2 EASTERN EUROPE; A.  INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS; 1.  GENERAL AND WESTERN AFFAIRS; EE/6199/A1/3</ref>

The most significant event of the period for the IUS, however, was the turmoil the organization encountered after the 1989 - 1991 [[fall of Communism]] (see also [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]]) during which the IUS lost most of its funding.<ref name="Fine, Philip 2003 Pg.2">Fine, Philip (2003): 'International Union of Students Marks Its Comeback With Call For Worldwide Day of Protest'; The Times Higher Education Supplement, TSL Education Limited, August 8, 2003, No.1601; Pg.2</ref> Additionally, in August 1991, the [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] Minister of the Interior decided to expel the IUS and other Communist [[front organizations]] from [[Czechoslovakia]].<ref name="auto">The British Broadcasting Corporation (1992): 'International organisations protest expulsion from Czechoslovakia'; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 15, 1992, Part 2 Eastern Europe; A. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS; 1. GENERAL AND WESTERN AFFAIRS; EE/1278/A1/ 1 <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref><ref>The Russian Information Agency ITAR-TASS (1990): 'STUDENTS' SEMINAR DEALS WITH EMPLOYMENT, SEAT OF IUS HQ'; TASS, December 19, 1990, BY TASS CORRESPONDENT NIKOLAI PASKA, HAVANA, DECEMBER 19 <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref> The reasons given for the expulsion were close ties with the old Communist regime and abuse of tax privileges granted during the old Communist regime.<ref name="Fine, Philip 2003 Pg.2"/><ref>The Russian Information Agency ITAR-TASS (1990): 'CZECHO-SLOVAKIA DECIDES TO EXPEL IOJ AND IUS FROM COUNTRY'; TASS, November 22, 1990 <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref><ref name="auto1">CTK National News Wire (1992): 'INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS ANNOUNCES NEW LEADERSHIP'; CTK National News Wire, April 23, 1992, NEWS <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref>

Despite the hardships caused by the changing power dynamics of the 1990s,<ref>Fine, Philip (2003): 'International Union Of Students Marks Its Comeback With Call For Worldwide Day of Protest'; The Times Higher Education Supplement, TSL Education Limited, August 8, 2003, No.1601; Pg.2</ref> the organization elected a new leadership at its 1992 [[Cyprus]] Congress<ref name="auto1"/> and initiated structural changes of its [https://web.archive.org/web/20070531030822/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/constitution/index.html Constitution] to renew itself and evolve beyond its Communist past:

<blockquote>"At the 16th Congress of the International Union of Students (IUS), which took place in January 1992 in Larnaca, [[Cyprus]], the organisation underwent major changes, including the development of a new constitution. These initiatives were adopted to establish the basis for a more [[democracy|democratic]], representative, and independent international student organisation"<ref>International Union of Students (2000): [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607031437/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/congress/pdf/report.pdf Report of the Executive Secretariat to The Council and 17th Congress of The International Union of Students. For the Period from February 1992 to March 2000]; dated March 19, 2000, p. 2</ref></blockquote>

The new leadership and its successors continued to make press appearances in, e.g., relation to [[International Students' Day]] celebration in Dublin in 1994<ref>The Irish Times (1994): "Students' Day marked by Dublin march"; The Irish Times, November 18, 1994, CITY EDITION, HOME NEWS; Pg. 4</ref> and the 1998 [[UNESCO]] World Conference on Higher Education.<ref>FT Asia Intelligence Wire (1998): 'Free access to education demanded'; The Hindu <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref>

In August 2003, the International Union of Students marked a comeback by calling for a worldwide day of protest against the inclusion of Higher Education in the [[WTO]]'s [[General Agreement on Trade in Services]].<ref name="Fine, Philip 2003 Pg.2"/><ref>Jobbins, David (2003): 'Qatar's Iraq Gesture Challenges Us Grip'; The Times Higher Education Supplement, TSL Education Limited, June 27, 2003, No.1595; Pg.11</ref>

The IUS is still, however, struggling with its expulsion from its Prague headquarters as of October 2006:

<blockquote>"Most cold war institutions shriveled in the 1990s, along with their superpower backing. The big communist front outfits that fought propaganda wars, awash with cash and stuffed with spies, have fizzled away in a mixture of apathy and swindles. This week's court-enforced auction of a hulking concrete pile in the heart of Prague belonging to one of them, the International Union of Students, was halted amid squabbles among its dozens of creditors"<ref>The Economist Newspapers Ltd. (2006): 'Let each stand in his place: Cold war survivors'; The Economist October 28, 2006, U.S. Edition, SECTION: INTERNATIONAL, Dateline: Prague <!-- NOTE: Lexis-Nexis source --></ref></blockquote>

==Members==
The IUS had the following members:<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of IUS Member Organizations |publisher=IUS |work=stud.uni-hannover.de |archive-date=22 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722075531/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/members.html |url= http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/members.html }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Member
!Membership
|-
| {{Flag|Afghanistan|1992}}
| [[Union of Afghan Youth]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Algeria}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants Algériens]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Argentina}}
| [[Argentine University Federation]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Bahrain}}
| [[National Union of Bahrain Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=7|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
| [[Students Unity of Bangladesh]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Bangladesh Chatra Federation]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Bangladesh Students' Union]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Bangladesh Chatra League]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Bangladesh Chathro Somite]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Bangladesh Student League (BSL)|Bangladesh Student League]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[National Student League (Bangladesh)|National Student League]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Barbados}}
| [[Guild of Undergraduates]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Belgium}}
| [[Flemish Union of Students]]
| {{okay|Associate}}
|-
| {{Flag|Benin}}
| [[Fédération Nationale des Étudiants du Bénin]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Bolivia}}
| [[Confederacion Universitaria Boliviana]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Botswana}}
| [[Botswana Student Council]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Brazil}}
| [[National Union of Students (Brazil)|National Union of Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{ill|União Brasileira dos Estudantes Secundaristas|pt}}
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
| [[National Student Coordinating Center of Bulgaria]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
| [[Alliance Démocratique des Étudiants Pour le Développement du Burkina]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Burma}}
| [[All Burma Federation of Student Unions]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Burundi}}
| [[Jeunesse Révolutionnaire Rwagasore]] (Commission Estudiantine)
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Cambodia}}
| [[Youth Association of Cambodia]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Cameroon}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants Socialistes du Kamerun]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Canada}}
| [[Canadian Federation of Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Cape Verde}}
| [[Juventude Africana Amilcar Cabral-Cabo Verde]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Chad}}
| [[Union Générale des Étudiants et Stagiaires du Tchad]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Chile}}
| [[Consejo Nacional de Federaciones de Estudiantes Chilenos]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Commonwealth of Independent States}}
| [[Student Council of Associations and Unions of Higher Educational Institutions of the CIS]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Colombia}}
| [[Union Nacional de Estudiantes Colombianos]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Comoros}}
| [[Union Nationale de la Jeunesse et des Étudiants des Comores]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Congo, Rep.}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants Congolais]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Congo, Dem. Rep.}}
| [[Étudiants Congolais Progressistes]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Flag|Costa Rica}}
| {{ill|Federación de Estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica|es}}
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Federación de Estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional]]
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
| {{Flag|Cuba}}
| {{ill|Federación Estudiantil Universitaria|es}}
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Cyprus}}
| [[Pancyprian Federation of Students and Young Scientists]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| [[Turkish-Cypriot Student Association]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
| Czechoslovak Central Students' Council of the [[Czechoslovak Socialist Youth Union|Socialist Youth Union]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes Dominicanos]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios del Ecuador]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| [[Federación de Estudiantes Politécnicos del Ecuador]]
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Egypt}}
| [[General Union of Students of the Arab Republic of Egypt]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| [[Union of Democratic Egyptian Youth]] (Student Section)
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
| {{Flag|El Salvador}}
| [[General de Estudiantes Universitarios Salvadoreños]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Eritrea}}
| [[National Union of Eritrean Youth]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Fiji}}
| [[University of the South Pacific Students Association]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|France}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants de France]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| {{ill|Union Nationale des Étudiants de France - Indépendante et Démocratique|fr|Union nationale des étudiants de France – Indépendante et démocratique}}
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
| {{Flag|Gambia}}
| [[National Union of Gambian Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}}
| {{ill|Freier Zusammenschluss von StudentInnenschaften|de}}
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Ghana}}
| [[National Union of Ghana Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Guatemala}}
| [[Asociación de Estudiantes Universitarios]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Guinea Bissau}}
| [[African Youth Amílcar Cabral]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Guyana}}
| [[Student Council of the Progressive Youth Organization]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Haiti}}
| [[Fédération Nationale des Étudiants Haïtiens]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Honduras}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de Honduras]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
|rowspan=5|{{Flag|India}}
| [[All India Students Federation]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Students' Federation of India]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[All-India Students Bloc]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
|[[Radical Students Forum (RSF)]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Chatra Janata Dal]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-

| {{Flag|Iran}}
| [[Organization of Democratic Youth and Students of Iran]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Iraq}}
| [[General Union of Students in Iraqi Republic]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[National Union of Iraqi Students]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Jamaica}}
| [[Jamaica Union of Tertiary Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Japan}}
| [[Zengakuren|All-Japan Federation of Student Unions]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Jordan}}
| [[National Union of Jordan Students]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Kenya}}
| [[Student Organization of Nairobi University]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Kiribati}}
| [[Kiribati Students' Association]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|North Korea}}
| [[Korean Students Committee]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Kurdistan}}
| [[Kurdish Students Society in Europe]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Kuwait}}
| [[National Union of Kuwait Students]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Laos}}
| [[Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Lebanon}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants de l'Université Libanaise]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Lesotho}}
| [[Students' Representative Council (Lesotho)|Students' Representative Council]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Liberia}}
| [[Liberia National Students Union]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}}
| [[General Union of Great Jamahiriya Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Madagascar}}
| [[Comité Démocratique des Jeunes et des Étudiants de Madagascar]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| [[Organisation de la Jeunesse Révolutionnaire du Parti d'Avantgarde de la Révolution Malgache-Arema]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Malawi}}
| [[Malawi Students Union of Lesoma]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Malta}}
| [[Young Students' Movement]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici: Back in my student days, 1984 was indeed the year in which I started being active in the voluntary and political spheres. |publisher=Max Ellul |url=https://maxellul.com/karmenu-mifsud-bonnici |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105093546/https://maxellul.com/karmenu-mifsud-bonnici |archive-date=2022-11-05 }}</ref>
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Mauritius}}
| [[Mauritius Union of Student Councils]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| [[Council of Students & Youth Movements]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Mexico}}
| [[Coordinadora Nacional de Estudiantes Mexicanos]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{ill|Federación de Estudiantes de Guadalajara|de}}
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Mongolia}}
| [[Union of Mongolian Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Morocco}}
| {{ill|Union Nationale des Étudiants du Maroc|fr|Union nationale des étudiants du Maroc}}
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| [[Union Générale des Étudiants du Maroc]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
| [[Associaçao dos Estudantes Universitarios de Moçambique]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| [[Mozambican Youth Organisation]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Namibia}}
| [[Namibian National Student Organization]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=3|{{Flag|Nepal}}
| [[Nepal National Federation of Students]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[All Nepal National Free Student Union]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Nepal Progressive Student Union]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Netherlands}}
| [[Dutch Student Union]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Nicaragua}}
| [[Unión Nacional de Estudiantes de Nicaragua]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Niger}}
| [[Union des Scolaires Nigériens]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Nigeria}}
| [[National Association of Nigerian Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Oman}}
| [[National Union of Oman Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=4|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
| [[Democratic Students Federation]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| [[Jeay Sindh Taraqui Pasand Student Federation]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| [[Sindhi Shagird Tehreek]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| [[Baloch Students Organization]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Palestine}}
| [[General Union of Palestine Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Panama}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes de Panamá]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| [[National Union of Students (Papua New Guinea)|National Union of Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Paraguay}}
| [[Unión Estudiantil de Paraguay]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes del Perú]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}}
| [[National Union of Students of the Philippines]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Poland}}
| [[Polish Students' Association]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Puerto Rico}}
| [[Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Quebec }}
| [[Mouvement des Étudiants et Étudiantes du Québec]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Romania}}
| [[National Union of Independent Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Rwanda}}
| [[Association Générale des Étudiants de l'Université Nationale du Ruanda]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
| [[Student Bureau]] ([[National Youth Council (Saint Lucia)|National Youth Council]])
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
| [[National Student Council]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Samoa }}
| [[University of South Pacific-Alafuna Campus Students Association]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Sao Tome and Principe}}
| [[Jeunesse du Mouvement de Libération de Sao Tomé et Principe]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| [[National Union of Students of Saudi Arabia]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Senegal}}
| [[Union Démocratique des Étudiants de Dakar]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Seychelles}}
| [[Seychelles People's Progressive Front]] (Youth League)
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
| [[National Union of Sierra Leone Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|[[South African Students Congress]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| [[Congress of South African Students]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|[[National Union of Somali Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=3|{{Flag|Spain}}
| [[Estudiantes Progresistas]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| [[Unión de Estudiantes]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| [[Coordinadora d'Estudiants d'Ensenyament Mitjà de Catalunya]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
| [[Sri Lanka National Union of Students]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[United National Party]] (Youth League)
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
| {{Flag|Sudan}}
| [[Democratic Front of Sudanese Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Suriname}}
| [[Surinaamse Studenten Unie]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| {{Flag|Switzerland}}
|[[VSS-UNES-USU]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Syria}}
| [[National Union of Syrian Students]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Tanzania}}
| [[National Union of Tanzanian Students]]
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
| [[Dar Es Salaam University Student Union]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Togo}}
| [[Mouvement National des Étudiants et Stagiaires du Togo]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| [[Guild of Undergraduates]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Tunisia}}
| {{ill|Union Générale des Étudiants de Tunisie|fr|Union générale des étudiants de Tunisie}}
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| {{ill|Union Générale Tunisienne des Étudiants|fr|Union générale tunisienne des étudiants}}
| {{no|Frozen}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Uganda}}
| [[Makerere Students Guild]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Uganda National Students Association]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| {{Flag|Uruguay}}
| [[Asociación Social y Cultural de Estudiantes de la Enseñanza Pública]] ({{ill|Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios del Uruguay|es}})
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|United States}}
| [[United States Student Association]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Vanuatu}}
| [[Vanuatu National Union of Students]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Venezuela}}
| [[Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de Venezuela]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| [[Federación de Centros Universitarios]]
|  {{maybe|Consultative}}
|-
| {{Flag|Vietnam}}
| [[Union Nationale des Étudiants du Vietnam]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Western Sahara}}
| [[Sahrawi Youth Union]] (Sección Estudiantil)
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
|rowspan=2|{{Flag|Yemen}}
| [[Supreme Student Committee]]
| {{yes|Shared}}
|-
| [[Central Council of Yemeni Students]]
| {{yes|Shared}} 
|-
| {{Flag|Zambia}}
| [[University of Zambia Student Union]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|-
| {{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
| [[Zimbabwe National Students Union]]
| {{yes|Full}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Student activism]]
* [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]]
* [[World Peace Council]]
* [[International Association of Democratic Lawyers]]
* [[Women's International Democratic Federation]]
* [[World Federation of Trade Unions]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Cornell, Richard (1965): Youth And Communism: An Historical Analysis of International Communist Youth Movements; Walker & Co.: New York
* Clews, John (1952): Students Unite: The International Union of Students and Its Work; foreword by S. Spender, Congress for Cultural Freedom; British Society for Cultural Freedom: Paris (ASIN: B0000CIEJO)
* Maanen, Gert Van (1966): The International Student Movement. History and Background; International Documentation and Information Centre: The Hague

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131019122118/http://isicworld.org/about_us.php Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070430153318/http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/gruppen/ius/ Old (2002) website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928071510/http://www.esib.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=292 ESU - The European Students' Union: The International Student Movement during the Cold War (1946 - 1969)]
* ''[https://archive.org/details/Barr1965/page/n3/mode/2up Communist international front organizations: An analysis of the international union of students ]'' by John Jay Barr
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Groups of students' unions]]
[[Category:International organizations based in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Students' unions]]
[[Category:International student organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Prague]]
[[Category:Communist front organizations]]
[[Category:Student wings of communist parties]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1946]]