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Bauni language

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Bauni
Warapu
Barupu
RegionSandaun Province, Papua New Guinea
Native speakers
300 (2000)[1]
Skou
Language codes
ISO 639-3bpe
Glottologwara1302
ELPWarapu (shared)
Coordinates: 3°04′18″S 142°03′27″E / 3.071595°S 142.057463°E / -3.071595; 142.057463 (Barupu)

Bauni is a language spoken in Barupu (Warapu) village (3°04′18″S 142°03′27″E / 3.071595°S 142.057463°E / -3.071595; 142.057463 (Barupu)) of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.[2][3]

The alternative name Barupu or Warapu, from the name of the Bauni village, has been applied to related languages as well, and 'Warapu' may be retained as a cover term.

Phonology

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Bauni has 9 consonants and 6 vowels.[4]

Bauni consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-velar
Plosive p b t k
Nasal m n
Trill r
Approximant j w

Consonants may undergo lenition, fortition, palatalization, or assimilation to produce a larger number of surface phonemes.

Bauni vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɔ
Open a

Words belong to one of five tone classes: H, L, LH, HL, HLH.

Syllables have the following form: (C)(G)V(G)(N), where (G) represents a glide and (N) represents a nasal. There are no syllables that have the maximum possible form of CGVGN.

Morphology

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Verbs belong to one of four classes that differ in terms of what morphology may be applied and how. Verbs are obligatorily marked for mood - either realis (/k-/) or irrealis (/n-/) - and for subject. Certain classes of verbs require objects to be marked as well.[4]

k-opu-jara-ni

REAL-2PL.M-see-1SG.F

k-opu-jara-ni

REAL-2PL.M-see-1SG.F

You see me.

Lexicon

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Bauni free pronouns are distinguished on the basis of person, gender, and number.[4]

singular dual plural
1st M něná měpí měmí
F nění
2nd M měmá mǒpú / běvé
F mǒmú
3rd M yéi / rěré
F

Syntax

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Clauses in Bauni employ Agent-Patient-Verb word order. Recipients, instruments, and other oblique noun phrases typically follow the verb.[4]

Intransitive verb

Kuáni

mother

k-o-kôe

REAL-3SG.F-go.up

Kuáni k-o-kôe

mother REAL-3SG.F-go.up

Mother went up.

Transitive verb

Kuáni

mother

aka

father

k-o-yarâ-ká

REAL-3SG.F-see-3SG.M

Kuáni aka k-o-yarâ-ká

mother father REAL-3SG.F-see-3SG.M

Mother saw father.

Ditransitive verb

Cha

Cha

Meniri

Meniri

bá=va

fish=PRM

k-a-r-o-a

REAL-3SG.M-3SG.M-give-3SG.M

nâkí

dog

Cha Meniri bá=va k-a-r-o-a nâkí

Cha Meniri fish=PRM REAL-3SG.M-3SG.M-give-3SG.M dog

Cha Meniri gave the dog-spirit a fish.

References

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  1. ^ Bauni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
  3. ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
  4. ^ a b c d Corris, Miriam (2005). A grammar of Barupu: a language of Papua New Guinea (Ph.D. thesis). University of Sydney. hdl:2123/3655.
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