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Jimmy Reed

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Not to be confused with Jim Reed (coach).

Jimmy Reed
Background information
Birth nameMathis James Reed
Born(1925-09-06)September 6, 1925
Dunleith, Mississippi, U.S.
DiedAugust 29, 1976(1976-08-29) (aged 50)
Oakland, California, U.S.
GenresBlues
Occupations
  • Musician
  • songwriter
Instruments
  • Guitar
  • vocals
  • harmonica
Years active1940s–1976
LabelsVee-Jay

Mathis James Reed (September 6, 1925 – August 29, 1976)[1] was an American blues musician and songwriter. His particular style of electric blues[2] was popular with a wide variety of audiences. Reed's songs such as "Honest I Do" (1957), "Baby What You Want Me to Do" (1960), "Big Boss Man" (1961), and "Bright Lights, Big City" (1961) appeared on both Billboard magazine's R&B and Hot 100 singles charts.[3]

Reed influenced many other musicians, including Elvis Presley, Hank Williams Jr., Neil Young, and the Rolling Stones, who recorded his songs.[4] Music critic Cub Koda describes him as "perhaps the most influential bluesman of all," due to his easily accessible style.[4]

Biography

[edit]

Reed was born in Dunleith, Mississippi.[5] He learned the harmonica and guitar from his friend Eddie Taylor.[6] After several years of busking and performing there, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1943.[1] He was then drafted into the U.S. Navy and served in World War II.[1] He was discharged in 1945 and returned briefly to Mississippi,[1] marrying his girlfriend, Mary (henceforth known as Mama Reed). Mama Reed would be an uncredited background singer on many of his recordings, notably the hits "Baby What You Want Me to Do", "Big Boss Man" and "Bright Lights, Big City".[6] He then moved to Gary, Indiana, to work at an Armour meat-packing plant.

"At his best—on Vee-Jay in the '50s—Reed sang with the languid self-assurance of a man who never ran for the bus because he wanted to spend the fare on a glass of wine, and the unindustrious shuffle rhythms of the Vee-Jay band ambled right along behind."

–Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981)[7]

By the 1950s, Reed had established himself as a popular musician. He joined the Gary Kings with John Brim and played on the street with Willie Joe Duncan.[4] Reed failed to gain a recording contract with Chess Records, but signed with Vee-Jay Records through Brim's drummer, Albert King.[1] At Vee-Jay, Reed began playing again with Eddie Taylor and soon released "You Don't Have to Go",[1] his first hit record.[4] It was followed by a long string of hit songs.

Reed maintained his reputation despite his rampant alcoholism; his wife sometimes had to help him remember the lyrics to his songs while recording.[1] In 1957, Reed developed epilepsy, though the condition was not correctly diagnosed for a long time, as Reed and doctors assumed it was delirium tremens.[4] When Vee-Jay Records closed, his manager signed a contract with the fledgling ABC-Bluesway label, but Reed never produced another hit.[1] In 1968, he toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival.[2]

Reed's grave at Lincoln Cemetery

Reed died of respiratory failure in 1976, in Oakland, California,[1][8] eight days short of his 51st birthday. He is interred in the Lincoln Cemetery, in Blue Island, Illinois. Reed was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980,[9] and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991.[10]

Influence

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The Rolling Stones have cited Reed as a major influence on their sound, and their early set lists included Reed's songs "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby", "The Sun Is Shining" (played by the Stones at the 1969 Altamont concert), "Bright Lights, Big City", and "Shame, Shame, Shame". "Little by Little", the B-side of their February 1964 UK hit single "Not Fade Away" was a pastiche of "Shame, Shame, Shame". "Honest I Do" was included on their first album, The Rolling Stones (subtitled England's Newest Hit Makers in America), in 1964 (the U.S. edition also included "Little by Little").[11] For their 2016 release, Blue & Lonesome, they recorded a version of Reed's "Little Rain".[12]

The Yardbirds recorded "I Ain't Got You" for the B-side of their second single "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl" with guitarist Eric Clapton.[13] With Jeff Beck, they recorded the Reed-inspired instrumental "Like Jimmy Reed Again", which was released on a reissue of their album Having a Rave Up.[14] The Animals considered Reed one of their main sources of inspiration and recorded versions of "I Ain't Got You" and "Bright Lights, Big City".[15] Van Morrison's group Them covered "Bright Lights, Big City" and "Baby, What You Want Me to Do", both of which are on the album The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison.[16] "Big Boss Man", sung by Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, was regularly performed by the Grateful Dead in the 1960s and early 1970s and appears on their live album Grateful Dead[17]

Elvis Presley recorded several of Reed's songs, having a hit with "Big Boss Man" in 1967 and recording several performances of "Baby, What You Want Me to Do" for his 1968 TV program. (Presley's 1964 hit "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby" is a different song from that recorded by Reed.) "Baby, What You Want Me to Do" was also covered by Wishbone Ash on their 1973 album Live Dates.[18] Johnny and Edgar Winter performed it live in 1975 and included it on their album Together.[19] Omar Kent Dykes and Jimmie Vaughan released the album On the Jimmy Reed Highway as a tribute to Reed.[20] Bill Cosby covered four of Reed's songs, "Bright Lights, Big City", "Big Boss Man", "Hush Hush" and "Aw Shucks, Hush Your Mouth", for his 1967 album, Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings.[21]

The Steve Miller Band covered five of Reed's songs: "You're So Fine" (originally recorded by Reed as "Honey, Where You Going?"), on the 1968 album Sailor,[22] and "I Wanna Be Loved (But by Only You)", "Big Boss Man", "Caress Me Baby" and "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby", on the 1986 album Living in the 20th Century.[23]

Bob Dylan paid tribute to Reed with the song "Goodbye Jimmy Reed" on his 2020 album Rough and Rowdy Ways.[24]

Discography

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Singles

[edit]
Year Single (A-side, B-side)
Both sides from same album except where indicated		 U.S.
R&B		 U.S. Album
1953 "High and Lonesome"
b/w "Roll and Rhumba" (from I'm Jimmy Reed) 		— — The Legend – The Man
1954 "Jimmie's Boogie"
b/w "I Found My Baby" 		— — Non-album tracks
1955 "You Don't Have to Go"
b/w "Boogie in the Dark" 		5 — I'm Jimmy Reed
"I'm Gonna Ruin You"
b/w "Pretty Thing" 		— — Non-album tracks
"I Don't Go for That"
b/w "She Don't Want Me No More" 		12 —
1956 "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby"
b/w "Baby, Don't Say That No More" (from History of Jimmy Reed) 		3 — I'm Jimmy Reed
"Can't Stand to See You Go"
b/w "Rockin' with Reed" (from Rockin' with Reed) 		10 —
"I Love You Baby"
b/w "My First Plea" (from I'm Jimmy Reed) 		13 — Non-album track
"You've Got Me Dizzy"
b/w "Honey Don't Let Me Go" (non-album track) 		3 — I'm Jimmy Reed
1957 "Little Rain" / 7 —
"Honey, Where You Going?" 10 — Non-album track
"The Sun Is Shining"
b/w "Baby, What's on Your Mind" (from Rockin' with Reed) 		12 65 The Best of Jimmy Reed
"Honest I Do"
b/w "Signals of Love" (non-album track) 		4 32 I'm Jimmy Reed
1958 "You're Something Else"
b/w "A String to Your Heart" (from Rockin' with Reed) 		— —
"You Got Me Crying"
b/w "Go On to School" 		— —
"I'm Gonna Get My Baby"
b/w "Odds and Ends" (from Jimmy Reed with More of the Best) 		5 — Non-album track
"Down in Virginia"
b/w "I Know It's a Sin" 		— 93 Rockin' with Reed
1959 "I Told You Baby"
b/w "Ends and Odds" (from Rockin' with Reed) 		19 — Blues Is My Business
"Take Out Some Insurance"
b/w "You Know I Love You" (from History of Jimmy Reed) 		— — Rockin' with Reed
"Going to New York"
b/w "I Wanna Be Loved" 		— —
1960 "Baby What You Want Me to Do"
b/w "Caress Me Baby" (from Rockin' with Reed) 		10 37 Found Love
"Found Love"
b/w "Where Can You Be" 		16 88
"Hush-Hush"
b/w "Going by the River", Part 2 		18 75
1961 "Close Together"
b/w "Laughing At the Blues" 		12 68 Now Appearing
"Big Boss Man"
b/w "I'm a Love You" (from Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall) 		13 78 Found Love
"Bright Lights, Big City"
b/w "I'm Mr. Luck" 		3 58 Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall
1962 "Aw Shucks, Hush Your Mouth"
b/w "Baby What's Wrong" 		— 93
"Good Lover"
b/w "Tell Me You Love Me" (from Jimmy Reed At Carnegie Hall) 		— 77 Just Jimmy Reed
"Too Much"
b/w "I'll Change My Style" (non-album track) 		— —
"Oh John"
b/w "Let's Get Together" 		— —
1963 "Shame, Shame, Shame"
b/w "There'll Be a Day" 		— 52 T'aint No Big Thing but He Is
"Mary Mary"
b/w "I'm Gonna Help You" 		— —
"Outskirts of Town"
b/w "St. Louis Blues" 		— — Jimmy Reed Sings the Best of the Blues
1964 "Help Yourself"
b/w "Heading for a Fall" (non-album track) 		— — Jimmy Reed at Soul City
"Down in Mississippi"
b/w "Oh John" (from Just Jimmy Reed) 		— — Jimmy Reed with More of the Best
"I'm Going Upside Your Head"
b/w "The Devil's Shoestring", Part 2 		— — Jimmy Reed at Soul City
"I Wanna Be Loved"
b/w "A New Leaf" 		— —
1965 "Left Handed Woman"
b/w "I'm The Man Down There" (from History of Jimmy Reed) 		— —
"When Girls Do It"
b/w "Don't Think I'm Through" 		— — Non-album tracks
1966 "Knockin' at Your Door"
b/w "Dedication to Sonny Boy Williamson" 		39 — Soulin'
"Cousin Peaches"
b/w "Crazy 'Bout Oklahoma" 		— —
"Got Nowhere to Go"
b/w "Two Ways to Skin (A Cat)" 		— — The New Jimmy Reed Album
1967 "I Wanna Know"
b/w "Two Heads Better Than One" 		— —
"Don't Press Your Luck Woman"
b/w "Feel Like I Want to Ramble" 		— — Soulin'
"Crazy About Oklahoma"
b/w "Buy Me a Hound Dog" 		— —
1968 "My Baby Told Me"
b/w "Peepin 'n Hidin" (from Soulin') 		— — Big Boss Man
1969 "Don't Light My Fire"
b/w "The Judge Should Know" 		— — Down in Virginia
1970 "Hard Walkin' Hanna", Part 1
b/w "Hard Walkin' Hanna", Part 2 		— — As Jimmy Is
"Crying Blind"
b/w "Christmas Present Blues" 		— —
1971 "Big Legged Woman"
b/w "Funky Funky Soul" 		— —
"Cold Chills"
b/w "You're Just a Womper Stomper" 		— — Let the Bossman Speak!

[25][26]

Albums

[edit]
Year Album
1958 I'm Jimmy Reed
1959 Rockin' with Reed
1960 Found Love
1960 Now Appearing
1961 Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall [2LP]
1962 The Best of Jimmy Reed (compilation)
1962 Just Jimmy Reed
1963 T'ain't No Big Thing but He Is...Jimmy Reed
1963 Jimmy Reed Sings the Best of the Blues
1963 Jimmy Reed Plays 12 String Guitar Blues
1964 Jimmy Reed with More of the Best
1964 Jimmy Reed at Soul City (compilation)
1965 The Legend – The Man (compilation)
1967 The New Jimmy Reed Album
1967 Soulin'
1968 Big Boss Man
1969 Down in Virginia
1970 As Jimmy Is (AKA Hard Walking Hanna)
1971 Let the Bossman Speak! (AKA Cold Chills)
1972 History of Jimmy Reed [2LP] (compilation)
1973 I Ain't from Chicago
1974 Blues is My Business
1976 Jimmy Reed is Back (compilation)
1980 Upside Your Head (compilation, Charly CRB-1003)
1981 High and Lonesome (compilation, Charly CRB-1013)
1981 Got Me Dizzy (compilation, Charly CRB-1028)
1985 I'm the Man Down There (compilation, Charly CRB-1082)
1993 Speak the Lyrics to Me, Mama Reed (compilation, Vee Jay NVD2-705)

[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. pp. 2062/3. ISBN 0-85112-939-0.
  2. ^ a b Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 76–77. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  3. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1988). Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. pp. 345–346. ISBN 0-89820-068-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e Koda, Cub. "Jimmy Reed: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  5. ^ "Biography of Jimmy Reed, Mississippi Rhythm and Blues Musician". Mswritersandmusicians.com. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  6. ^ a b Jimmy Reed interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
  7. ^ Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: R". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved March 10, 2019 – via Robertchristgau.com.
  8. ^ Doc Rock. "The 1970s". The Dead Rock Stars Club. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  9. ^ "Jimmy Reed". Blues.org. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  10. ^ "Jimmy Reed | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame". Rockhall.com. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  11. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "'The Rolling Stones (England's Newest Hit Makers) – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  12. ^ Fricke, David (December 13, 2016). "Review: The Rolling Stones Reinvigorate the Blues on Blue and Lonesome". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  13. ^ "I Ain't Got You" was written by Clarence Carter and first recorded by Billy Boy Arnold
  14. ^ Eder, Bruce. "The Yardbirds: Having a Rave Up – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  15. ^ "The Animals: Songs". AllMusic. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  16. ^ Rabid, Jack. "The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  17. ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Grateful Dead (Skull & Roses) – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  18. ^ Eder, Bruce. "Wishbone Ash: Live Dates – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  19. ^ Smith, Michael B. "Johnny & Edgar Winter: Together – Live – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  20. ^ Gilstrap, Andrew. "Album review". Popmatters.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  21. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  22. ^ Hanson, Amy. "Steve Miller Band: Sailor – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  23. ^ "Steve Miller Band: Living in the 20th Century  – Reviews". AllMusic. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  24. ^ "Goodbye Jimmy Reed". www.bobdylan.com. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  25. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–1995. Record Research. p. 369.
  26. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955–2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. p. 564. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
  27. ^ "Jimmy Reed | Album Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
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