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Revision as of 13:31, 4 October 2012
The Holland Codes or the Holland Occupational Themes (RIASEC), developed by the late psychologist John L. Holland, refers to a theory of careers and vocational choice based upon personality types.[1] Each letter or code stands for a particular "type": Realistic (Doers), Investigative (Thinkers), Artistic (Creators), Social (Helpers), Enterprising (Persuaders), and Conventional (Organizers)."[2][3]
According to the Committee on Scientific Awards, Holland's "research shows that personalities seek out and flourish in career environments they fit and that jobs and career environments are classifiable by the personalities that flourish in them."[1] Holland also wrote of his theory that "the choice of a vocation is an expression of personality."[4] Furthermore, while Holland suggests that people can be "categorized as one of six types, "[5] he also argues that "a six-category scheme built on the assumption that there are only six kinds of people in the world is unacceptable on the strength of common sense alone. But a six category scheme that allows a simple ordering of a person's resemblance to each of the six models provides the possibility of 720 different personality patterns."[6]
The US Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA) has been using the RIASEC model in the "Interests" section of its free online database, The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) since its inception during the late 1990s.[7][8][9]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Holland_Codes_hexagon.gif)
Sample professions
The following professions, listed by one type, may be associated with other types as well.
Doers (Realistic)
"Independent, stable, persistent, genuine, practical, and thrifty [...] tasks that are tactile, physical, athletic, or mechanical [...] being outdoors, using tools, operating machines, interacting with animals, and working with their hands."[10]
- Aerospace/ Astronaut
- Agriculture
- Anthropologist/Paleontology/Archaeologist
- Astronomy
- Astronomy and Astrophysics/Physics
- Aviation (pilot)
- Bartender
- Biochemistry
- Biomedical engineering
- Biotechnology
- Carpenter
- Constructionass hole
- Computer engineering/Computer science/Information technology/Computer programmer
- Dentist/Orthodontist
- Diving
- Driver
- Electrician
- Electrical engineering
- Engineer
- Environmental science
- Environmental studies/Forestry/Marine Biology
- Farmer/Rancher
- Firefighter/ Paramedic
- Geography
- Geology
- Housekeeper
- Lab work
- Massage
- Mathematics/Science
- Maître d'hôtel
- Mechanic/Automobiles
- Mechanical engineer
- Metalsmith
- Military/ROTC
- Nursing
- Occupational therapy
- Park ranger
- Personal trainer/Athletic trainer/Physical fitness/Athlete
- Pharmacist
- Physical education
- Physical therapist
- Police Officer
- Plumber
- Recreation management
- Statistics
- Surgeon
- Veterinarian/Animal science
- Waiter/Waitress
- Wildlife management
- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Artistic (with a Realistic combination)
- Anthropologist/Paleontology/Archaeologist
- Architect
- Art director
- Artist
- Baker/Chef/Cook/Culinary art/Catering/Restaurant business
- Cartoonist
- Ceramics
- Computer animation/Visual effects
- Computer art
- Cosmetology/Make-up artist
- Costume designer
- Dancer/Choreography
- Fashion designer/Haute couture
- Fashion model
- Filmmaker/Film School
- Furniture design
- Game design
- Glassblowing
- Graphic designer/Fine Arts
- Interior design
- Jewellery
- Martial arts
- Musician (Instrumental)
- Painters/Illustrators
- Photographer
- Pottery
- Sculptor
- Set design
- Visual arts
- Web design
- Web Development Specialist
- Wood carving
- Yoga[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Thinkers (Investigative)
"Intellectual, introspective, and inquisitive. They are curious, methodical, rational, analytical, and logical [...] scholarly, scientific, technical, or medical [...] avid readers. They like to solve problems, perform experiments, and conduct research."[10]
- Computer science/Information technology
- Computer programmer
- Economics
- Engineer
- Higher education
- Lawyer
- Mathematics/Statistics
- Ph.D.
- Medicine
- Medical research
- Physician (Medical school)
- Professor (all fields)
- Psychologist (Ph.D)
- Psychiatrist (Medical school)
- Research and development
- Science
- Web Development Specialist[11][12][13][14][15][30][19][27][28][22][31][33]
Creators (Artistic)
"Creative, intuitive, sensitive, articulate, and expressive. They are unstructured, original, nonconforming, and innovative. They rely on feelings, imagination, and inspiration. They like to work with ideas, abstractions, and concepts. They are spontaneous and open-minded."[10]
- Art school
- Bachelor of Fine Arts
- Creative writing/Poetry
- Fashion designer/Haute couture
- Filmmaker/Film School/Photographer
- Juilliard School
- Languages
- Master of Fine Arts
- Rhode Island School of Design (RISD)
- Theater[34][11][27][31]
Helpers (Social)
"Kind, generous, cooperative, patient, caring, helpful, empathetic, tactful, and friendly. They excel at socializing, helping others, and teaching. They like tasks that involve teamwork, social interaction,relationship building, and improvement of society."[10]
- Activist/Community organizer/Social justice
- Academic advising
- Child care/Babysitter
- Education/Counseling or Teaching (M.S., M.A.T., or Ph.D)
- Education administration
- Early childhood education
- Gerontology
- Global Studies
- Health/Medicine
- Higher education
- Nurse
- Nutritionist
- Occupational therapy
- Physical therapist
- Psychologist (Ph.D)
- Psychiatrist (Medical school)
- Public health
- Religion/Clergy
- Resident assistant/Peer adviser/Orientation leader
- Social Work (M.S.W.)
- Special Education
- Speech-language pathologist
- Trainer
Artistic (with a Social combination)
- Art therapist/Dance therapy/Drama therapy/Music therapy
- Music teacher/Dance teacher/Art teacher/Literature teacher/Language teacher (M.S., M.A.T., or Ph.D)
- English as a second language (ESL/EFL) teacher (M.S. in TESOL or TEFL)
- Education/Counseling or Teaching (M.S., M.A.T., or Ph.D)
- Journalist
- Languages
- Psychologist (Ph.D)
- Psychiatrist (Medical school)
- Religion/Clergy
- Resident assistant/Peer adviser/Orientation leader
- Translator/Interpreter[35][12][28][13][14][15][30][19][11][27][36][31][37]
Persuaders (Enterprising)
"Adventurous, ambitious, assertive, extroverted, energetic, enthusiastic, confident, and optimistic. They are dominant, persuasive, and motivational [...] They like influencing others, being in charge, taking risks, debating, and competing."[10]
- Activist
- Administrative Assistant
- Business/MBA
- Business economics
- Buyer
- CEO
- Debate/Forensics
- Economics
- Educational administration
- Entrepreneur
- Event planning
- Fundraising
- Global studies/International development
- Hotel Management/Hospitality management studies
- Human Resources
- Insurance
- International Relations
- Interpreter
- Lawyer/Paralegal
- Lobbyist
- Management
- Management Consultant
- Maître d'hôtel
- Market Research Analyst
- Office manager
- Politics
- Public Administration
- Purchasing
- Real Estate
- Recruiter
- Retail
- Sales
- Secretary
- Stockbroker
- Telemarketing
- Trainer
- United Nations/Model U.N.
Artistic (with an Enterprising combination)
- Actor
- Advertising/ Marketing/Public relations/Web Content Development/Professional writing
- Agent
- Communications/Journalism/Mass Media/Broadcast
- Debate/Forensics
- Fashion designer/Haute couture
- Fashion model
- Film director
- Film producer
- Flight attendant
- Lawyer
- Publicist
- Singer
- Talk show host
- Tour guide
- Translator/Interpreter[12][13][14][15][30][35][17][11][19][20][21][22][27][28][38][39]
Organizers (Conventional)
"Conscientious and conservative. They are logical, efficient, orderly, and organized. They are thorough and detail-oriented. They value precision and accuracy. They are reliable. They enjoy practical tasks, quantitative measurements, and structured environments. They follow the rules."[10]
- Accounting/Tax advisor
- Actuary
- Administration
- Administrative Assistant
- Auditor
- Banking
- Bank teller
- Bookkeeper
- Business/MBA
- Business economics
- Cashier
- Clerk
- Computer science/Computer programming/Interface design/Web Development Specialist
- Court Reporter
- Customer service
- Database administrator
- Economics
- Education/Counseling or Teaching (M.S., M.A.T., or Ph.D)
- Educational administration
- Engineer
- Finance
- Financial Analyst
- Insurance
- Investment banking
- Lawyer/Paralegal
- Management
- Market Research Analyst
- Mathematics
- Mathematical economics
- Math teacher
- Office manager
- Payroll
- Pharmacist
- Purchasing
- Receptionist
- Secretary
- Statistics
Artistic (with a Conventional combination)
- Proofreader/Copy Editor
- Library and information science/Archivist
- Linguistics
- Technical writer[11][12][13][14][15][30][35][17][19][20][21][40][27][28][41][26][31][33]
Notes
- ^ a b John L. Holland: Award for Distinguished Scientific Application of Psychology
- ^ New Hampshire Employment Security/New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau
- ^ RIASEC CODES: California State University, East Bay
- ^ Holland, John. Making Vocational Choices: a theory of careers. (Prentice-Hall, 1973): 6.
- ^ Holland, John. Making Vocational Choices: a theory of careers. (Prentice-Hall, 1973): 2.
- ^ Holland, John. Making Vocational Choices: a theory of careers. (Prentice-Hall, 1973): 3.
- ^ Replace with a database: O*NET replaces the Dictionary of Occupational Titles
- ^ Rounds, James, Patrick I. Armstrong, Hsin-Ya Liao, and Phil Lewis & David Rivkin. "Second Generation Occupational Interest Profiles for the O*NET System: Summary." The National Center for O*NET Development, June 2008.
- ^ O*NET OnLine: Interests
- ^ a b c d e f Birmingham-Southern College Career Services: Careers and Personality
- ^ a b c d e f George Mason University Career Services: Holland Themes
- ^ a b c d e Maricopa Community Colleges
- ^ a b c d e Morehead State University majors by Holland Code
- ^ a b c d e University of Oklahoma: Career Services-Majors Classified by Holland Codes
- ^ a b c d e University of California, Berkeley: Matching Your Interests in UCB Majors
- ^ Green Careers Resource Guide:Los Angeles Community College District
- ^ a b c Overview of John Holland's Six Career Themes: The Community College of Baltimore County
- ^ Auburn School District: Activity: Coding Interests
- ^ a b c d e Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training: Career Anchor
- ^ a b c Virginia Commonwealth University: Discovering Your Major
- ^ a b c University of Central Florida: My Major Interests
- ^ a b c Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-E
- ^ Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-S
- ^ Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-R
- ^ Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-A
- ^ a b Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-I
- ^ a b c d e f Watertown School District: Discover Your Interests
- ^ a b c d e Georgetown University:Career/Major Interest Game
- ^ University College, Illinois State University: Holland Code Major Exploration Activity
- ^ a b c d e Riverland Community College: Career Interest Matching Admissions Community College
- ^ a b c d e Regent University: How Do I Know I'm In the Right Field?
- ^ University College, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis:Matching Personalities with Majors/Careers-R
- ^ a b c Central Piedmont Community College-Web Technologies
- ^ Green River Community College: Career Themes (RIASEC)
- ^ a b c Holland Codes for University of Missouri Majors
- ^ UCSB Career Services -S
- ^ MU Career Center Guide to Holland Codes
- ^ UCSB Career Services - E
- ^ University of Texas, San Antonio:Enterprising-The 'Persuaders'
- ^ Huntingdon College: RIASEC: What type of person are you, and what career would fit you?-C
- ^ UCSB Career Services - C
Further reading
- Holland, John L. Making vocational choices: a theory of careers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
- Mariana, Matthew. "Replace with a database: O*NET replaces the Dictionary of Occupational Titles." Occupational Outlook Quarterly Online, Spring 1999 Vol. 43, Number 1.
- Rounds, James, Patrick I. Armstrong, Hsin-Ya Liao, and Phil Lewis & David Rivkin. "Second Generation Occupational Interest Profiles for the O*NET System: Summary." The National Center for O*NET Development, June 2008.
External links
Career matching (free):
- O*NET OnLine:Interests RIASEC online database - Occupational Information Network (O*NET): US Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA)
- Rhode Island Career Resource Network - Rhode Island: Department of Labor
- Key to the Information in the Career Charts - Government of Utah - Office of Education
- Web Technology Careers - Central Piedmont Community College
- Green Careers Resource Guide (by RIASEC, p.10) -Los Angeles Community College District
College Majors matching (free):
- Colorado College (B.A./B.S. degrees) - Colorado College
- Riverland Community College (A.A degrees) - Riverland Community College
- University of California, Berkeley (B.A./B.S. degrees) - University of California, Berkeley
- University of Oklahoma (B.A./B.S. degrees) - University of Oklahoma
Online tests (free):
- California Career Zone - Government of California/California Department of Education
- Holland Code (RIASEC) Test (uses the public domain Interest Item Pool (IIP), University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign)
- NHTI - NHTI, Concord's Community College
- Rogue Community College - Rogue Community College
- Rutgers University:Interests and Rutgers University:Skills - Rutgers University