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=== Evolution of the MC ===
=== Evolution of the MC ===


Mc whaler 1 2 3 got sent out for being naughty
[[Rapping]] then developed, as MCs would talk over the music to promote their Dj, promote other dance parties, or take light-hearted jabs at other lyricists. This soon developed into the rapping that appears on earlier basic hip-hop singles, with MCs talking about problems in their areas and issues facing the community as a whole. [[Melle Mel]], a rapper/lyricist with The [[Furious Five]] is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC".<ref>[http://www.allhiphop.com/features/?ID=1686 article about Melle Mel (Melle Mel) at AllHipHop.com]
</ref>

By the late 1970s myriad Djs were releasing 12" cuts where MCs would rap to crowd-moving beats. Popular tunes included [[Grandmaster Flash]] & The Furious Five's "Supperrappin'," [[Kurtis Blow]]'s "[[The Breaks]]," and [[The Sugar Hill Gang]]'s "[[Rapper's Delight]]". In 1982, Melle Mel and Duke Bootee recorded "The Message" (officially credited to Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five), a song that foreshadowed socially conscious hip hop.<ref>Rose, Tricia. "Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America", pages 53-55. Wesleyan Press, 1994.</ref>


=== Terminology ===
=== Terminology ===

Revision as of 15:00, 22 January 2008

For other uses, see Hip-hop culture (disambiguation).

Hip hop (also spelled hip-hop or hiphop) is both a cultural movement and a genre of music developed in New York City in the 1970s, predominantly by African Americans and Latinos.[1] Since first emerging in the Bronx, the lifestyle of hip hop culture has today spread around the world. Hip hop music, a form of popular music which grew out of the culture, is also today performed and heard by audiences worldwide. Hip hop as a cultural movement encompasses a wide array of human activities, referred to as elements, including but not limited to DJing, emceeing, breakdance, and graffiti.

Elements

Hip hop culture is usually considered to center on the following four activities, widely referred to amongst the hip hop community as "the four elements of hip hop":

History of hip hop

Main article: History of hip hop music

Hip hop music and DJ'ing

In the early 1970s, Clive Campbell, a Jamaican born DJ who went by the name "Kool Herc," arrived in New York City. Herc introduced the Jamaican tradition of toasting, or boasting impromptu poetry and sayings over Reggae, Disco and Funk records, during parties held in parks in the Bronx, New York. Herc and other DJs would tap into the power lines at public basketball courts to connect their equipment and perform. Herc was also the developer of break-beat deejaying, where the breaks of funk songs—the part most suited to dance, often featuring percussion—were isolated and repeated for the purpose of all-night dance parties. Later Djs such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakbeats, including cutting.[2] The Bronx building "where hip hop was born" is 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Kool Herc starting spinning records.[3]

Herc's idea was soon widely copied, and by the late 70s myriad DJs were releasing 12" records where they would rap to the beat. Popular tunes included Kurtis Blow's "The Breaks", and The Sugar Hill Gang's "Rapper's Delight."

Evolution of the MC

Mc whaler 1 2 3 got sent out for being naughty

Terminology

Pre Culture Term Use

The word "hip" meaning "informed" was a black slang term originating in 1904[1]The first known combination of the term Hip and Hop together to form the term "Hip Hop" is found in the lyrics to a song called "You Can't Sit Down [2] by the pop group" The Dovells . The song charted on Billboard in 1963. One of the lyrics to the song was

"you gotta, slop bop, flip flop, hip hop, all around" [3]

The phrase used in the above lyric from 1963 was used to describe dancing. In 1968 a full page advertisement for Air-India airlines had the headline "The Hip Hop". The ad was promoting an 8:30 flight to London. One of the places that the ad appeared on was the back cover of a tour book for Ravi Shankar for his 1968 Festival From India tour. Both of these earlier usages of the term "Hip Hop" were previous to the current context and usage of this term now used to describe Rap music, Breakdancing, Turntablism and Graffiti.

The New Meaning

The modern usage of the words "Hip Hop" begins in the late 1970s. Afrika Bambaataa's Zulu nation credits the first use of the term "Hip Hop" as it relates to it's current meaning [4] to Lovebug Starski a DJ who later put out a single called "The Positive Life" in 1981. Others, including Keith Cowboy, a rapper from the group Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five and DJ Hollywood were also using the term when the music was known as Disco Rap. It is said that Keith Cowboy was the first to use it as a regular part of his stage performance. He had originally used the words "Hip Hop" to tease a friend who had joined the Army, scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" to imitate the sound of marching soldiers.[4] Cowboy's use of the term was quickly copied by other artists as is heard in the opening of the song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang.[4] Pure Disco fans had begun to mock these MCs calling them "Hip Hoppers", but South Bronx community leader, DJ and pioneering Hip Hop artist Afrika Bambaataa turned the term around and into a positive light to describe all of the elements of hip hop culture.

Hip hop embraces technology

Hip hop as a culture was further defined in 1983, when Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force released a track called "Planet Rock." Instead of simply rapping over disco beats, Bambaataa created an innovative electronic sound, taking advantage of the rapidly improving drum machine and synthesizer technology. The accompanying music video for Planet Rock showcased a unique subculture of musicians, graffiti artists and breakdancers, at times performing seemingly impossible feats. [citation needed]

The appearance of music videos changed entertainment: they often glorified urban neighborhoods, commonly called ghettos.[5]. Many hip hop related films were released between 1983 and 1985, among them Wild Style, Beat Street, Krush Groove, Breakin, and the documentary Style Wars. These films expanded the appeal of hip hop beyond the boundaries of New York.

By 1985, youth worldwide were laying down scrap linoleum or cardboard, setting down portable stereos and spinning on their backs in tracksuits and sneakers to music by Run DMC, LL Cool J, the Fat Boys, Herbie Hancock, EPMD, Soulsonic Force, Jazzy Jay, Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and Stetsasonic, just to name a few. The hip hop artwork and "slang" of US urban communities quickly found its way to Europe and Asia, as the culture's global appeal took root

Legacy

Breakdance, an early form of hip hop dance, often involve battles, showing off skills without any physical contact with the adversaries.

Early hip hop has often been credited with helping to reduce inner-city gang violence by replacing physical violence with hip hop battles of dance and artwork. However, with the emergence of commercial and crime-related rap during the early 1990s, an emphasis on violence was incorporated, with many rappers boasting about drugs, weapons, misogyny, and violence. While hip hop music now appeals to a broader demographic, media critics argue that socially and politically conscious hip hop has long been disregarded by mainstream America in favor of gangsta rap.[6]

Though created in the United States by African Americans, the reach of hip hop is global. Youth culture and opinion is meted out in both Israeli hip hop and Palestinian hip hop, while France, Germany, the U.K., Africa, and the Caribbean have long-established hip hop followings. According to the U.S. Department of State, hip hop is "now the center of a mega music and fashion industry around the world," that crosses social barriers and cuts across racial lines.[7] National Geographic recognizes hip hop as "the world's favorite youth culture" in which "just about every country on the planet seems to have developed its own local rap scene. Even though the main topic is drugs, sex, and violence." [8]

See also

Template:Hip hop portal

References

  1. ^ http://www.thenext.org.nz/the_resource/history_of_hiphop.php
  2. ^ History of Hip Hop - Written by Davey D
  3. ^ Tenants Might Buy the Birthplace of Hip-Hop, Jennifer 8. Lee, New York Times, January 15, 2008.
  4. ^ a b http://web.archive.org/web/20060317071002/http://www.furious5.net/cowboy.htm
  5. ^ Rose, Tricia."Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America" page 192. Wesleyan Press, 1994
  6. ^ http://www.cas.muohio.edu/eng421/cases/butler1.html
  7. ^ http://usinfo.state.gov/scv/Archive/2006/May/12-522164.html
  8. ^ http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/genre/content.genre/hip_hop_730
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