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Hidenoyama Raigorō

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Hidenoyama Raigorō
秀ノ山 雷五郎
Woodblock print of Hidenoyama by Kunisada, circa 1850
Personal information
BornKikuta Tatsugorō
1808
Kesennuma, Mutsu, Japan
DiedJune 16, 1862(1862-06-16) (aged 54)
Height1.64 m (5 ft 5 in)
Weight135 kg (298 lb)
Career
StableSekinoto → Hidenoyama
Record112-21-96
33draws-2holds (Makuuchi)
DebutMarch, 1828
Highest rankYokozuna (September 1847)
RetiredMarch, 1850
Elder nameHidenoyama
Championships6 (Makuuchi, unofficial)
* Up to date as of October 2007.

Hidenoyama Raigorō (秀ノ山 雷五郎, 1808 – June 16, 1862) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Kesennuma, Mutsu Province. He was the sport's 9th yokozuna.

Career

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Born Kikuta Tatsugorō (菊田 辰五郎), he later took the surname Hashimoto (橋本). He aspired to become a rikishi because his second brother was an ōzeki.[1] In 1823, he attempted to make his debut in Sekinoto stable [ja], but he was completely ignored by his master (komusubi Arakuma Rikinosuke) due to his short height of only 1.51 m (4 ft 11+12 in), and did nothing but chores and was not allowed to train or even step in the ring.[2] He joined Hidenoyama stable, led by ōzeki Genjiyama, in 1827 and made his debut in March 1828, under the shikona, or ring name, Kitayama Tatsugorō (北山 辰五郎). Then, he wrestled for the Matsuidara clan [ja] under the shikona Amatsukaze Kumoemon (天津風 雲右衛門).[2] Due to the poor financial situation of the Matsuidara clan, he was removed from his position around 1827.[1] After reaching the rank of sekiwake he was given the shikona Tatsugami Kumoemon (立神 雲右衞門) and reached ōzeki. However, it is said that his promotion was more of a fill-in for Shiranui's repeated failures to appear, and he was dropped back at sekiwake.[1] In 1844, after he was promoted back to ōzeki he changed his shikona twice by taking the name of Iwamigata Jōemon (岩見潟 丈右衞門) and then succeeding to his master by taking the name Hidenoyama Raigorō (秀ノ山 雷五郎).

Yokozuna

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He received his yokozuna licence from the Yoshida family in September 1845. His height of 1.64 m (5 ft 4+12 in) is lowest among all yokozuna in sumo's long history. He was not one of the greatest wrestlers of his time, but received the licence because he had influential backers[3] and is even sometimes assimilated as a full member of the Yoshida family.[2] Ōzeki Tsurugizan Taniemon reportedly handed over the yokozuna licence to Hidenoyama.[4]

Retirement from sumo

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He retired in March 1850, as he was 54 years old at the time, and is said to have performed in the yokozuna ring-entering ceremony until 1861. He recorded 30 consecutive wins and won the equivalent of six championships before the modern yūshō system was established. In the top makuuchi division, he won 112 bouts and lost 21 bouts, recording a winning percentage of 84.2. After his retirement, he was an elder known as Hidenoyama and later trained yokozuna Jinmaku and ōzeki Ayasegawa. Hidenoyama died in June, 1862 and sekiwake Kasagiyama (笠置山) succeeded the name Hidenoyama.[1]

The "Kaei turmoil"

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Hidenoyama served as a judge (naka-aratame, modern shimpan) but this gave him many opportunities to give favourable decisions to his own pupils. At that time, there were many lower division wrestlers and they were sometimes forced to be absent from sumo bouts. They attempted to have their number of sumo bouts increased. He had the right of deciding their attendances and rejected this, excluding his own pupils. The other lower ranking wrestlers were angry, accusing him of bias, and went on strike because of his practices in 1851.[5] It was the first walkout in sumo history and the event is now known as the 'Kaei turmoil' (嘉永の紛擾). Hidenoyama eventually apologized to the wrestlers.[1]

Fighting style

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He was not good at wrestling against skillful wrestlers like sekiwake Inagawa (稲川) and ōzeki Tsurugizan, but he was able to compensate for his small size, roundness and fragility by training hard.[1] He is also said to have a great fighting spirit.[2]

Homage

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A 10-ton bronze statue of Hidenoyama was erected in Kesennuma, Miyagi Prefecture, at the entrance of the bay. In 2011, the statue became a symbol of resilience after surviving the Great East Japan Earthquake.[6]

Top division record

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  • The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.
Hidenoyama[7]
- Spring Winter
1837 West Maegashira #7
4–1–5
 
West Maegashira #4
0–3–5
2d

 
1838 West Maegashira #4
3–0–3
 
West Maegashira #4
8–0–1
1h
Unofficial

 
1839 West Maegashira #1
7–0–2
1d
Unofficial

 
West Komusubi
6–0–2
2d
Unofficial

 
1840 West Sekiwake
7–1–1
1d

 
West Sekiwake
5–1–2
2d

 
1841 West Ōzeki
6–1–2
1d

 
West Ōzeki
5–2
1d

 
1842 West Ōzeki
3–2–1
4d

 
West Sekiwake
5–1–1
3d

 
1843 West Sekiwake
5–0–4
1d
Unofficial

 
West Sekiwake
5–1–3
1d

 
1844 West Sekiwake
5–1–2
2d

 
West Ōzeki
8–0–2
Unofficial

 
1845 West Ōzeki
6–0–2
2d
Unofficial

 
West Ōzeki
6–1–2
1d

 
1846 West Ōzeki
2–0–7
1d

 
Sat out
1847 West Ōzeki
3–3–1
3d

 
West Ōzeki
4–0–3
3d

 
1848 West Ōzeki
4–2–3
1d

 
West Ōzeki
5–1–2
1d 1h

 
1849 Sat out Sat out
1850 West Ōzeki
Retired
0–0–10
x
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Retired Lower Divisions

Key:   d=Draw(s) (引分);   h=Hold(s) (預り);   nr=no result recorded
Divisions: MakuuchiJūryōMakushitaSandanmeJonidanJonokuchi

Makuuchi ranks: 
Yokozuna (not ranked as such on banzuke until 1890)
ŌzekiSekiwakeKomusubiMaegashira

*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament and the above unofficial championships are historically conferred. For more information see yūshō.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Atsuo Tsubota. "Biographies of Yokozuna (4th to 13th)" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 5 March 2002. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "9th Yokozuna Hidenoyama Raigorō - Time-Line". Ozumo database (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  3. ^ Newton, Clyde (1994). Dynamic Sumo. Kodansha. p. 51. ISBN 4-7700-1802-9.
  4. ^ "Masters are not good at it! (Ozeki, Tsurugizan Taniemon)" (in Japanese). Japan Sumo Association. Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  5. ^ "Hidenoyama Raigoro" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2001-01-17. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
  6. ^ "Hidenoyama Raigoro Statue". Kesennuma City Hashikami Tourism Association (in Japanese). 16 January 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Hidenoyama Raigoro Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2007-10-04.


Preceded by 9th Yokozuna
1847–1850
Succeeded by
Yokozuna is not a successive rank, and more than one wrestler can hold the title at once