Auricular hypertrichosis
| Auricular hypertrichosis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Otology |
Auricular hypertrichosis (hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita, hypertrichosis pinnae auris) is a genetic condition expressed as long and strong hairs growing from the helix of the pinna.[1][page needed]
Presentation
[edit]Ear hair generally refers to the terminal hair arising from follicles inside the external auditory meatus in humans.[2] In its broader sense, ear hair may also include the fine vellus hair covering much of the ear, particularly at the prominent parts of the anterior ear, or even the abnormal hair growth as seen in hypertrichosis and hirsutism. Medical research on the function of ear hair is currently very scarce.
Hair growth within the ear canal is often observed to increase in older men,[3] together with increased growth of nose hair.[4] Excessive hair growth within or on the ear is known medically as auricular hypertrichosis.[5] Some men, particularly in the male population of India, have coarse hair growth along the lower portion of the helix, a condition referred to as "having hairy pinnae" (hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita).[6]
Genetics
[edit]The genetic basis of auricular hypertrichosis has not been settled. Some researchers have proposed a Y-linked pattern of inheritance and others have suggested an autosomal gene is responsible. A third hypothesis predicts the phenotype results from the interaction of two loci, one on the homologous part of the X and Y and one on the nonhomologous sequence of the Y.[7] These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and there may be a variety of genetic mechanisms underlying this phenotype.
Lee et al. (2004), using Y-chromosomal DNA binary-marker haplotyping, suggested that a cohort of southern Indian hairy-eared males carried Y chromosomes from many haplogroup.[8] The hypothesis of Y- linkage would require multiple independent mutations within a single population. No significant difference between the Y-haplogroup frequencies of hairy-eared males and those of a geographically matched control sample of unaffected males was established. The study concluded that auricular hypertrichosis is not Y-linked in southern India, though this result may not apply to all to all populations.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Mader, Sylvia S. (2000). Human biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-290584-7. OCLC 41049448.
- ^ W. Steven Pray. "Swimmer's Ear: An Ear Canal Infection". U.S. Pharmacist. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ^ Leyner, Mark; M.D., Billy Goldberg (2005-07-26). Why Do Men Have Nipples?: Hundreds of Questions You'd Only Ask a Doctor After Your Third Martini. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 206–. ISBN 9780307337047. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Nagourney, Eric (December 13, 2012). "Why Is Hair Growing Out of There?". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Scott Jackson; Lee T. Nesbitt (25 April 2012). Differential Diagnosis for the Dermatologist. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 125. ISBN 978-3-642-28006-1. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ^ Hawke Library. "Otoscopy: The Pinna". Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Dronamraju, KR (1964). "Y-linkage in Man". Nature. 201 (4917): 424–5. Bibcode:1964Natur.201..424D. doi:10.1038/201424b0. PMID 14110028. S2CID 4275336.
- ^ Lee, AC; Kamalam, A; Adams, SM; Jobling, MA (2004). "Molecular evidence for absence of Y-linkage of the Hairy Ears trait". Eur J Hum Genet. 12 (12): 1077–9. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201271. PMID 15367914.
- ^ Rao, DC (1972). "Hypertrichosis of the ear rims. Two remarks on the two-gene hypothesis". Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 21 (3): 216–20. doi:10.1017/s1120962300010933. PMID 4669458.