Hail, America
| Hail, America | |
|---|---|
| March by George Drumm | |
Trio section performed by the U.S. Marine Band during a 2014 presidential entrance | |
| Related | |
| Composed | 1917 |
| Publisher | G. Schirmer, Inc. |
| Premiere | |
| Date | 1918 |
| Location | New York City |
"Hail, America" is a regal concert march composed by George Drumm. It is known for its fanfare and trio sections performed during the presidential entrance at state dinners. It has also been used as the honors music for the President-elect of the United States.
Background
[edit]"Hail, America" was composed by George Drumm, a German immigrant to the United States, in 1917 and first publicly performed during a concert in New York City the following year.[1][2] Drumm appears to have composed the march to rebut questions as to his national loyalty after the United States declaration of war on Germany. According to Drumm, he wrote the march while riding the subway between Manhattan and Brooklyn.[3][4]
Dwight Eisenhower preferred "Hail, America" to the traditional arrival march "Hail to the Chief" and ordered it performed at the 1953 and 1957 inaugurations to introduce him. Beginning with John F. Kennedy, the use of "Hail to the Chief" was resumed.[2]
The trio section of "Hail, America" was performed to introduce then President-elect Barack Obama during the 2009 presidential inauguration, eight years later, to introduce then President-elect Donald Trump at the 2017 presidential inauguration, and four years later, to introduce then President-elect Joe Biden in the 2021 presidential inauguration.[5][6]
Presidential entrance
[edit]"Hail, America" is performed by United States Marine Band during a short transit ceremony by which the president of the United States moves from the second floor to the state floor of the White House on official occasions. In the ceremony, the president, the First Lady of the United States and, if applicable, a guest of honor and the guest of honor's spouse, descend the Grand Staircase accompanied by a military escort advancing the flag of the United States and the flag of the president of the United States.[7]
The Grand Staircase was reconstructed in the imperial stair form by Theodore Roosevelt specifically to serve as a stage for the presidential entrance, whose early version had the president followed by a procession of 30 attendants and dignitaries.[8][3] Cartoons at the time frequently portrayed Roosevelt descending the stairs crowned by a diadem. "Hail, America", however, did not become the musical accompaniment to the ceremony until the presidency of Eisenhower.[9][2]
Early in the presidency of Jimmy Carter the presidential entrance was scrapped as part of an effort by Carter to make White House events less formal.[10] During the 1977 state visit of Mexico, presidents Carter and José López Portillo descended the staircase without a military escort or the performance of "Hail, America". However, Misty Malarky Yin Yang, Amy Carter's cat, escaped from its room and unexpectedly joined presidents Carter and Portillo, according to one source "marching down the stairs most regally and surefooted" at the head of the group.[11] (Another source, however, seems to dispute Misty Malarkey Yin Yang's composure, reporting instead that the cat actually appeared "very confused" while leading Carter and Portillo.[10]) The performance of the presidential entrance ceremony was resurrected the following week, during the official visit of Canada. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, who had participated in the presidential entrance during previous visits to the United States, at the time remarked "I love coming in to that music" in reference to "Hail, America".[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Most Brilliant Season for Symphony Orchestra Forecast". Minneapolis Star-Tribune. October 26, 1919. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Palatine Emigrant Is Composer of US Presidential Hymn – or Is He?". EKD. Evangelical Church in Germany. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ^ a b Heimerl, Stefan (October 20, 2016). "Georg Drumm, der Autodidakt". Die Rheinpfalz. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- ^ "George Drumm, Composer". German National Tourism Bureau. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ^ Inaugural Prelude (PDF). U.S. Marine Band. 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
- ^ Inaugural Prelude. U.S. Marine Band. 2009.
- ^ Kirk, Elise (1992). Musical Highlights from the White House. Krieger. p. 169. ISBN 0-89464-664-8.
- ^ Michael W. Fazio; Patrick A. Snadon (2006). The Domestic Architecture of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 360–363. ISBN 0-8018-8104-8.
- ^ The White House: Actors and Observers. UPNE. 2002. pp. xv–xviii. ISBN 978-1-55553-547-6.
- ^ a b "Informality at White House". Independent Press-Telegram. February 20, 1977. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- ^ Bauer, Stephen (2004). At Ease in the White House: Social Life as Seen by a Presidential Military Aide. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 277. ISBN 1-58979-079-0.
- ^ Trescott, Jacqueline (February 22, 1977). "Surprises and Flourishes At the 2nd State Dinner". Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2017.