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{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name =Guangzhou
|official_name ={{lang|zh-cn|广州市}}
|native_name ='''{{lang|zh-cn|广州}}'''
|settlement_type =[[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China|Sub-provincial city]]
|image_skyline =Guangzhou montage.png
|image_caption =From top: [[Tianhe District|Tianhe]] CBD, the [[Canton Tower]] & [[Chigang Pagoda]], [[Haizhu Bridge]], [[Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)|Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall]], Statue of Five Goats, [[Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)|Zhenhai Tower]] in Yuexiu Park, and [[Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou|Sacred Heart Cathedral]].
|image_map =ChinaGuangdongGuangzhou.png
|map_caption =Location of Guangzhou City (yellow) in Guangdong
|pushpin_map =China
|pushpin_label_position= bottom
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in China
|pushpin_mapsize =
|coordinates_display =inline,title
|coordinates_region =CN-44
|subdivision_type =Country
|subdivision_name =People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of the People's Republic of China|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[Guangdong]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|parts_type =
|parts =
|government_type =Sub-provincial city
|leader_title =[[Mayor of Guangzhou|CPC Ctte Secretary]]
|leader_name =[[Wan Qingliang]]
|leader_title1 =[[Mayor of Guangzhou|Mayor]]
|leader_name1 =[[Chen Jianhua]]
|area_total_km2 =7434
|area_total_sq_mi =2870
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =3843
|area_urban_sq_mi =1484
|area_footnotes =<ref name="guangzhoustatarea">{{cite web|url=http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/yearqueryAction.do?method=displayRpt&ACTFLAG=3&FID=21901&RPTID=TJ_RPT_984248444736412557&RPTNAME=%CD%C1%B5%D8%C3%E6%BB%FD%BA%CD%C8%CB%BF%DA%C3%DC%B6%C8&FLTITLE=%B9%E3%D6%DD%CD%B3%BC%C6%D7%CA%C1%CF%282008%C4%EA%29|title={{lang|zh-cn|土地面积、人口密度（2008年）}}|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|accessdate=2010-02-08}}</ref>
|elevation_m =21
|elevation_ft =68
|elevation_footnotes =
|population_total =12700800
|population_as_of =2010
|population_footnotes =<ref name="2010census">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/glpcgb/201105/t20110517_25227.htm|title={{lang|zh-cn|广州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报}}|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|date=2011-05-16|language=Chinese|accessdate=2011-05-25}}</ref>
|population_density_km2 =1708
|population_density_sq_mi =4425
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_urban =11070654
|population_density_urban_km2 =2881
|population_demonym =Guangzhouese<br>Cantonese
|timezone =[[China standard time]]
|utc_offset =+8
|latd= 23 |latm= 08 |latNS= N
|longd=113 |longm=16 |longEW=E
|postal_code_type =[[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code =510000
|area_code =[[Telephone numbers in China|20]]
|blank_name =GDP<ref name="guangdongstatyearbook">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjfx/gztjfs/201104/t20110411_24947.htm|title={{lang|zh-cn|2010年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报}}|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|date=2011-04-07|language=Chinese|accessdate=2011-05-25}}</ref>
|blank_info =2010
|blank1_name =&nbsp;- Total
|blank1_info =[[Renminbi|CN¥]]1060.448 billion<br>(US$163.3 billion)
|blank2_name =&nbsp;- Per capita
|blank2_info =CN¥83,494<br>(US$12,860)<!--2010 census population used for calculation-->
|blank4_name =&nbsp;- Growth
|blank4_info ={{increase}} 13.0%
|blank5_name =[[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|Licence plate]] prefixes
|blank5_info ={{lang|zh-cn|粤}}A
|website = http://english.gz.gov.cn
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|order=st
|pic=Guangzhou in Chinese S.svg
|piccap="Guangzhou", as written in Simplified Chinese
|picsize=
|s=广州
|t=廣州
|l=Wide State or Capital of Guangfu
|showflag=jyp
|p=Guǎngzhōu
|w=Kuang-chou<br />{{Audio|zh-Guangzhou.ogg|[Listen]}}
|j=Gwong² zau<sup>1</sup>
|y=Gwóngjàu
|psp=Canton
|poj=Kńg-chiu
|h=Kóng-chû
|wuu=kuaon tseu
}}

'''Guangzhou''' ({{zh|s=广州}}; {{IPA-cmn|kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯}}), known historically as '''Canton''' or '''Kwangchow''',<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/93196/Guangzhou Guangzhou (China)]". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed September 12, 2010.</ref> is the capital and largest city of the [[Guangdong]] province, [[China|People's Republic of China]]. Located on the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]], about {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} north-northwest of [[Hong Kong]], Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and [[Port of Guangzhou|trading port]].<ref name="Official">{{cite web
|url=http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guangzhou/Introduction/280318.html
|title=Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality
|work=visitgz.com
|accessdate=2010-03-21}}</ref> One of the five [[National Central City|National Central Cities]],<ref>{{cite news
|title={{lang|zh-cn|全国城镇规划确定五大中心城市}}
|url=http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78ec593375/Blog/300/19c802.html
|work=Southern Metropolitan Daily
|date=2010-02-09
|accessdate=2010-07-29}}</ref> it holds [[sub-provincial]] administrative status.

Guangzhou is the third largest Chinese city and [[South Central China|southern China]]'s largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million.<ref>{{cite web|author= Th. Brinkhoff |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |title=The Principal Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics & Maps |publisher=Citypopulation.de |date=2011-04-05 |accessdate=2011-08-13}}</ref> Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including [[Shenzhen]] (''10.36 million''), [[Dongguan]] (''8.22 million'') and most parts of [[Foshan]] (''7.19 million''), [[Jiangmen]] (''4.45 million''), [[Zhongshan]] (''3.12 million'') and a small part of [[Huizhou]] adjoining [[Dongguan]] and [[Shenzhen]], with an area of about {{Convert|20000|km2|mi2}} (about the same size as [[Slovenia]]).
In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a [[Beta World City]] by the global city index produced by GaWC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index |title=The 2008 Global Cities Index |publisher=Foreign Policy |date=2008-10-15 |accessdate=2011-06-02}}</ref>

Greater Guangzhou was recently named as one of the 13 emerging megacities or megalopolises in China in a July 2012 report by the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]]; [http://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=Megalopolis2012 Supersized cities: China’s 13 megalopolises]. The report pinpoints and highlights the demographic and income trends that are shaping these cities' development.

==History==
=== Early History ===
Guangzhou's earliest recorded name is Panyu ({{zh|c=番禺|j=Pun<sup>1</sup> Jyu<sup>4</sup>}}), a name borrowed from two nearby mountains anciently called Pan and Yu.<ref>''Zhongguo Gujin Diming Dacidian'' 中国古今地名大词典, 2005. (Shanghai: ''Shanghai Cishu Dacidian''), 2901.</ref> Its recorded history begins with China's conquering of the area during the [[Qin Dynasty]]. Panyu expanded when it became capital of the [[Nanyue]] Kingdom (南越) in 206 BC, the territory of the Nanyue Kingdom included what is now Vietnam.

The [[Han Dynasty]] annexed the Nanyue Kingdom in 111 BC and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so today. In 226 AD, Panyu became the seat of Guang Prefecture (廣州; Guangzhou). While originally referring to prefecture only, local citizens gradually adopted the custom of using the same name for their city. {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

Although Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of [[Qing Dynasty]]. {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}. Today, Panyu is a district of Guangzhou south of Haizhu District separated from the rest of the city by the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]].

The Old Book of Tang (simplified Chinese: [[唐书]]) described Guangzhou as important port in south of China.<ref>刘煦.旧唐书·王方庆传〔M〕.北京：中华书局，1975</ref> [[Arab people|Arab]] and [[Persian people|Persian]] merchants arrived Guangzhou (known to them as '''Khanfu''' or '''Sin-Kalan''') in 8th century. In that period, direct routes connected the Middle East and China. A Chinese prisoner, who was captured in the [[Battle of Talas]] and stayed in [[Iraq]] for 12 years, returned back to China by ship on a direct route from Iraq to Guangzhou.<ref>杜佑.通典：卷191〔M〕.北京：中华书局，1984</ref> Guangzhou was mentioned by various Muslim geographers in the ninth and tenth centuries, such as [[Al-Masudi]] and [[Ibn Khordadbeh]].<ref>H·Yule, Cathay and the Way Thither Vol. 1〔M〕. London: Hakluyt Society, 1916. </ref> According to a local Guangzhou government report on October 30, 758, which corresponded to the day of ''Guisi'' (癸巳) of the ninth [[Chinese calendar|lunar]] month in the first year of the [[Chinese era name|''Qianyuan'' era]] of [[Emperor Suzong of Tang|Emperor Suzong]] of the [[Tang Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kZPMZ0AkLzoC&pg=PA3&dq=On+the+knowledge+possessed+by+the+ancient+Chinese+of+the+Arabs+and+Arabian#v=snippet&q=arabs%20persians%20together%20758%20sacked%20burned%20kuang%20chou%20&f=false |title=On the knowledge possessed by the ancient Chinese of the Arabs and Arabian colonies: and other western countries, mentioned in Chinese books |author=E. Bretschneider |year=1871 |publisher=Trübner & Co |location=London |page=10|isbn=|accessdate=2010-06-28}}(Original from Harvard University)</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Frank |last=Welsh |authorlink= Frank Welsh (writer) |editor=Maya Rao |year=1974 |title=A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong |isbn=1-56836-134-3 |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=Needham |authorlink=Joseph Needham |title=Science & Civilisation in China |year=1954 |pages=1, 179 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Sima Guang]] |title=[[Zizhi Tongjian]] (Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government)}}</ref> The [[Arab]] historian Abu Zayd As-Sirafi mentioned Guangzhou several times in his book 'As-Sirafi Journey'' ([[Arabic]]: رحلة السيرافي. As-Sirafi provides a description about daily life, food, business dealings, and justice system in the city. As-Sirafi also reports that in 878 followers of the Chinese rebel leader [[Huang Chao]] besieged the city and massacred a large number of foreign merchants resident there in the [[Guangzhou massacre]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=Gabriel Ferrand |year=1922 |title=Voyage du marchand arabe Sulaymân en Inde et en Chine, rédigé en 851, suivi de remarques par Abû Zayd Hasan (vers 916)|page=76}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/judaism/kaifung.html |title = Kaifung Jews | publisher = University of Cumbria, Division of Religion and Philosophy}}</ref><ref> أبوزيد حسن السيرافي ،"رحلة السيرافي"،المجمع الثقافي، أبو ظبي، عام 1999م</ref>

From the tenth to twelfth century, [[Persian people|Persian]] women were to be found in Guangzhou. Multiple women originating from the [[Persian Gulf]] lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter.<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rBIUAQAAMAAJ&dq=a+young+Persian+woman%2C+whom+he+doted+upon+so+much&q=persian+woman|title=Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2
|author=Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Kenkyūbu
|year=1928
|publisher=The Toyo Bunko
|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan
|page=34
|isbn=
|accessdate=2011-02-09
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_2004_num_68_1_3830?_Prescripts_Search_tabs1=standard&|title=Les Persans à l'extrémité orientale de la route maritime (IIe A.E. -XVIIe siècle)|author=Lombard-Salmon Claudine|year=2004|publisher=Archipel. Volume 68|page=40|isbn=|accessdate=03 mars 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ixuAAAAMAAJ&q=Les+chroniques+52+gardent+le+souvenir+d'une+dame+persane+qui+%C3%A9tait+dans+le+harem+du+quatri%C3%A8me+et+dernier+souverain,+Liu+Chang+glJH+(959-971).+Les+d%C3%A9buts+du+commerce+international+sur+le+territoire+des+souverains+de+l'%C3%89tat+de+...&dq=Les+chroniques+52+gardent+le+souvenir+d'une+dame+persane+qui+%C3%A9tait+dans+le+harem+du+quatri%C3%A8me+et+dernier+souverain,+Liu+Chang+glJH+(959-971).+Les+d%C3%A9buts+du+commerce+international+sur+le+territoire+des+souverains+de+l'%C3%89tat+de+...|title=Archipel, Issues 67–68|author=Société pour l'étude et la connaissance du monde insulindien, Association Archipel, Centre de documentatio et de recherches sur l'Asie du Sud-Est et le monde indonésien, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, École des hautes études en sciences sociales|year=2004|publisher=SECMI.|page=40|isbn=|accessdate=2011-03-03}}</ref> Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and [[Arab]], calling them both "Dashi" (Chinese: 大食, Pinyin: Dà shí), and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NlEbAAAAMAAJ&q=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&dq=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem
|title=Isis, Volume 30
|author=History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences
|year=1939
|publisher=Publication and Editorial Office, Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania
|page=120
|isbn=
|accessdate=2011-02-09}}</ref>

The Muslim [[Moroccan people|Moroccan]] Traveler [[Ibn Battuta]] visited Guangzhou in the 14th century in his journey around the World. He described the manufacturing process of large ships in the city.<ref>تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار,ابن بطوطة,ص 398</ref>

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the celebrated poet [[Su Shi]] (Shisu) visited Guangzhou's [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees|Baozhuangyan Temple]] and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" (Six Banyan Trees) because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the 6 Banyan Trees.

The [[Portuguese discoveries|Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to arrive in Guangzhou by sea in 1514, establishing a monopoly on the external trade out of its [[harbor|harbour]] by 1517.<ref>Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank, [http://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&lpg=PA336&dq=portuguese%20china&pg=PA336#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20china&f=false "The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8"], Cambridge University Press, 1978, ISBN 0-521-24333-5</ref> They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou (''Cantão'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]), but instead granted use of [[Macau]] as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly on foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early 17th century.

=== 17th through 19th centuries ===
It is believed that the [[romanization|romanisation]] "Canton" originated from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''Cantão'', which was transcribed from [[Guangdong]]. Nevertheless, because at the time of the [[Portuguese discoveries|Portuguese arrival]], the capital city had no specific appellation other than ''Shaang2 Sheng4''(省城, lit. the provincial capital) by its people, the province name was adopted for the walled city by the Europeans. The etymology of Canton, as well as the similar pronunciation with the province name Guangdong might have partly contributed to the recent confusion of Canton and Guangdong by certain English speakers. However, definitive English lexica, such as [[Merriam-Webster|Merriam–Webster]]'s Dictionary, [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|American Heritage Dictionary]] and [[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]] do not list 'Guangdong' as a synonym (or variant) under 'Canton'.

After China gained control of [[Taiwan]] in 1683, the Qing government became more open to foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most suitable ports for international trade and before long ships arrived from all over the world.

The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese in Macau]], the Spanish in [[Manila]], [[Arabs]] from the Middle East and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English began frequenting the port through the [[Canton System]].

Other companies were soon to follow: the [[Ostend Company|Ostend General India company]] in 1717; [[Dutch East India Company]] in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a [[Danish Asiatic Company]] ship in 1734; the [[Swedish East India Company]] in 1732; followed by an occasional [[Prussia]]n and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788.

By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports under the [[Thirteen Factories]], which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the [[First Opium War]] in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842. The privilege during this period made Guangzhou one of the top 3 cities in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201e.htm |title=Top 10 Cities of the Year 1800 |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> During the war, the British [[Battle of Canton (March 1841)|captured Canton]] on March 18, 1841. The [[Battle of Canton (May 1841)|Second Battle of Canton]] was fought in May 1841.

The plague epidemic – part of the [[Third plague pandemic|Third Pandemic]] – have reached Guangzhou in 1894, causing the death of 60,000 people in a few weeks.<ref>{{Cite book
|first= George C.
|last= Kohn
|title= Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: from ancient times to the present
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=tzRwRmb09rgC&pg=PA165&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false
|publisher= Infobase Publishing
|year= 2008
|page= 165
|isbn= 0-8160-6935-2}}</ref>

In 1918, the city's urban council was established and "Guangzhou" became the official name of the city.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} Panyu became a county's name to the southern side of Guangzhou.

=== 1930&ndash;present ===
In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a [[Direct-controlled municipality|municipality]], but each time promotion was rescinded within a year{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}.

Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from October 12, 1938, to September 16, 1945, after [[Strategic Bombing During World War II#Japanese bombing|violent bombings]]. In the city, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] conducted bacteriological research [[unit 8604]], a section of [[unit 731]], where Japanese doctors experimented on human prisoners.

After the fall of the capital Nanjing in April 1949, the Nationalist government under the acting president [[Li Zongren]] relocated to Guangzhou.

Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. This led the nationalists to blow up the [[Haizhu Bridge]] as the major link across the Pearl River and to the acting president's leaving for New York, whereas [[Chiang Kai-shek]] set up the capital for the Nationalist government in Chongqing again. The urban renewal projects of the new communist government improved the lives of some residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor boat people. Reforms by [[Deng Xiaoping]], who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and access to the Pearl River.

As labour costs increased in Hong Kong, [[manufacturing|manufacturers]] opened new plants in the cities of [[Guangdong]] including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.

In 2000, [[Huadu District|Huadu]] and [[Panyu District|Panyu]] were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and [[Conghua]] and [[Zengcheng]] became county-level cities of Guangzhou.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Hongs at Canton.jpg|The [[Thirteen Factories]], c. 1820
File:Plan of Canton.jpg|Plan of Canton (published 1910)
File:Canton street scene, 1919.jpg|Street scene in Guangzhou, 1919
</gallery>

==Geography==
Located in the south-central portion of Guangdong, Guangzhou spans from 112° 57' to 114° 03' E longitude and 22° 26' to 23° 56' N latitude. The city is part of the [[Pearl River Delta]] and the city centre is situated next to the [[Baiyun Mountain]], which is locally referred to as ''‘the lung of the city’'' (市肺).<ref name="Official"/><ref>[http://www.baiyunshan.com.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/bysywb/bysjj/201003/4477.html Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area]</ref> The total area under the city's administration is {{convert|7434.4|sqkm|1}}, with the 10 districts occupying {{convert|3843.43|sqkm|2}}, or 51.7% of the total, while the two county-level cities occupy the rest.

The elevation of the prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city, and the ocean comprising the front.

===Climate===
Located just south of the [[Tropic of Cancer]], Guangzhou has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') influenced by the Asian monsoon. Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity and a high [[heat index]]. Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy [[monsoon]] season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from {{convert|13.6|°C|sigfig=3}} in January to {{convert|28.6|°C|sigfig=3}} in July, while The annual average temperature in Guangzhou is {{convert|22.6|°C|sigfig=3}},<ref name="Official"/> the [[Humidity#Relative humidity|relative humidity]] is approximately 68%, whereas [[Precipitation (meteorology)|annual rainfall]] in the metropolitan area is over {{convert|1700|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Official"/> Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|0|°C}} to {{convert|39.1|°C|sigfig=3}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|accessdate= 2010-12-01
}}</ref> The last recorded snowfall in the city was in January 1893.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

{{Guangzhou weatherbox}}

==Administrative divisions==
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou}}
{{Historical populations
|type=China
|1953<ref name="gdpplannal">{{cite web
|url=http://gd-info.gov.cn/books/209/76.html
|title={{lang|zh-cn|部分年份城乡人口分布}}
|work={{lang|zh-cn|广东省志：人口志}}
|publisher=Local Records Office of Guangdong
|language=Chinese
|accessdate=2011-08-04}}</ref>|1598900
|1964<ref name="gdpplannal"/>|3031486
|1982<ref name="gdpplannal"/>|5630733
|1990<ref name="1990ppl">{{cite web
|url=http://scjss.mofcom.gov.cn/table/gz_3.pdf
|title={{lang|zh-cn|广州市商业网点发展规划主报告（2003—2012）（下篇）}}
|publisher=Department of Market System Development, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China
|language=Chinese
|accessdate=2011-08-04}}</ref>|6299943
|1995<ref name="1990ppl"/>|8117100
|2000<ref name="1990ppl"/>|9942022
|2002<ref name="1990ppl"/>|10106229
|2010<ref name="2010census"/>|12700800
|footnote= Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions.
|}}

Guangzhou is a [[Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China|sub-provincial city]]. It has direct jurisdiction over ten [[District (China)|districts]] (区 ''qu'') and two [[county-level city|county-level cities]] (市 ''shi'') :

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! Map
! #
! Name
! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! Population<br />{{nowrap|(2010 census)<ref name="2010census"/>}}
! Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="guangzhoustatarea"/>
! Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="2010census"/>
|-
|rowspan="18" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Guangzhou mcp.png|300px]]
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center; "|'''Central districts'''
|style="text-align:right;"|7,727,163
|style="text-align:right;"|1,166.37
|style="text-align:right;"|6,625
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|1
|[[Yuexiu District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|越秀区
|Yuèxiù Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|1,157,277
|style="text-align:right;"|33.80
|style="text-align:right;"|34,239
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|2
|[[Liwan District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|荔湾区
|Lìwān Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|898,204
|style="text-align:right;"|59.10
|style="text-align:right;"|15,198
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|3
|[[Haizhu District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|海珠区
|Hǎizhū Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|1,558,663
|style="text-align:right;"|90.40
|style="text-align:right;"|17,242
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|4
|[[Tianhe District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|天河区
|Tiānhé Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|1,432,431
|style="text-align:right;"|96.33
|style="text-align:right;"|14,870
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|5
|[[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|白云区
|Báiyún Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|2,222,658
|style="text-align:right;"|795.79
|style="text-align:right;"|2,793
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|6
|[[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|黄埔区
|Huángpù Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|457,930
|style="text-align:right;"|90.95
|style="text-align:right;"|5,035
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center; "|'''New districts'''
|style="text-align:right;"|3,343,491
|style="text-align:right;"|2,677.06
|style="text-align:right;"|1,249
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|7
|[[Panyu District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|番禺区
|Pānyú Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|1,764,869
|style="text-align:right;"|786.15
|style="text-align:right;"|2,245
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|8
|[[Huadu District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|花都区
|Huādū Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|945,053
|style="text-align:right;"|970.04
|style="text-align:right;"|974
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|9
|[[Nansha District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|南沙区
|Nánshā Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|259,899
|style="text-align:right;"|527.65
|style="text-align:right;"|493
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|10
|[[Luogang District]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|萝岗区
|Luógāng Qū
|style="text-align:right;"|373,670
|style="text-align:right;"|393.22
|style="text-align:right;"|950
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center; "|'''County-level cities'''
|style="text-align:right;"|1,630,146
|style="text-align:right;"|3,590.97
|style="text-align:right;"|454
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|11
|[[Zengcheng]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|增城市
|Zēngchéng Shì
|style="text-align:right;"|1,036,731
|style="text-align:right;"|1,616.47
|style="text-align:right;"|641
|-
|style="text-align:right;"|12
|[[Conghua]]
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|从化市
|Cónghuà Shì
|style="text-align:right;"|593,415
|style="text-align:right;"|1,974.50
|style="text-align:right;"|301
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center; "|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''12,700,800'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''7,434.40'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''1,708'''
|}

*Special economic districts
**[[Nansha New Area]] (南沙新区; Nánshā Xīnqū) - the newest [[State-level new areas of the People's Republic of China|State-level new area]] in China.

As of April 28, 2005, the districts of [[Dongshan District, Guangzhou|Dongshan]] and [[Fangcun District|Fangcun]] have been abolished and merged into [[Yuexiu District|Yuexiu]] and [[Liwan]] respectively; at the same time the district of [[Nansha District|Nansha]] was established out of parts of [[Panyu District|Panyu]], and the district of [[Luogang District|Luogang]] was established out of parts of [[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]], [[Tianhe District|Tianhe]], and [[Zengcheng]], plus a part of [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], making an exclave next to Huangpu.

==Development plan==
In January 2009 the [[National People's Congress]] approved a development plan for the [[Pearl River Delta|Pearl River Delta Region]]. On March 19, 2009 the Guangzhou Municipal Government and [[Foshan|Foshan Municipal Government]] both agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2009-03/19/content_11037051.htm |title=Guangzhou and Foshan signed "City Merge Cooperation Framework" |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |accessdate=2010-05-06}}</ref>

==Significant buildings==
{{see also|List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Guangdong Olympic Stadium]] (广东奥林匹克体育场)
* [[CITIC Plaza]] (中信广场)
* [[Canton Tower]] (广州塔)
* [[Guangzhou Opera House]] (广州大剧院)
* [[Guangzhou TV Tower]] (广州电视塔)
* [[Pearl River Tower]] (珠江大厦)
* [[Guangzhou International Finance Center|West Tower/Guangzhou International Finance Centre]] (西塔 or 广州国际金融中心)
{{div col end}}

==Economy==
[[File:Zhujiang New Town.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Zhujiang New Town]]]]

Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the [[Pearl River Delta]], one of [[mainland China]]'s leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2009, the GDP reached ¥911.28 billion (US $133.5 billion), per capita was ¥89,498 (US $13,111).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjnj/e3.htm |title=广东统计年鉴2010 |publisher=Gdstats.gov.cn |accessdate=2011-06-02}}</ref>

The [[Canton Fair|China Import and Export Fair]], also called "Canton Fair", is held every year in April and October by Ministry of Trading. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city. From the 104th session, Liuhua Complex is not in use to hold Canton Fair. All the booths have been transferred to Pazhou Complex. From the 104th session, Canton Fair has been arranged in 3 phases instead of 2 phases.

===Industrial zones===
* [[Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone]]
* Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone
The zone was founded in 2005. Its total planned area is {{convert|1.36|km²|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="rightsite1">{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/guangzhou-nansha-export-processing-zone/ |title=RightSite.asia |publisher=RightSite.asia |accessdate=2010-05-06}}</ref> It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include auto-mobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated near to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Port.<ref name="rightsite1"/>
* Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
The zone was founded in 1992. It is located in the east of Huangpu District and located near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is situated very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/guangzhou-free-trade-zone/ |title=RightSite.asia |publisher=RightSite.asia |accessdate=2010-05-06}}</ref> The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing industry and computer software.

===Science City===
* [[Guangzhou Science City]]

===Malls and pedestrian streets===
[[File:1 guangzhou shopping 2011.JPG|thumb|[[Shangxiajiu]]]]
* 101 Dynamics
* Beijing Lu
* China Plaza
* Jiangnanxi
* Liwan Plaza
* [[Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street|Shangxiajiu]]
* [[Teem Plaza]]
* [[Victory Plaza]]
* Wanguo Plaza
* Zhengjia Square (Grandview Mall)

==Transportation==
[[File:GBRT Tianhe Sports Center.JPG|thumb|Tianhe Sports Center Station of [[Guangzhou BRT]]]]
[[File:GongYuanQian-MTR-Gz.JPG|thumb|[[Gongyuanqian Station]] of [[Guangzhou Metro]]]]
[[File:Guangzhou Baiyun Airport 2.JPG|thumb|[[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Baiyun International Airport]] in [[Huadu District]]]]
[[File:Guangzhou South Railway Station Platform CRH3 EMU.jpg|thumb|A [[China Railways CRH3|CRH3]] Train at [[Guangzhou South Railway Station]]]]

===Public transport===
====Guangzhou Metro====
{{Main|Guangzhou Metro}}
When the first line of the [[Guangzhou Metro]] opening in 1997, Guangzhou was the fourth city in [[Mainland China]] to have an underground railway system, behind Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Currently the underground network is made up of eight lines, covering a total length of {{convert|236|km|abbr=on}}. A long term plan is to make the city's underground system expand over {{convert|500|km|abbr=on}} by 2020 with 15 lines in operation.

The existing eight lines of [[Guangzhou Metro]] network:
* [[Line 1, Guangzhou Metro|Line 1]]: [[Guangzhou East Railway Station (metro)|Guangzhou East Railway Station]]–[[Xilang Station]]
* [[Line 2, Guangzhou Metro|Line 2]]: [[Jiahewanggang Station]]–[[Guangzhou South Railway Station]]
* [[Line 3, Guangzhou Metro|Line 3]]
** Main route: [[Tianhe Coach Terminal Station]]–[[Panyu Square Station]] via [[Tiyu Xilu Station]]
** Spur line: [[Airport South Station (Guangzhou)|Airport South Station]]–[[Tiyu Xilu Station]]
* [[Line 4, Guangzhou Metro|Line 4]]: [[Huangcun Station]]–[[Jinzhou Station (Guangzhou Metro)|Jinzhou Station]]
* [[Line 5, Guangzhou Metro|Line 5]]: [[Jiaokou Station]]–[[Wenchong Station]]
* [[Line 8, Guangzhou Metro|Line 8]]: [[Fenghuang Xincun Station]]–[[Wanshengwei Station]]
* [[Guangfo Metro|Guangfo Line]]: [[Xilang Station]]–[[Kuiqi Lu Station]]
* [[Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|APM]]: [[Linhexi Station]]–[[Chigang Pagoda Station]]

====Buses, taxis and motorcyles====
In 2010 Guangzhou introduced the third largest [[Bus Rapid Transit]] system in use, after [[Bogota]]'s [[TransMilenio]] and [[Curitiba]]'s [[Rede Integrada de Transporte|RIT]], the [[Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit]] (or GBRT). The {{convert|22.5|km|2|abbr=on}} line currently handles more than 800.000 passengers per day, and has through-running with the city's wider bus system. Several future extensions are planned.

According to a report on the [[China Daily]] of July 6, 2007, all buses and taxis in Guangzhou will be [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]]-fueled by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-07/06/content_911176.htm |title=Date set for LPG-fueled buses, taxis |work=China Daily |date=2007-07-06 |accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> At present, Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world. As of the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85% of all buses and taxis.

Effective January 1, 2007, the municipal government has banned motorcycles in urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_37/node_85/2007/01/03/116778797013245.shtml |title=Guangzhou Bans Motorcycles |publisher=Life of Guangzhou |date=2007-01-03 |accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_37/node_85/2007/01/19/116916856413959.shtml |title=Traffic Jam Improve after Motorcycle Ban |publisher=Life of Guangzhou |date=2007-01-19 |accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref>

===Air transport===
Guangzhou's main airport is the [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Baiyun International Airport]] in [[Huadu District]] opened on August 5, 2004. This airport is also the 2nd busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former)|old Baiyun International Airport]], which was very close to the city centre and failed to meet the fast-growing air traffic demand.

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has two runways, with three more planned to be built.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsgd.com/specials/airportguide/airportnews/content/2009-06/01/content_5204382.htm|title=http://www.newsgd.com/specials/airportguide/airportnews/content/2009-06/01/content_5204382.htm|publisher=NEWSGD.com|date=2009-06-01|accessdate=2010-03-06}}</ref>

===Railway transport===
{{see|Guangzhou Station|Guangzhou East Station|Guangzhou South Station|Guangzhou North Station}}
Guangzhou is the terminus of the Jingguang railway (Beijing-Guangzhou), the Guangshen railway (Guangzhou-[[Shenzhen]]), the Guangmao railway (Guangzhou-[[Maoming]]) and the Guangmeishan railway (Guangzhou-[[Meizhou]]-[[Shantou]]). In late 2009, the [[Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]] started its service, which enables [[multiple unit]] trains to cover {{convert|980|km|2|abbr=on}} at an average speed of 320&nbsp;km/h. In January 2011, the [[Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway]] started its service at an average speed of {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.

===Intercity transport to Hong Kong===
Guangzhou is well connected to Hong Kong by train, coach and ferry. The [[Guangdong Through Train (MTR)|Guangdong Through Train]] departs from the [[Guangzhou East Railway Station|Guangzhou East railway station]] (广州东站) and arrives at the [[Hung Hom Station|Hung Hom KCR station]] in [[Kowloon|Kowloon, Hong Kong]]. The route is approximately {{convert|182|km|abbr=on}} in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations (mostly major hotels) around the city.

===River transport===
There are daily high-speed [[catamaran]] services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the [[Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal]], as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and [[Hong Kong – Macau Ferry Terminal, Hong Kong|Macau Ferry Pier]] in Hong Kong.

==Local products==
{{Citation needed|reason=Unclear unless you are familiar with Guangzhou (I'm not).|date=March 2012}}
* Canton Province Sculpture is legendary and includes Guangzhou Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture.
* Cantonese Enamel includes Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years.
* Cantonese Embroidery, namely "Yue 粤 Embroidery" (meaning literally "Guangdong embroidery")is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery.
* Canton Province Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou and surrounding areas.
* [[Zhujiang Beer]] (Pearl River Beer)

==Culture==
According to the official People's Daily newspaper, [[Cantonese]] is the first language for half of the 14 million residents of the provincial capital Guangzhou, while the other half speak mainly [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/25/protesters-guangzhou-protect-cantonese |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=Protesters gather in Guangzhou to protect Cantonese language |first=Tania |last=Branigan |date=2010-07-25}}</ref> Other languages such as Hakka are spoken in significant numbers as well. The migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou is 40 percent of the city's total population in 2008. Most of them are rural migrants and they speak only Mandarin. They have taken on many jobs that the local citizens are unwilling to do.<ref>http://english.cri.cn/4026/2008/01/25/44@317459.htm</ref>
* [[Cantonese]]
* [[Cantonese cuisine]]
* [[Cantonese opera]]
* [[Cantonese people]]
* [[Guangdong music (genre)]]
* [[Guangzhou Opera House]]
* [[Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra]]
* [[Xiguan]]

===Religions===
[[Liang Fa]] (Leung Fat) worked in a printing company in Guangzhou in 1810 and came to know [[Robert Morrison (missionary)]] (1782-1834, a missionary sent by the [[London Missionary Society]] in Britain and the first Christian Protestant missionary in China), who translated the Bible to Chinese and needed printing of the translation. When [[William Milne (missionary)]] (1785-1822, another missionary sent by the [[London Missionary Society]]) arrived at Guangzhou in 1813 and worked with Morrison on translation of the Bible, he also came to know [[Liang Fa]]. Liang was baptized by Milne in 1816. In 1821, Liang was ordained by Morrison, thus becoming a missionary of the [[London Missionary Society]] and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist.

Western Medicine was introduced to China in the 19th Century, mainly by medical missionaries sent from various Christian mission organizations, such as the [[London Missionary Society]] (Britain), the Methodist Church (Britain <ref>http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Methodism</ref>) and the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States]]. [[Benjamin Hobson]] (1816-1873), a medical missionary sent by the [[London Missionary Society]] in 1839, set up a highly successful Wai Ai Clinic (惠愛醫館 <ref>http://blog.ifeng.com/article/46027.html</ref> <ref>http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/GDSI199901009.htm</ref> in Guangzhou, China. [[Liang Fa]], Hok Chau 周學 (also known as Lai-Tong Chau, 周勵堂) and others worked there. [[Liang Fa]] baptized Chau in 1852. The Methodist Church based in England sent missionary George Piercy <ref> http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookofmethod00john/handbookofmethod00john_djvu.txt </ref> <ref> http://www.turle.name/the_doctors/indiI177.html </ref> <ref> http://www.methodist.org.hk/media/monthlynews/pdf/2011/10/24/2011Methodist_eng_issue3_for_web.pdf </ref> to China. In 1851, Piercy went to Guangzhou, where he worked in a trading company. In 1853, he started a church in Guangzhou. In 1877, Chau was ordained by the Methodist Church in Guangzhou, where he pastored for 39 years.

Due to the social custom that men and women should not be near to one another, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors of Western Medicine. This resulted in a tremendous need for female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Thus, female medical missionary Dr. Mary H. Fulton (1854-1927<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Inasmuch-Mary-H-Fulton/dp/1140341804</</ref>) was sent by the Foreign Missions Board of the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States]] to found the first medical college for women in China. Known as the Hackett Medical College for Women (夏葛女子醫學院<ref>http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~libimage/theses/abstracts/b15564174a.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.cqvip.com/qk/83891A/200203/6479902.html</ref>), this College was located in Guangzhou, China, and was enabled by a large donation from Mr. Edward A.K. Hackett (1851-1916) of Indiana, U.S.A. The College was dedicated in 1902 and offered a four-year curriculum. By 1915, there were more than 60 students, mostly in residence. Most students became Christians, due to the influence of Dr. Fulton. The College was officially recognized, with its diplomas marked with the official stamp of the [[Guangdong]] provincial government. The College was aimed at the spreading of Christianity and modern medicine and the elevation of Chinese women's social status. The David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children (also known as Yuji Hospital 柔濟醫院<ref>http://books.google.com/books/about/A_crusade_of_compassion_for_the_healing.html?id=UpkNAAAAYAAJ</ref><ref>http://news.qq.com/a/20100411/001143.htm</ref>) was affiliated with this College. The graduates of this College included CHAU Lee-sun (周理信, 1890-1979) and WONG Yuen-hing (黃婉卿), both of whom graduated in the late 1910s <ref>Rebecca Chan Chung, Deborah Chung and Cecilia Ng Wong, "Piloted to Serve", 2012</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/PilotedToServe</ref> and then practiced medicine in the hospitals in Guangdong province. At the end of 1932, the medical center involving the Hackett Medical College for Women and the David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children was put under the control of the Chinese government. Furthermore, it affiliated with Guangzhou Hospital and [[Lingnan University (Guangzhou)|Lingnan University]] to form the Sun Yat-Sen Medical College in 1936.

Huaisheng Mosque is among the oldest mosques in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fls.sysu.edu.cn/fls/deut/guangzhou/charaktereigenschaften-der-guangzhouer.html |title=Charaktereigenschaften der Guangzhouer – Guangzhou – Deutschabteilung Der SYSU |publisher=Fls.sysu.edu.cn |date=2007-10-09 |accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref> [[Buddhism]] has remained the most influential religion in the life of Guangzhou people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excelguangzhou.com/sixbanyan.html |title=Six Banyan Trees Temple – Famous Buddhist temple of Guangzhou |publisher=Excelguangzhou.com |accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref>

Guangzhou has a Jewish community, Guangzhou Buddhist Association, and Guangzhou Daoist Association.<ref>[http://www.mondestay.com/guangzhou/worship-associations.html]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://china.hrw.org/book/export/html/50307 |title=Viii. Appendix Ii |publisher=China.hrw.org |date=1997-12-28 |accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref> There is official pressure against underground, non-registered churches in Guangzhou.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Beijing-and-Guangzhou-attack-underground-Churches-21186.html |title=CHINA Beijing and Guangzhou attack underground Churches – Asia News |publisher=Asianews.it |accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref>

==Eight Sights of Guangzhou==
{{Main|Eight Sights of Guangzhou}}

The Eight Sights of Guangzhou are the 8 most famous tourist attractions listed by rulers in different ages. The followings are those chosen through public appraisal and brought out in 2011.
* '''Tayao Xincheng''' {{Chinese|title=Tayao Xincheng|c=塔耀新城|p=tǎyào xīnchéng|l=Tower Shining Through The New Town}}: [[Canton Tower]], [[Chigang Pagoda]], [[Haixinsha Island (Tianhe District)|Haixinsha]], Flower City Square, [[Guangzhou Twin Towers|Twin Towers]], [[CITIC Plaza]] and etc.
* '''Zhushui Liuguang''' {{Chinese|title=Zhushui Liuguang|c=珠水流光|p=zhūshuǐ liúguāng|l=Pearl River Flowing and Shining}}: [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] (segment from Bai'etan to [[Pazhou]]), Wharves, Bai'etan, [[Shamian Island]], Yanjiang Lu, [[Ersha Island]], [[Haixinsha Island (Tianhe District)|Haixinsha]], Guangzhou Convention and Exhibition Center and etc.
* '''Yunshan Diecui''' {{Chinese|title=Yunshan Diecui|c=云山叠翠|p=yúnshān diécuì|l=Baiyun Mountain Green and In Arranged Well}}: [[Baiyun Mountain]], Yuntai Garden and etc.
* '''Yuexiu Fenghua''' {{Chinese|title=Yuexiu Fenghua|c=越秀风华|p=yuèxiù fēnghuá|l=Elegance and Talent of Yuexiu Mountain}}: Yuexiu Mountain, [[Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)|Zhenhai Tower]], Five Rams Statue, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Monument and etc.
* '''Guci Liufang''' {{Chinese|title=Guci Liufang|c=古祠流芳|p=gǔcí liúfāng|l=Ancient Academy Leaving A Good Name}}: [[Chen Clan Academy]] and Guangdong Folk Craftwork Museum
* '''Liwan Shengjing''' {{Chinese|title=Liwan Shengjing|c=荔湾胜景|p=lìwān shèngjǐng|l=Wonderful Scenery of Liwan}}: Litchi Bay, Liwan Lake, [[Arcade (architecture)|Arcades]] on Enning Lu, Xiguan Residences and etc.
* '''Kecheng Jinxiu''' {{Chinese|title=Kecheng Jinxiu|c=科城锦绣|p=kēchéng jǐnxiù|l=Science City as Splendid as Brocade}}: [[Guangzhou Science City]]
* '''Shidi Changwan''' {{Chinese|title=Shidi Changwan|c=湿地唱晚|p=shīdì chàngwǎn|l=Wetland Singing at Night}}: Nansha Wetland Park

==Parks and gardens==
* [[Baiyun Mountain]] (白云山), literally "White Cloud Mountain"
* Yuexiu Park (越秀公园)
* Guangzhou Renmin Park|Renmin Park (人民公园), or "People's Park"
* Luhu Park (麓湖公园)
* Dongshanhu Park (东山湖公园)
* Liuhuahu Park (流花湖公园)
* Liwanhu Park (荔湾湖公园)
* Yuntai Garden (云台花园)
* Martyrs' Park (广州起义烈士陵园)
* Zhujiang Park (珠江公园)
* [[South China Botanical Garden]] (华南植物园)

==Tourist attractions==
Guangzhou has a humid, hot sub-tropical climate. The annual average temperature is 21.8 ºC. Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://worldstepper-daworldisntenough.blogspot.com/2008/08/travel-china-guide-fascinating.html |title= Travel China Guide: Fascinating Guangzhou |work=[[Blogger (service)|Blogspot]] |date= 2008-08-12 |accessdate=2008-08-21}}</ref> There are many tourist attractions around the city which include:
* [[Xiguan]] (西关)
* [[Chen Clan Academy]]/Chan Clan Ancestral Hall (陈氏书院/陈家祠)
* [[Shamian Island]]/Shameen Island (沙面岛)
* [[Guangdong Provincial Museum]] (广东省博物馆)
* [[Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]] (西汉南越王博物馆)
* [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]] (六榕寺)
* [[Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou|Sacred Heart Cathedral]]/Stone House (石室圣心大教堂)
* [[Huaisheng Mosque]] (怀圣寺)
* [[Temple of Bright Filial Piety]] (光孝寺)
* [[Chime-Long Paradise]] (长隆欢乐世界)
* Chime-Long WaterPark (长隆水上乐园)
* [[Peasant Movement Training Institute at Guangzhou|Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute]] (广州市农民运动讲习所)
* [[Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)|Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall]] (中山纪念堂)
{{gallery
|lines=4
|width=225
|File:Canton pagoda de las flores.JPG|[[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]]
|File:石室_outlook_2.jpg|[[Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou|Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral]]
|File:Huaisheng Mosque Dec 2007.jpg|The [[Huaisheng Mosque]]
|File:ShaMianBuildings.JPG|Western style architecture on [[Shamian Island]]
|File:Mohammad nabil rais-Ghangzhu tower.jpg|Towers in Guangzhou's CBD (left-center) with [[Guangzhou International Finance Center|IFC/West Tower]] (right) and Guangzhou Opera House (front) under construction
|File:Pearl River Night Cruise.jpg|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] at night
|File:Guangzhou_Tower.jpg|[[Canton Tower]],<ref>{{cite web|title=GZ's New Television Tower Named Canton Tower|url=http://www.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/cngzyw/s4171/201009/635572.html|work=2010-09-30|accessdate=2010-10-05}}</ref> June 2009
|File:WCMountain.JPG|Front entrance to the [[Baiyun Mountain]] or Mount Baiyun
}}

==Media==
Guangzhou has two local radio stations: the provincial [[Radio Guangdong]] and the municipal [[Radio Guangzhou]]. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. The primary language of both radio stations is [[Cantonese]]. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is dedicated to [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] (Putonghua), however in recent years there has been an increase in Mandarin programmes in most Cantonese channels. Radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese, and these programmes can be received in different areas of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. On the other hand, the Beijing based [[China National Radio]] broadcasts Mandarin programmes in the city. Radio Guangdong produces a 15 minute weekly English programme, ''Guangdong Today'', which is broadcast globally through the [[WRN Broadcast]]. Daily English news programmes are also broadcasted by Radio Guangdong.

Guangzhou has some of the best Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in [[mainland China]], most of which are published by three big newspaper companies in the city. The [[Guangzhou Daily|Guangzhou Daily Press Group]], [[Southern Daily|Nanfang Press Corporation]] and [[Yangcheng Evening News|Yangcheng Evening News Group]] dominate the newspaper market of [[Guangdong|Guangdong Province]]. The two leading newspapers of the city are ''[[Guangzhou Daily]]'' and ''[[Southern Metropolis Daily]]''. ''Guangzhou Daily'', with a circulation of 1.8 million, has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue while ''Southern Metropolis Daily'' is considered one of the most liberal newspapers in mainland China. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers, most notably ''[[that's PRD]]'' (formerly ''that's Guangzhou'') which was started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into one of China's leading expat magazines with issues in Beijing, Shanghai and formerly Suzhou.

==Education==
{{Main|List of universities and colleges in Guangdong}}

===Higher educational institutes===
[[File:Sun Yat-sen University.JPG|thumb|Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University]]
[[File:20031124194142.jpg|thumb|The main gate of [[Sun Yat-sen University]]]]
'''Universities and colleges'''
* [[Sun Yat-sen University]] (中山大学) (founded in 1924)
* [[Southern Medical University]] (南方医科大学) (founded in 1951)
* [[South China University of Technology]] (华南理工大学)
* [[Jinan University]] (暨南大学) (founded in 1906)
* [[South China Normal University]] (华南师范大学)
* [[South China Agricultural University]] (华南农业大学) (founded in 1909)
* [[Guangdong University of Foreign Studies]] (广东外语外贸大学)
* [[Guangdong University of Technology]] (广东工业大学)
* [[Guangdong Pharmaceutical University]] (广东药学院)
* [[Guangdong University of Business Studies]] (广东商学院)
* [[Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine]] (广州中医药大学)
* [[Guangzhou University]] (广州大学)
* [[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] (广州美术学院)
* [[Xinghai Conservatory of Music]] (星海音乐学院)
* Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University (广东技术师范学院)
* [[Guangzhou Sports University]] (广州体育学院)
* Guangzhou Medical College (广州医学院)
* [[Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering]] (仲恺农业工程学院)
* Guangdong University of Finance (广东金融学院)
* [[Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology]] (广东省科技干部学院)

Note: Institutes without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

===Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre===
[[Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center|Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre]] also known as Guangzhou University Town is a large university complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. This huge higher education centre occupies the entire [[Xiaoguwei]] island in [[Panyu District]], covering an area of about 18 square kilometres. It houses new campuses from ten universities, nine of which still maintain their old campuses in downtown Guangzhou. The whole Higher Education Mega Centre can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staff.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intel.com/business/casestudies/guangzhou_higher_education.pdf |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080227005555/http://www.intel.com/business/casestudies/guangzhou_higher_education.pdf |archivedate=2008-02-27 |title=Mega Campus goes Wireless |format=PDF |publisher=[[Intel Corporation]] |accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref>

Higher education institutions with campuses in the Mega Centre:
* [[Sun Yat-sen University]] (中山大学)
* [[South China University of Technology]] (华南理工大学)
* [[South China Normal University]] (华南师范大学)
* [[Guangdong University of Technology]] (广东工业大学)
* [[Guangdong University of Foreign Studies]] (广东外语外贸大学)
* [[Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine]] (广州中医药大学)
* [[Guangdong Pharmaceutical University]] (广东药学院)
* [[Guangzhou University]] (广州大学)
* [[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] (广州美术学院)
* [[Xinghai Conservatory of Music]] (星海音乐学院)

==Sports==
[[File:Stade Olympique Guangdong.JPG|thumb|right|240px|[[Guangdong Olympic Stadium]]]]
In 2010, Guangzhou hosted the [[16th Asian Games]] from November 12 to 27 and the [[2010 Asian Para Games|first Asian Para Games]] from December 12 to 19, which were the largest sports events the city ever hosted.

Guangzhou also hosted the following major sports events:
* 1987 The 6th [[National Games of the People's Republic of China]]
* 1991 The [[1991 FIFA Women's World Cup|1st FIFA Women's World Cup]]
* 2001 The 9th National Games of the People's Republic of China
* 2007 The 8th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People's Republic of China
* 2008 The [[2008 World Team Table Tennis Championships|49th World Table Tennis Championships]]
* 2009 The 11th Sudirman Cup--the world badminton mixed team championships

Current professional sports clubs (football and basketball) based in Guangzhou include:
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"
|-
!Sport
!League
!Tier
!Club
!Stadium
|-
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Chinese Super League]]
|align=center|1st
|[[Guangzhou Evergrande F.C.|Guangzhou Evergrande]]
|[[Tianhe Stadium]]
|-
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Chinese Super League]]
|align=center|1st
|[[Guangzhou R&F F.C.|Guangzhou R&F]]
|[[Yuexiushan Stadium]]
|-
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[China League One]]
|align=center|2nd
|[[Guangdong Sunray Cave F.C.|Guangdong Sunray Cave]]
|[[Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium]]
|-
|Basketball
|[[National Basketball League (China)|National Basketball League]]
|align=center|2nd
|Guangzhou Freemen
|[[Tianhe Stadium]]
|-
|Basketball
|[[National Basketball League (China)|National Basketball League]]
|align=center|2nd
|Guangzhou Six-rice
|[[Huangpu Sports Center|Huangpu Stadium]]
|-
|Volleyball
|[[Chinese Volleyball League]]
|align=center|1st
|[[Guangdong Evergrande Women's Volleyball Club]]
|[[Guangzhou Sport University]]
|-
|Baseball
|[[China Baseball League]]
|align=center|1st
|[[Guangdong Leopards]]
|[[Guangdong Olympic Stadium]]
|}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in China}}

===Sister cities===
Guangzhou is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities:<ref name="Guangzhou">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdfao.gd.gov.cn/Item/15124.aspx|title={{lang|zh-cn|广东省各市（县、区）友城统计表}}|publisher=Guangdong Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2012-07-14}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! City
! Geographical location
! Date
|-
|{{Flag icon|Japan}} Japan
|'''[[Fukuoka]]'''
|[[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]]
|May 2, 1979
|-
|{{Flag icon|United States}} United States
|'''Los Angeles'''
|California
|December 8, 1981
|-
|{{Flag icon|Philippines}} Philippines
|'''[[Manila]]'''
|[[Metro Manila]]
|November 5, 1982
|-
|{{Flag icon|Canada}} Canada
|'''[[Vancouver]]'''
|[[British Columbia]]
|March 27, 1985
|-
|{{Flag icon|Australia}} Australia
|'''Sydney'''
|[[New South Wales]]
|May 12, 1986
|-
|{{Flag icon|Italy}} Italy
|'''[[Bari]]'''
|[[Province of Bari|Bari]]
|November 12, 1986
|-
|{{Flag icon|France}} France
|'''[[Lyon]]'''
|[[Rhône (department)|Rhône]]
|January 19, 1988
|-
|{{Flag icon|Germany}} Germany
|'''[[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]]'''
|[[Hessen]]
|April 11, 1988
|-
|{{Flag icon|New Zealand}} New Zealand
|'''[[Auckland City|Auckland]]'''
|[[Auckland Region|Auckland]]
|February 17, 1989
|-
|{{Flag icon|South Korea}} South Korea
|'''[[Gwangju]]'''
|[[Special cities of Korea|Metropolitan city]]
|October 25, 1996
|-
|{{Flag icon|Sweden}} Sweden
|'''[[Linköping]]'''
|[[Östergötland]]
|November 24, 1997
|-
|{{Flag icon|South Africa}} South Africa
|'''[[Durban]]'''
|[[KwaZulu-Natal]]
|July 17, 2000
|-
|{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|'''[[Bristol]]'''
|England
|May 23, 2001
|-
|{{Flag icon|Russia}} Russia
|'''[[Yekaterinburg]]'''
|[[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]]
|July 10, 2002
|-
|{{Flag icon|Peru}} Peru
|'''[[Arequipa]]'''
|[[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]]
|October 27, 2004
|-
|{{Flag icon|Indonesia}} Indonesia
|'''[[Surabaya]]'''
|[[East Java]]
|December 21, 2005
|-
|{{Flag icon|Lithuania}} Lithuania
|'''[[Vilnius]]'''
|[[Vilnius County|Vilnius]]
|October 12, 2006
|-
|{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|'''[[Birmingham]]'''
|England
|December 4, 2006
|-
|{{Flag icon|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka
|'''[[Hambantota]]'''
|[[Hambantota District|Hambantota]]
|February 27, 2007
|-
|{{Flag icon|Brazil}} Brazil
|'''[[Recife]]'''
|[[Pernambuco]]
|October 22, 2007
|-
|{{Flag icon|Finland}} Finland
|'''[[Tampere]]'''
|[[Pirkanmaa]]
|December 2, 2008
|-
|{{Flag icon|Thailand}} Thailand
|'''[[Bangkok]]'''
|[[Bangkok]]
|November 13, 2009
|-
|{{Flag icon|Argentina}} Argentina
|'''[[Buenos Aires]]'''
|
|April 16, 2012
|-
|{{Flag icon|UAE}} United Arab Emirates
|'''[[Dubai]]'''
|Dubai
|April 18, 2012
|-
|{{Flag icon|Kuwait}} Kuwait
|'''[[Kuwait City]]'''
|
|April 25, 2012
|-
|{{Flag icon|Russia}} Russia
|'''[[Kazan]]'''
|[[Tatarstan]]
|July 6, 2012
|}

===Friendship cities===
Guangzhou has the following friendship cities:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/2483.aspx
|title={{lang|zh-cn|广州友好交流合作城市一览表}}
|accessdate=2012-07-14
}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! City
! Geographical location
! Date
|-
|{{Flag icon|Brazil}} Brazil
|'''[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]'''
|[[Bahia]]
|April 6, 1996
|-
|{{Flag icon|Vietnam}} Vietnam
|'''[[Ho Chi Minh City]]'''
|[[Centrally governed city of Vietnam|Centrally governed city]]
|April 11, 1996
|-
|{{Flag icon|Japan}} Japan
|'''[[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]]'''
|[[Ōita Prefecture|Ōita]]
|October 9, 1997
|-
|{{Flag icon|Russia}} Russia
|'''[[Khabarovsk]]'''
|[[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk]]
|October 15, 1997
|-
|{{Flag icon|United Arab Emirates}} United Arab Emirates
|'''[[Dubai Municipality|Dubai]]'''
|[[Dubai]]
|June 1, 2000
|-
|{{Flag icon|United States}} United States
|'''[[Guam]]'''
|[[Territories of the United States|Unincorporated organized territories]]
|March 28, 2002
|-
|{{Flag icon|Japan}} Japan
|'''[[Noboribetsu, Hokkaidō|Noboribetsu]]'''
|[[Hokkaidō]]
|May 19, 2002
|-
|{{Flag icon|Australia}} Australia
|'''Melbourne'''
|[[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
|April 9, 2003
|-
|{{Flag icon|Egypt}} Egypt
|'''[[Alexandria]]'''
|[[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]]
|July 17, 2003
|-
|{{Flag icon|Spain}} Spain
|'''[[Barcelona]]'''
|[[Catalonia]]
|October 23, 2003
|-
|{{Flag icon|Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan
|'''[[Bishkek]]'''
|[[Chuy Province|Chuy]]
|December 1, 2004
|-
|{{Flag icon|Cuba}} Cuba
|'''[[Havana]]'''
|[[La Habana Province|Havana]]
|June 15, 2005
|-
|{{Flag icon|Germany}} Germany
|'''[[Düsseldorf]]'''
|[[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
|July 25, 2006
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|People's Republic of China|China}}
* [[Canton (disambiguation)]], for namesakes
* [[Er Sha Island]]
* [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]]
* [[Rafael Perestrello]]
* [[Seamen's strike of 1922]]
* [[Africans in Guangzhou]]

==References==
* {{PD-old-text|title=On the knowledge possessed by the ancient Chinese of the Arabs and Arabian colonies: and other western countries, mentioned in Chinese books|year=1871|author=E. Bretschneider}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|last1=Foster|first1=Simon|last2=Lin-Liu|first2=Jen|last3=Pham|first3=Sherisse|coauthors=Beth Reiber, Sharon Owyang, Lee Wing-sze, Christopher D. Winnan|title=Frommer's China|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1DqjMGlyY5QC&pg=PA542|accessdate=2010-03-21|date=2010-02-12|publisher=2000–2010 by [[Frommer's]]/[http://www.frommers.com/about/copyright.html Wiley Publishing, Inc.]|location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-52658-3|pages=542–|authormask=|origyear=|oclc=|bibcode=|quote=|laysummary=|laydate=|ref=Fromers542}}
* {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Graham E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Guangzhou (Canton) and Guangdong |year=1999 |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, MD |isbn=978-0-8108-3516-0 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Edward Bing-Shuey |title=Modern Canton |year=1936 |publisher=The Mercury Press |location=Shanghai |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ng |first=Yong Sang |title=Canton, City of the Rams: A General Description and a Brief Historical Survey |year=1936 |publisher=M.S. Cheung |location=Canton |isbn=|asin=B0008D1HHO }}
* {{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Samuel |title=The journals of Major Samuel Shaw : the first American consul at Canton : with a life of the author |coauthors=[[Josiah Quincy, Jr.|Josiah Quincy]] |year=1847 |publisher=Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols |location=Boston |isbn=|url=http://www.archive.org/details/journalsofmajors00shaw |accessdate=2008-04-05}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vogel |first=Ezra F. |title=Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949–1968 |authorlink=Ezra Vogel |year=1969 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0-674-09475-8 }}
* {{cite book|quote=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j5EuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Fourteen months in Canton|author=Mrs. John Henry Gray|year=1880|edition=|editor=|publisher=Macmillan and co.|location=LODON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.|isbn=|pages=444|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}London : MACMILLAN AND Co. 1880. [The Right of Translation is reserved.] Original from Harvard University Digitized Oct 14, 2008
* {{cite book|quote=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7CkYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Walks in the city of Canton|author=John Henry Gray|year=1875|edition=|editor=|publisher=De Souza & Co.|isbn=|pages=695|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}VICTORIA, HONGKONG : DE SOUZA & CO. 1875. Original from the New York Public Library Digitized Apr 2, 2008
[http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bswmwong/contents/studies_city.html Information on Guangzhou city background]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://english.gz.gov.cn/ Guangzhou International] – Official website of government of Guangzhou municipality
* [http://www.guangzhou.gov.cn/ Guangzhou, China Network]
* [http://gzhou.net Guangzhou Network]
* [http://www.visitgz.com/en/ Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Tourism]
* {{Wikitravel|Guangzhou}}
* [http://www.presbyterian.org.nz/archives/photogallery9/page1.htm Photos of Old Canton (20th century) from a Presbyterian mission near Canton] [http://www.presbyterian.org.nz/archives/photogallery11/page1.htm also of the Sino-Japanese War]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shenyang|Fengtian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Historical capitals of China|Capital of China]]
|years=1 July 1925 — 21 February 1927
|dynasty=[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wuhan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Taiyuan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Historical capitals of China|Capital of China]]
|years=28 May 1931 — 22&nbsp;December&nbsp;1931
|dynasty=[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Chongqing]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Nanjing]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Historical capitals of China|Capital of China]]
|years=23 April 1949 — 14 October 1949
|dynasty=[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Chongqing]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Navboxes
|title= Articles Related to Guangzhou
|list =
<span>

{{Guangzhou}}
{{Guangdong}}
{{Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Pearl River Delta}}
{{Navboxes
|title= [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale
|list =
{{Geographic location
|Centre= Guangzhou
|North=
|Northeast= [[Shaoguan]]
|East= [[Huizhou]]
|Southeast= [[Dongguan]]<br/>''[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]]'' / [[Shenzhen]]<br/>{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]]
|South= [[Zhongshan]]
|Southwest= [[Foshan]]
|West=[[Zhaoqing]]
|Northwest= [[Qingyuan, Guangdong|Qingyuan]]
}}
'''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|23|7|44|N|113|15|32|E|display=inline}}'''
}}
{{Guangdong topics}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Cities of China and the World
|list =
{{Most populous cities in the People's Republic of China}}
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}}
}}

[[Category:Guangzhou| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:214 BC establishments]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in China]]
[[Category:Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Treaty of Nanking|Canton]]
{{Link FA|zh-yue}}

[[ace:Guangzhou]]
[[af:Kwangtsjou]]
[[ar:قوانغتشو]]
[[az:Quançjou]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kńg-chiu-chhī]]
[[be:Горад Гуанчжоў]]
[[be-x-old:Гуанчжоў]]
[[bg:Гуанджоу]]
[[bo:ཀོང་ཀྲོའུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།]]
[[bs:Guangzhou]]
[[ca:Canton]]
[[cs:Kanton (Čína)]]
[[cy:Guangzhou]]
[[da:Guangzhou]]
[[de:Guangzhou]]
[[et:Guangzhou]]
[[el:Κουανγκτσόου]]
[[es:Cantón (China)]]
[[eo:Kantono (Ĉinio)]]
[[eu:Guangzhou]]
[[fa:گوانگ‌ژو]]
[[fo:Guangzhou]]
[[fr:Canton (Chine)]]
[[gl:Guangzhou]]
[[gan:廣州]]
[[hak:Kóng-chiu-sṳ]]
[[ko:광저우 시]]
[[hy:Գուանչժոու]]
[[hi:ग्वांगझोउ]]
[[hr:Guangzhou]]
[[io:Guangzhou]]
[[id:Guangzhou]]
[[os:Гуанчжоу]]
[[is:Guangzhou]]
[[it:Canton]]
[[he:גואנגג'ואו]]
[[kl:Guangzhou]]
[[krc:Гуанчжоу]]
[[ka:გუანჯოუ]]
[[kk:Гуанчжоу]]
[[kw:Guangzhou]]
[[sw:Guangzhou]]
[[la:Quancheum]]
[[lv:Guandžou]]
[[lb:Guangzhou]]
[[lt:Guangdžou]]
[[hu:Kanton (város)]]
[[ml:ഗ്വാങ്ജോ]]
[[mi:Guangzhou]]
[[mr:क्वांगचौ]]
[[ms:Guangzhou]]
[[my:ကွမ်ကျိုးမြို့]]
[[nl:Kanton (stad)]]
[[ja:広州市]]
[[no:Guangzhou]]
[[nn:Guangzhou]]
[[pa:ਗੁਆਂਗਜ਼ੂ]]
[[pnb:شینیانگ]]
[[pl:Kanton (Chiny)]]
[[pt:Cantão (China)]]
[[ro:Guangzhou]]
[[qu:Guangzhou]]
[[ru:Гуанчжоу]]
[[sah:Гуандьоу]]
[[sco:Guangzhou]]
[[sq:Guangzhou]]
[[simple:Guangzhou]]
[[sk:Kanton (mesto)]]
[[sr:Гуангџоу]]
[[sh:Guangzhou]]
[[fi:Kanton]]
[[sv:Guangzhou]]
[[tl:Guangzhou]]
[[tt:Kanton]]
[[th:กว่างโจว]]
[[tr:Guangzhou]]
[[uk:Гуанчжоу]]
[[ur:گوانگژو]]
[[ug:گۇاڭجۇ شەھىرى]]
[[za:Gvangjcouh]]
[[vi:Quảng Châu]]
[[zh-classical:廣州市]]
[[war:Guangzhou]]
[[wuu:广州]]
[[zh-yue:廣州]]
[[zh:广州市]]

Revision as of 03:38, 7 October 2012

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