Jump to content

Gorilla Glass

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gorilla Glass Victus)
A Nokia N8 with a Gorilla Glass screen

Gorilla Glass, developed and manufactured by Corning, is a brand of chemically strengthened glass now in its ninth generation. Designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant, its surface strength and crack-resistance are achieved through immersion in a hot potassium-salt ion-exchange bath.[1]

The alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass is primarily used as cover glass for portable electronic devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, portable media players, portable computer displays, and television screens.[2] It is manufactured in Harrodsburg, Kentucky; Asan, South Korea;[3] and Taiwan. As of October 2017, Gorilla Glass was used in approximately five billion devices worldwide.[4] Despite its market dominance, Gorilla Glass faces competition from similar products, including AGC Inc.'s Dragontrail, Schott AG's Xensation, and synthetic sapphire.[5][6][7][4]

Background and development

[edit]

Corning experimented with chemically strengthened glass in 1960 as part of a "Project Muscle" initiative. Replacement of smaller sodium ions with larger potassium ones by a chemical treatment in order to improve the compressive strength of the surface layer of a glass was first developed by Steven Kistler in 1962.[8][9] Soon Corning researchers found that addition of aluminium and zirconium oxides improved the qualities even further.[10][9]

Within a few years they had developed a "muscled glass"[11] marketed as Chemcor. The product was used until the early 1990s in commercial and industrial applications, including automotive, aviation and pharmaceutical uses,[11] notably in approximately 100 Dodge Dart and Plymouth Barracuda racing cars in 1968, where minimizing the vehicle's weight was essential.[12]

Experimentation was revived in 2005, investigating whether the glass could be made thin enough for use in consumer electronics.[13] Although not called Gorilla Glass at the time, it was brought into commercial use with the launch of the iPhone in June 2007.[14][15] The iPhone that Steve Jobs revealed in January 2007 still featured a plastic display. The day after he held up the plastic iPhone on stage, Jobs complained about scratches that had developed on the phone's display after carrying it around in his pocket. Apple then contacted Corning and asked for a thin, toughened glass to be used in its new phone.[16] The scratch-resistant glass that shipped[17] on the first-generation iPhone would eventually come to be known as Gorilla Glass, officially introduced in February 2008.[18] Corning further developed the material for a variety of smartphones and other consumer electronics devices for a range of companies.[19][20][21]

Corning markets the material's primary properties as its high scratch-resistance (protective coating) and its hardness (with a Vickers hardness test rating of 622 to 701),[22] which allows the glass to be thin without being fragile. The glass can be recycled.[19]

In December 2015, Ford announced that it would use the material for the windshield and rear window of its second-generation Ford GT sports car going on sale in 2016.[23] It later spread to mainstream models such as the Ford F-150 and Jeep Wrangler.[24]

Manufacture

[edit]

During its manufacture, the glass is toughened by ion exchange. The material is immersed in a molten alkaline potassium salt at a temperature of approximately 400 °C (750 °F),[25] wherein smaller sodium ions in the glass are replaced by larger potassium ions from the salt bath. The larger ions occupy more volume and thereby create a surface layer of high residual compressive stress, giving the glass surface increased strength, the ability to contain flaws,[26] and overall crack-resistance,[27] making it resistant to damage from everyday use.[25]

Generations

[edit]

Gorilla Glass, initially featured on the original iPhone upon its release in June 2007,[14] was formally unveiled in February 2008.[18] By 2010, the glass had been used in approximately 20% of mobile handsets worldwide, or about 200 million units.[28]

Gorilla Glass 2 was introduced in January 2012.[29] The second generation is 20% thinner than the original Gorilla Glass.[30] It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S III.[31] In October 2012, Corning announced that over one billion mobile devices used Gorilla Glass.[32]

Gorilla Glass 3 was introduced at CES 2013 on January 7.[33] According to Corning, the material is up to three times more scratch-resistant than the previous version, with enhanced ability to resist deep scratches that typically weaken glass.[34][35] Promotional material for Gorilla Glass 3 claims that it is 40% more scratch-resistant in addition to being more flexible.[36] The design of Gorilla Glass 3 was Corning's first use of atomic-scale modeling before the material was melted in laboratories, with the prediction of the optimal composition obtained through the application of rigidity theory.[37] The first phone to use Gorilla Glass 3 was the Samsung Galaxy S4.[38]

When Gorilla Glass 3 was announced, Corning indicated that areas for future improvements included reducing reflectivity and susceptibility to fingerprint smudges, changing surface treatments, and the way the glass is finished.[30] Antimicrobial Gorilla Glass, with antibacterial ionic silver incorporated into its surface, was introduced and demonstrated at CES 2014 in January.[39]

Gorilla Glass 4 was introduced in November 2014.[40] It has better damage resistance and capability to be made thinner with the same performance as its predecessor.[41] It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Alpha.[42]

Gorilla Glass 5 was introduced in July 2016.[43] It offers better resistance to cracking from drops and was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Note 7.[44]

Gorilla Glass SR+ was introduced in August 2016.[45] It was designed for wearable mobile devices, focusing on toughness, scratch resistance, and optical clarity.[46] It was first used on the Samsung Gear S3 smartwatch.[47]

Gorilla Glass 6 was introduced in July 2018.[48] It has the scratch resistance of Gorilla Glass 5, but is designed to withstand multiple drops from even greater heights. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S10.[49]

Gorilla Glass DX and DX+ were introduced in July 2018, following the launch of Gorilla Glass 6.[50] An extension of Gorilla Glass SR+, Gorilla Glass DX features enhanced antireflective optics with the same scratch resistance of Gorilla Glass, while Gorilla Glass DX+ provides enhanced antireflective optics with superior scratch resistance. While primarily intended for wearable mobile devices, developments were underway to adapt these new glass composites to larger form-factor devices.[50] Gorilla Glass DX+ was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Watch.[51]

Gorilla Glass 3+ was introduced in August 2019.[52] It was designed for intermediate and value-segment mobile devices, and its drop performance bridges the gap between Gorilla Glass 3 and Gorilla Glass 5 in this market segment.[52]

Gorilla Glass Victus was introduced in July 2020.[53] It improves both drop and scratch performance and is claimed by Corning to be twice as scratch-resistant as Gorilla Glass 6.[53] It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra.[54]

In July 2021, Corning announced that it will bring its Gorilla Glass DX and DX+ glass composites to cover smartphone camera lenses and said that Samsung would be the first customer to adopt them.[55] The first Samsung phones to use Gorilla Glass DX protection for the cameras were the Galaxy Z Fold 3 and the Galaxy Z Flip 3.[56]

Gorilla Glass Victus 2 was introduced in November 2022.[57] The second-generation Victus has a new composition for improved drop performance on rough surfaces like concrete. In terms of scratch resistance, it is said to be similar to its predecessor.[58] However, according to one user report, the glass is susceptible to micro-scratches, and it has been suggested that this could be due to the use of softer materials for improved resistance to shattering.[59][60] Gorilla Glass Victus 2 was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S23 series.[61]

Gorilla Glass's ninth generation, branded as Gorilla Armor, was introduced in January 2024.[62] Although Corning hasn't directly compared it to the previous generation, the company claims that the glass performs up to three times better in drop tests onto concrete and is four times more scratch-resistant than competitive aluminosilicate cover glasses. Additionally, it enhances visual clarity by reducing reflectance by up to 75% compared to a typical glass surface, thereby improving display readability. It was first used on the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra.[62]

Gorilla Glass 7i was introduced in June 2024, specifically targeting intermediate and value-segment smartphones. It offers enhanced drop protection and scratch resistance, outperforming competitive lithium aluminosilicate glasses. According to Corning, Gorilla Glass 7i can withstand drops from up to one meter onto rough surfaces, an improvement over similar materials that typically fail at half that height, while also being up to two times as scratch-resistant.[63]

Comparison of properties

[edit]
Generation 1[22] 2[64][65] 3[66] 4[67][68] 5[69] SR+[a] 6[70] DX/DX+[a] 3+ Victus[71] Victus 2[72] Armor 7i [73]
Announced Feb 2008[18] Jan 2012[29] Jan 2013[33] Nov 2014[40] Jul 2016[43] Aug 2016[45] Jul 2018[48] Jul 2018[50] Aug 2019[52] Jul 2020[53] Nov 2022[57] Jan 2024[62] Jun 2024[63]
Density in g/cm3 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.42 2.43 2.4 2.4 2.41 2.41
Young's modulus in GPa 73.3 71.5 70 65.8 77 77 77 79 77
Poisson's ratio 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22
Shear modulus in GPa 30.1 29.6 28.5 26 31.7 31.9 31.4 32.2 31.8
Vickers hardness (200g load):
Unstrengthened in kgf/mm2 		622 534 555 489 559 611 590 595 591
Vickers hardness (200g load):
Strengthened in kgf/mm2 		701 649 653 596 608 678 651 670 658
Fracture toughness in MPa m0.5 0.7 0.68 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.7 0.76 0.82 0.78
Coefficient of thermal expansion
(0–300 °C) in 10-7/K 		91.0 81.4 75.8 86.9 78.8 75.2 72.5 58.8 59.9
[edit]

Superfest is a chemically hardened glass also known as Ceverit and CV-Glas. It was developed in East Germany in the 1970s.

On October 26, 2011, Corning announced the commercial launch of Lotus Glass, designed for OLED and next-generation LC displays.[74] The intrinsic thermal consistency of Lotus Glass allows it to retain its shape and quality during high-temperature processing. Decreased compaction and variation during the crystallization and activation step further reduce stress and distortions to the substrate. This enables tighter design rules in advanced backplanes for higher resolution and faster response time.[75] According to Corning, Gorilla Glass is specifically a cover glass for the exterior of display devices while Lotus Glass is designed as a glass substrate to be used within liquid crystal display panels. In other words, a single product could incorporate both Gorilla Glass and Lotus Glass.[76]

On February 2, 2012, Corning Incorporated and Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. signed an agreement to establish a new equity venture for the manufacture of specialty glass substrates for the OLED device market in Korea. The joint venture is based on Lotus Glass.[77] Lotus XT Glass became available in 2013.[78]

In 2012, Corning introduced Willow Glass,[79] a flexible glass based on borosilicate glass,[80] launched for use as a display substrate.

Ceramic Shield, a ceramic-hardened front glass, was co-developed with Apple and is used on all iPhones from iPhone 12 onwards (except the third-generation iPhone SE).[81]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b For wearable mobile devices.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "How Gorilla Glass is Made | Glass Composition and Manufacturing Process | Corning Gorilla Glass". www.corning.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  2. ^ "FAQs". Gorilla Glass. Corning. March 10, 2012. Archived from the original on October 28, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  3. ^ "Corning Announces Transfer of Corning® Gorilla® Glass Production". Corning. March 6, 2014. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  4. ^ a b "One of the world's oldest products faces the digital future". The Economist. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017.
  5. ^ "Gorilla Glass maker unveils ultra-thin and flexible Willow Glass". Physics News. Archived from the original on 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  6. ^ "Xensation". Schott. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  7. ^ "Gorilla Glass 6 gives phones a better shot at surviving multiple drops". Engadget, July 19, 2018, Jon Fingas. 18 July 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  8. ^ Kistler, S. S. (February 1962). "Stresses in Glass Produced by Nonuniform Exchange of Monovalent Ions". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 45 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11081.x. ISSN 0002-7820.
  9. ^ a b Madsen, Lynnette D.; Svedberg, Erik B. (2016-01-14). Materials Research for Manufacturing: An Industrial Perspective of Turning Materials into New Products. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-319-23419-9.
  10. ^ Nordberg, Martin E.; Mochel, Ellen L.; Garfinkel, Harmon M.; Olcott, Joseph S. (May 1964). "Strengthening by Ion Exchange". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 47 (5): 215–219. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1964.tb14399.x. ISSN 0002-7820.
  11. ^ a b Pogue, David (December 9, 2010). "Gorilla Glass, the Smartphone's Unsung Hero". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
  12. ^ Isaacson, Walter (2011). "36 – The iPhone: Three Revolutionary Products in One". Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster. pp. 471–72. ISBN 978-1-4516-4853-9.
  13. ^ Gardiner, Bryan (2012-09-24). "Glass Works: How Corning Created the Ultrathin, Ultrastrong Material of the Future". Wired. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  14. ^ a b "Glass vendor Corning to receive $200 million from Apple's new fund". idownloadblog.com. 12 May 2017. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017. [In 2005,] Corning CEO Wendell Weeks gave Steve Jobs a demonstration of his company's glass material. Jobs was impressed and decided to use Corning's glass protection for the original iPhone, as explained in Walter Isaacson's authorized biography of the late Apple co-founder
  15. ^ Isaacson, Walter (2011). Walter Isaacson Great Innovators e-book boxed set: Steve Jobs, Benjamin Franklin, Einstein. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-7760-7. Archived from the original on 2018-05-10.
  16. ^ Ricker, Thomas (2019-07-09). "What happened to the original iPhone's plastic screen?". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  17. ^ "iPhone Delivers Up to Eight Hours of Talk Time – Now Features Durable Glass Top Surface" (Press release). Apple. 2007-06-18. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  18. ^ a b c "Corning Extends Fusion Process to Tackle Touch-Screen Applications" (Press release). 8 February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008.
  19. ^ a b "FAQs". Gorilla Glass. Corning. Archived from the original on 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2001-10-08.
  20. ^ Nusca, Andrew (December 22, 2009). "The science behind stronger display glass on your phone, computer". SmartPlanet. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  21. ^ "Full Products List". Gorilla Glass. Corning. Archived from the original on 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  22. ^ a b "Gorilla Glass" (PDF). Technical Materials. Corning. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  23. ^ "Gorilla Glass, used for cell phones, is coming to cars - Houston Chronicle". Archived from the original on 2015-12-25. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
  24. ^ Atiyeh, Clifford (25 September 2019). "Gorilla Glass Windshields Are Impressive, but Are They Worth the Money?". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  25. ^ a b "How It's Made: Ion-exchange process". Gorilla Glass. Corning. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  26. ^ "What Stresses Gorilla Glass Makes It Stronger". Inside Science, Sophie Bushwick, February 4, 2015. 17 May 2013. Archived from the original on February 5, 2015.
  27. ^ Walton, Donnell; Amin, Jaymin; Shashdhar, Naga (12 July 2010), Electronic Design – Specialty Glass: a new design element in consumer electronics (PDF), Corning, archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2014.
  28. ^ Ulanoff, Lance (January 12, 2011). "Why Is Gorilla Glass So Strong?". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  29. ^ a b "Corning Unveils New Gorilla® Glass 2" (Press release). 9 January 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017.
  30. ^ a b "Corning, After Thinning Out Gorilla Glass, Makes New Generation Tougher". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  31. ^ "New Corning® Gorilla® Glass 2 Selected for Samsung GALAXY S III" (Press release). Corning. 2012-05-29. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  32. ^ News release, Corning, Oct 24, 2012, archived from the original on 2012-10-26.
  33. ^ a b "Corning Launches New Gorilla® Glass 3 with Native Damage Resistance™" (Press release). Corning. 2013-01-07. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  34. ^ "Gorilla Glass". Corning. Archived from the original on 2013-10-28. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  35. ^ Dante D'Orazio (3 January 2013). "Corning Gorilla Glass 3 to be three times more scratch resistant than previous generation". The Verge. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017.
  36. ^ Lidsky, David (2013-02-11). "Corning". Most innovative companies. Fast Company. Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  37. ^ Wray, Peter (7 January 2013). "Gorilla Glass 3 explained (and it is a modeling first for Corning!)". Ceramic Tech Today. The American Ceramic Society. Archived from the original on 2014-01-26.
  38. ^ Skipworth, Hunter (2013-04-22). "Samsung Galaxy S4's Gorilla Glass 3 screen is nearly invincible". Pocket-lint. Archived from the original on 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  39. ^ "Corning Unveils World's First Antimicrobial Cover". Archived from the original on 2014-12-15.
  40. ^ a b "Corning Redefines the Standard in Damage Resistance With Gorilla® Glass 4" (Press release). Corning. 2014-11-20. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  41. ^ "Mobile Phones, Smartphones, Slates, Tablets, Notebooks, Wearables and other devices with Gorilla Glass – Corning Gorilla Glass" (PDF). www.corninggorillaglass.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-01-31.
  42. ^ Lee, Tyler (2014-12-10). "Samsung Galaxy Alpha Was The First Phone To Use Corning's Gorilla Glass 4". Ubergizmo. Archived from the original on 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  43. ^ a b "Corning Unveils Corning® Gorilla® Glass 5" (Press release). Corning. 2016-07-20. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  44. ^ "The Galaxy Note 7 is the first phone with Gorilla Glass 5". androidcentral.com. 2016-08-02. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2016-09-01.
  45. ^ a b "Corning introduces Gorilla Glass SR+ for wearables" (Press release). Corning. 2016-08-31. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  46. ^ "Corning introduces Gorilla Glass SR+ for wearables". Android Authority. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017.
  47. ^ "Samsung Gear S3 watches get bigger screens and batteries". BBC. 2016-08-31. Archived from the original on 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2016-09-01.
  48. ^ a b "Corning Introduces Corning Gorilla Glass 6, Delivering Improved Durability for Next-Generation Mobile Devices" (Press release). Corning. 18 July 2018. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  49. ^ "Samsung Galaxy Note10 | Samsung | Corning Gorilla Glass". www.corning.com. Samsung. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  50. ^ a b c "Corning Announces Corning® Gorilla® Glass DX and Corning® Gorilla® Glass DX+" (Press release). Corning. 18 July 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  51. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass DX+ Chosen for Samsung Galaxy Watch" (Press release). Corning. August 9, 2018. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  52. ^ a b c "Corning Adds Corning® Gorilla® Glass 3+ to Portfolio of Advantaged Cover Glasses". www.corning.com. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  53. ^ a b c "Corning Introduces Corning Gorilla Glass Victus, The Toughest Gorilla Glass Yet For Mobile Consumer Electronics" (Press release). Corning. 23 July 2020. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  54. ^ "Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra | Samsung | Corning Gorilla Glass". Corning. Archived from the original on 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  55. ^ "Corning Expands Corning® Gorilla® Glass Composite Products to Optimize Performance of Mobile Device Cameras" (Press release). Corning. 2021-07-22. Archived from the original on 2022-12-18. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  56. ^ Matei, Mihai (2022-01-05). "Galaxy S22 Ultra has Gorilla Glass camera protection, says new leak". SamMobile. Archived from the original on 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  57. ^ a b "Corning Redefines Tough with Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus® 2" (Press release). Corning. 2022-11-30. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  58. ^ "Corning unveils Gorilla Glass Victus 2 with improved drop protection". Business Standard. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  59. ^ Sohail, Omar (2023-02-15). "Galaxy S23 Ultra's Gorilla Glass Victus 2 Is Not Scratch-Resistant; Owner Claims Flagship Received 'Micro-Abrasions' While Kept In the Pocket". Wccftech. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  60. ^ Shanto, Abid Ahsan (2023-02-15). "Galaxy S23 Ultra Is Not as Scratch-Resistant as It Claims!". Gizchina.com. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  61. ^ McNeal, Ryan (2023-01-26). "Galaxy S23 series to be the first phone to use Gorilla Glass Victus 2". Android Authority. Archived from the original on 2023-03-04. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  62. ^ a b c "Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Creates New Standards of Durability and Visual Clarity with Corning® Gorilla® Armor" (Press release). Corning. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  63. ^ a b "Corning Launches Corning® Gorilla® Glass 7i, Expanding Portfolio of Durable Cover Glasses" (Press release). Corning. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  64. ^ "MatWeb - Corning Gorilla® Glass 2". www.matweb.com. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  65. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass 2 datasheet" (PDF). valleydesign.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  66. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass 3 datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  67. ^ Wallace, John (2014-11-20). "Corning introduces Gorilla Glass 4, next generation of chemically strengthened glass for displays, devices". Laser Focus World. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  68. ^ "MatWeb - Corning Gorilla® Glass 4 Touch Screen Glass".
  69. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass 5 datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  70. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass 6 datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  71. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass Victus datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  72. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass Victus 2 datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  73. ^ "Corning Gorilla Glass 7i datasheet" (PDF). corning.com. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  74. ^ "Corning Unveils Corning Lotus Glass for High-Performance Displays – New composition enables OLED and next generation liquid crystal displays". Corning. Oct 25, 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-06-15.
  75. ^ "Corning Lotus Glass and Gorilla Glass 2". CA: Gizmo. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014.
  76. ^ "Corning Lotus Glass to compliment [sic] Gorilla Glass". Smart keitai. October 26, 2011. Archived from the original on January 16, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  77. ^ "Corning and Samsung Mobile Display Form New OLED Glass Venture – New business expands Corning's long-standing collaboration with Samsung" (press release). Corning. 2012-02-02. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  78. ^ "Corning: Corning Lotus XT Glass, May 2013". corning.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-12.
  79. ^ McEntegart, Jane (4 June 2012). "Tom's Hardware, Gorilla Glass Maker Corning Debuts Flexible Willow Glass". Tom’s hardware. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  80. ^ "Willow Glass (2014 fact sheet)" (fact sheet). Corning. 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  81. ^ Vincent, James (2020-10-13). "Apple's new iPhone 12 line-up comes with a ceramic-hardened display". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Gorilla_Glass&oldid=1262089054"