Ranunculus auricomus
| Ranunculus auricomus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Ranunculus |
| Species: | R. auricomus
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| Binomial name | |
| Ranunculus auricomus | |
Ranunculus auricomus, known as goldilocks buttercup[1] or Greenland buttercup,[2] is a perennial species of buttercup native to Eurasia. It is a calcicole typically found in moist woods and at the margins of woods. It is apomictic, and several hundred agamospecies have been recognised.[1]
Description
[edit]Ranunculus auricomus is a short and slightly hairy perennial herb with bright yellow flowers.[3][4] It can reach a height between 30–50 centimetres (20 in), and have as many as 10 palmately-lobed basal leaves. Its upper stem leaves are deeply divided into 3-5 narrow segments giving the plant a filiform appearance.[1]: 114 Its flowers are frequently imperfect or missing, making it difficult to identify Ranunculus auricomus by flowers alone.
Distribution
[edit]Ranunculus auricomus is native to northern Europe and western Asia, approximately from latitudes 43 to 71 degrees and from western Ireland to the Ural Mountains.[5] In Britain it is generally a lowland species but has been recorded at 1,090 metres (3,580 ft) on Aonach Beag.[6] It is common in England and southern Scotland but becomes increasingly uncommon in the north and west,[4] so much so that, for example, it is named in the description of the Nature Reserve of Coed Garnllwyd in the Vale of Glamorgan.[7]
Habitat and ecology
[edit]Ranunculus auricomus is a perennial herb which is characteristic of deciduous woodland growing over base rich soils such as those underlain by chalk or limestone. In addition it has been recorded growing among scrub, along roadsides and in churchyards, and infrequently on open moorland in locations which are sheltered by boulders and on sheltered mountain ledges.[6] Flowering starts in April and peaks at the end of May and start of June, although these flowers attract pollinating insects the plant is incapable of being pollinated and reproduces by apomixis, the seeds developing from unfertilised ova.[3]
It has been hypothesized that since asexual reproduction in plants is associated with a lack of genetic recombinational variation in populations, this reduces the efficiency of selection against deleterious mutations.[8] This deficiency is considered to lead to the accumulation of mutations, a gradual increase in mutational load (Muller’s ratchet), and thus the rapid extinction of such asexual lineages. However apomictic, asexual R. auricomus appears to have overcome this limitation by having a little bit of sex.[8]
Taxonomy
[edit]Ranunculus auricomus is a species aggregation in which several hundred agamospecies, that is species which lack gametes, have been found with possibly a hundred or so in Britain alone.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Stace, Clive A. (2010). "Ranunculus L. – Buttercups". New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 110–119. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
- ^ NRCS. "Ranunculus auricomus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Goldilocks Ranunculus auricomus group". LuontoPortti / NatureGate. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Goldilocks Buttercup agg. - Ranunculus auricomus agg.". NatureSpot. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Anderberg, Arne. "Ranunculus auricomus (L.) Sw". Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
- ^ a b "Ranunculus auricomus". Online Atlas of British and Irish Flora. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ "Coed Garnllwyd" (PDF). Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ a b Hojsgaard D, Hörandl E (2015). "A little bit of sex matters for genome evolution in asexual plants". Front Plant Sci. 6: 82. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00082. PMC 4335465. PMID 25750646.
- ^ "Ranunculus auricomus Goldilocks Buttercup". UK Wildflowers. Peter Llewellyn. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
External links
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Media related to Ranunculus auricomus at Wikimedia Commons
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