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Toyota Coaster

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Toyota Coaster
Toyota Coaster GX (XZB70)
Overview
ManufacturerToyota Motor Corporation
Also called
  • Hino Liesse II
  • Wanli Toyota Coaster (China, JV)
Production1969–present
Assembly
Body and chassis
ClassMinibus
Body styleSingle-decker minibus
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive / four-wheel drive
Floor typeStep entrance
ChassisSWB/LWB/SLWB
Powertrain
Engine
Capacity8–30
Transmission
Dimensions
Length6,200–7,725 mm (244.1–304.1 in)[1][2]
Width2,000 mm (78.7 in)
Height2,600 mm (102.4 in)
Curb weight2,575–3,745 kg (5,677–8,256 lb)

The Toyota Coaster (Japanese: トヨタ・コースター, Hepburn: Toyota Kōsutā) is a single-decker minibus produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. It was introduced in 1969, with the second generation introduced in 1982, followed by the third generation in 1992 and the fourth generation in late 2016. In Japan, the Coaster is sold exclusively at Toyota Store dealerships. Since 1996, the Toyota Coaster is also sold under the name Hino Liesse II.[3][4]

In Japan, the Coaster was formerly produced by Toyota Auto Body at its Yoshiwara plant.[5] In December 2016, after the launching of a revised Coaster, production was transferred to the Honsha plant of a Toyota Auto Body subsidiary, Gifu Auto Body.[6]

A number of unlicensed clones of third generation Coasters have been (and are still) made in China, including Jiangnan Motors' JNQ5041/JNQ6601,[7][8] Joylong Motors' HKL6700,[9] Golden Dragon's XML6700[10] and Sunlong Bus' SLK6770.[11]

History

[edit]

The Toyota Coaster was introduced in 1969 as a 17-passenger minibus using the same running gear as the Toyota Dyna of the time. Early models used the 2.0-litre Toyota R engine with a 4-speed manual transmission. With its engine rated at 98 PS (72 kW), a RU19 Coaster could attain a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph).[12] Subsequent models used a variety of four and six-cylinder diesel and petrol engines, and an option of automatic transmission was later introduced. A smaller alternative was later introduced at Toyopet Store locations, based on the Toyota ToyoAce called the Toyota HiAce which had the ability to carry up to 10 passengers but complied with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement.

In August 1997, Toyota "Coaster Hybrid EV" minibus was launched, ahead of the Prius. The Coaster Hybrid, according to Toyota, became its first production hybrid vehicle.[13] Production of the Coaster Hybrid continued until 2007.

The LPG Coaster, fueled by liquefied petroleum gas, was developed specifically for the Hong Kong market and its air pollution problems.[14]

The Coaster is widely used in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the Caribbean, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, Panama, and Peru as public transportation. These buses are imported mainly from Asia and have the steering wheel moved to the left and the passenger door to the other side.

First generation (U10/B10)

[edit]
First generation Toyota Coaster

The Coaster was introduced in February 1969 in 22 and 26-seat models using the Dyna's U platform. It had the 1,994 cc (2.0 L) 5R petrol engine and the 2,481 cc (2.5 L) 2J diesel engine and was sold with the model code of RU18 and JU18. All models had a 4-speed manual gearbox with column shift. Air conditioning was available as an option on the deluxe models.[15]

In February 1972, the 2J engine was replaced by the 2,997 cc (3.0 L) diesel B engine, which was only available with a 5-speed manual gearbox with column shift. The updated models were sold with the model codes of RU19 and BU19.[15]

Rear view (first generation)

In August 1977, the Coaster's model platform code was changed to the B series, although the vehicle itself was mostly unchanged. The RB10 had the same 5R petrol engine as before but RB11 a 2,189 cc (2.2 L) 20R petrol engine was introduced. The B diesel engine was dropped and the 3,168 cc (3.2 L) 2B diesel engine was introduced on the B10. 21 and 25-seat models were available in addition to the previous 22 and 26-seat models. A high–roof model was added.[15]

In November 1979, column shift gearbox selection was dropped. All gearboxes were henceforth floor shifted. The 5R petrol engine was also dropped. The front grill received a mild face lift.[15]

In August 1980, the 2,366 cc (2.4 L) 22R petrol engine was introduced on the RB13 model.[15]

Second generation (B20/B30)

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B30 Coaster
B30 Coaster rear

In May 1982, the Coaster received a major update to its body. It now had a wraparound front windscreen and thicker rear pillars. For the high-roof models, the 2-piece folding passenger door was replaced with a single piece door. The 20R petrol engine was dropped and the 2B diesel engine was replaced with the 3,431 cc (3.4 L) 3B diesel engine for the BB20. The 22R engine continued on the RB20. It was available in 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 26-seat models.[15][16]

Third generation (B40/B50)

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Toyota Coaster B50 (2001 facelift)
Toyota Coaster B50 (2001 facelift)

In December 1992, the body was made more aerodynamic.[17]

Engines were the 4.2-litre 1HD-T turbocharged diesel, the 4.2-litre 1HZ diesel and the 3.4-litre 3B diesel.[17]

In November 1995, the 4WD BB58 was added. The 4.1-litre 15B-F diesel engine was introduced.[17]

In August 1997, a series hybrid EV model was added using a 1.5-litre engine.[17]

The third generation Coaster received a facelift in 2001, and again in 2007.

Fourth generation (B60/B70/B80)

[edit]
B70 Coaster
B70 Coaster rear
B70 Coaster interior

The fourth generation Toyota Coaster was unveiled on 22 December 2016[18] and was made available for purchase in Japan on 23 January 2017. It is available with the same engine choices as the outgoing model. The Coaster was the first vehicle to undergo a full redesign under Toyota's newly incorporated Commercial Vehicle (CV) company responsible for the design and development of commercial vehicles. The fourth generation Coaster incorporates many safety features as standard including air-bags for the driver and front passenger, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), a ringed frame body for increased roll-over protection, pre-tensioners for the seat belts and force limiters which reduce the pressure on the passenger's chest in the event of a collision.

The height was increased by 60 mm (2.4 in), the width was increased by 40 mm (1.6 in) and the window height was increased by 50 mm (2.0 in) over the outgoing model. The door step were also lengthened by 65 mm (2.6 in) for easier entry and exit. The body was designed in a square shape for a more spacious seating space. The windshield was widened for increased outward visibility. The Coaster is available in three configurations; the standard wheelbase configuration can seat 25 passengers (19 passengers if used in Hong Kong as public light buses), the long wheelbase configuration can either seat 24 or 29 passengers while a school bus configuration can seat 3 adults and 49 children. The school bus configuration does not have a front passenger seat.[19][20]

For Thailand, the Coaster was unveiled on 5 June 2019 with the Hino 4.0-litre common-rail diesel N04C-VL engine.[21]

Production of models with the N04C diesel engine ended in February 2022 and were replaced by the 1GD-FTV diesel engine.[22]

Variants

[edit]
  • BB10 – 2B engine – First Generation diesel, 22–25 passengers[23]
  • RB20 – 22R 2.4-litre petrol engine, 26 passengers
  • BB21/BB22/BB23 – 3B/13B/14B 4-cyl engine, 26 passengers (1981–1993)
  • HB30 – 2H Engine, 30 passengers
  • HB31 – 12H-T turbo engine for EX models, sliding door (1981–1990)
  • HDB30 – 1HD-T turbo engine for EX models (1989–1993)
  • HZB30 – 1HZ engine, 30 passengers (1990–1993)
  • BB40 – 3B engine, 26 passenger (1993–2003)
  • HZB40 – 1HZ engine, 26 passengers
  • HZB50 – 1HZ engine, 30 passengers (1993–2016)
  • HZB51 – 1HZ turbo engine, Intercooler 30 passengers (1993–2012)
  • HDB50 – 1HD turbo engine, non airbag suspension (1993–2003)
  • HDB51 – 1HD turbo engine, airbag suspension (1993–2003)
  • BB50 – 15B-FTE 4-cyl turbo intercooled engine, 6-speed manual or auto (2003–2006)
  • XZB50/XZB51/XZB56 - Hino N04C 4-cyl turbo intercooled engine (2004–2016)
  • BB58 – 15B (1997–1999) / 15B-FT (1999–2004) 4x4 factory built, uses Toyota Mega Cruiser's transmission and front portal axle differentials

Petrol Engines

[edit]
Engine Horsepower Max. Torque Region Years
5R 1,994 cc (121.7 cu in) 79 kW (106 hp) at 5,200 rpm 163 N⋅m (120 lbf⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm 1969-1977
20R 2,190 cc (134 cu in) 67 kW (90 hp) at 4,800 rpm 165 N⋅m (122 lbf⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm
22R 2,366 cc (144.4 cu in) 72 kW (97 hp) at 4,800 rpm 174 N⋅m (128 lbf⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm
3RZ 2,693 cc (164.3 cu in) 112 kW (150 hp) at 4,800 rpm 240 N⋅m (177 lbf⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm
2TR-FE 2,693 cc (164.3 cu in) 118 kW (158 hp) at 5,200 rpm 246 N⋅m (181 lbf⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm
3F 3,995 cc (243.8 cu in) 116 kW (155 hp) at ? rpm 303 N⋅m (223 lbf⋅ft) at ? rpm
6GR 3,956 cc (241.4 cu in) 171 kW (229 hp) at 5,000 rpm 345 N⋅m (254 lbf⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 2013

Diesel Engines

[edit]
Engine Horsepower Max. Torque Region Years
2J 2,481 cc (151.4 cu in) 51 kW (70 PS) at 3,600 rpm 0 N⋅m (0 lbf⋅ft) at ? rpm -
1GD-FTV 2,755 cc (168.1 cu in) 129 kW (175 PS) at 3,400 rpm 420 N⋅m (310 lbf⋅ft) at 1600 - 2,800 rpm 2022-present
B 2,977 cc (181.7 cu in) 59 kW (80 PS) at 3,600 rpm 191 N⋅m (141 lbf⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm -
2B 3,168 cc (193.3 cu in) 68 kW (93 PS) at 2,200 rpm 215 N⋅m (159 lbf⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm -
3B 3,432 cc (209.4 cu in) 66 kW (90 PS) at 3,500 rpm 217 N⋅m (160 lbf⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm -
13B 3,432 cc (209.4 cu in) 74 kW (100 PS) at ? rpm 235 N⋅m (173 lbf⋅ft) at ? rpm -
14B 3,681 cc (224.6 cu in) 73 kW (98 hp) at 3,400 rpm 240 N⋅m (177 lbf⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm -
Hino N04C series 4,009 cc (244.6 cu in) 110 kW (148 hp) at 2,800 rpm 420 N⋅m (310 lbf⋅ft) at 1,400 rpm -
2H 3,980 cc (243 cu in) 80 kW (107 hp) at 3,500 rpm 240 N⋅m (177 lbf⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm -
12H-T 3,980 cc (243 cu in) 100 kW (134 hp) at 3,500 rpm 315 N⋅m (232 lbf⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm -
15B-F 4,104 cc (250.4 cu in) 86 kW (115 hp) at 3,200 rpm 290 N⋅m (214 lbf⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm 1993-1999
15B-FT 4,104 cc (250.4 cu in) 101 kW (136 hp) at ? rpm 0 N⋅m (0 lbf⋅ft) at ? rpm 1999-2003
15B-FTE 4,104 cc (250.4 cu in) 114 kW (153 hp) at 3,200 rpm 382 N⋅m (282 lbf⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm 2003-2006
1HD 4,164 cc (254.1 cu in) 122 kW (164 hp) at 3,600 rpm 361 N⋅m (266 lbf⋅ft) at 1,400 rpm 1990-1995
1HZ 4,164 cc (254.1 cu in) 96 kW (129 hp) at 3,800 rpm 285 N⋅m (210 lbf⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm -

Conversions

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The Toyota Coaster is used for motor home conversions. Retired Coasters are converted for home use by removal of most of the passenger seats, and the addition of beds, kitchens, TV, sink, water tanks, annexes and other fixtures.[24]

The Toyota Coaster has also been used as a road–rail vehicle on the Asato Line with extensive DMV modifications such as an elongated bonnet that houses a mechanism that deploys the front steel wheels and lowers the rear steel wheels which allows the vehicle to run on rails. The original rear axles still move the vehicle in rail mode.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ "Toyota Coaster Specs". Toyota Australia. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  2. ^ "Coaster Bus". Hong Kong: Crown Motors. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  3. ^ "Hino Liesse II". Hino. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
  4. ^ "Hino Bus". Hino Thailand. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
  5. ^ "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
  6. ^ "【トヨタ コースター 新型】増井専務「快適性や安全性を大幅に向上した」" [All-new Toyota Coaster – President Masui: 'It greatly improved comfort and safety'] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 2016-12-22. Retrieved 2019-12-21.
  7. ^ "Chunzhou Auto – Jiangnan automobile Manufacture". Archived from the original on 2011-06-06.
  8. ^ "Chunzhou Auto – Jiangnan automobile Manufacture". Archived from the original on 2011-06-21.
  9. ^ De Feijter, Tycho (2011-12-22). "Joylong Automobile copies yet Another Toyota". CarNewsChina.com. Beijing. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  10. ^ "Golden Dragon XML6700". Golden Dragon Bus. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  11. ^ "SunLong Midbus SLK6770 JUMBO". China Buses. 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  12. ^ 愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。 [Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow] (catalog) (in Japanese), Toyota Japan, 1972, p. 8
  13. ^ "Sales in Japan of TMC Hybrids Top 1 Million Units" (Press release). Toyota Japan. 2010-08-05. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  14. ^ "LPG Coaster – The Green Way to Travel". Toyota Hong Kong. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Vehicle Identification Manual. Toyota. 1984. No.97913-84.
  16. ^ "75 Years of Toyota | Vehicle Lineage | Coaster | 2nd". 2012. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  17. ^ a b c d "75 Years of Toyota | Vehicle Lineage | Coaster | 3rd". 2012. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  18. ^ Schmitt, Betel (2016-12-22). "24 Years Later, Toyota Launches A New Coaster". Forbes. US. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  19. ^ "Toyota 'Coaster' Undergoes Model Change After 24 Years". Toyota. 2016-12-22. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  20. ^ Oliva, Jacob (2016-12-23). "Toyota to launch all-new Coaster model after 24 years". Auto Deal. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  21. ^ Cnoe, MoO (2019-06-05). "ราคาอย่างเป็นทางการ Toyota COASTER รถมินิบัส 20 ที่นั่ง : 1,960,000 บาท ดีเซล 4.0 เทอร์โบ MT (นำเข้า CBU)" [Official price Toyota COASTER minibus 20 seats: 1,960,000 baht diesel 4.0 turbo MT (imported CBU)]. HeadLight Magazine (in Thai). Thailand. Retrieved 2019-06-05.
  22. ^ "弊社小型バス「コースター」の燃費性能に関するお詫びとお知らせ" [Apology and announcement regarding the fuel efficiency performance of our small bus "Coaster"] (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 2022-03-04. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  23. ^ "Toyota Coaster Variants". Custom Coaster. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  24. ^ "Toyota Coaster Motorhome Conversions Fitout". Australia: First Choice Motorhomes. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
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