Miglitol
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Glyset |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601079 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets) |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Dose-dependent |
| Protein binding | Negligible (<4.0%) |
| Metabolism | Nil |
| Elimination half-life | 2 hours |
| Excretion | Renal (95%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.069.670 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H17NO5 |
| Molar mass | 207.226 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Density | 1.458 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 114 °C (237 °F) |
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Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels.[1] Approved for clinical use since 1998, miglitol has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing HbA1c levels, and decreasing both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in long-term clinical trials.[1][2] Additionally, recent studies have suggested that miglitol may have potential as an anti-obesity agent, showing promise in reducing body weight and body mass index in obese or diabetic patients.[3] While generally well-tolerated, the most common side effects associated with miglitol are gastrointestinal disturbances, which are typically mild to moderate and tend to decrease over time.[1]
It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect[4]
In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.
Formulation
[edit]The benefits of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on health were shown to be stronger when the powder is consumed orally dissolved in water as a beverage in comparison to its intake as ordinary hard gelatin capsules.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Scott LJ, Spencer CM (March 2000). "Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 59 (3): 521–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012. PMID 10776834.
- ^ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H (2015). "Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 12: 51. doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8. PMC 4666030. PMID 26628904.
- ^ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ Moreira FD, Reis CE, Gallassi AD, Moreira DC, Welker AF (2024-10-09). Dardari D (ed.). "Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial". PLOS ONE. 19 (10): e0311501. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311501. PMC 11463819. PMID 39383145.
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