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Launch from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], near [[Lompoc, California]], aboard a [[Taurus rocket|Taurus XL]] rocket was originally planned for February 23, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title =Launch Schedule | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html| date=December 8, 2010 |accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> It was postponed due to a malfunction in ground support equipment.<ref>{{cite web | title =NASA Assessing New Launch Dates For The Glory Mission | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/feb/HQ_M11-056_Glory_Delay.html| date=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=March 3, 2011}}</ref> The next planned date of [[liftoff]] was March 4, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title =NASA's Glory Satellite Scheduled for Launch on March 4 | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/mar/HQ_M11-041_Glory_Launch_Day.html| date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=March 4, 2011}}</ref> The Taurus rocket also carried three small [[CubeSat]] satellites built by university students in Montana, Colorado and Kentucky.<ref>{{cite web | title =Taurus rocket nose shroud dooms another NASA satellite | publisher Spaceflight Now | url =http://spaceflightnow.com/taurus/glory/110304gloryfail/| date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=March 4, 2011}}</ref>
Launch from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], near [[Lompoc, California]], aboard a [[Taurus rocket|Taurus XL]] rocket was originally planned for February 23, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title =Launch Schedule | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html| date=December 8, 2010 |accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> It was postponed due to a malfunction in ground support equipment.<ref>{{cite web | title =NASA Assessing New Launch Dates For The Glory Mission | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/feb/HQ_M11-056_Glory_Delay.html| date=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=March 3, 2011}}</ref> The next planned date of [[liftoff]] was March 4, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title =NASA's Glory Satellite Scheduled for Launch on March 4 | publisher =NASA | url =http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/mar/HQ_M11-041_Glory_Launch_Day.html| date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=March 4, 2011}}</ref> The Taurus rocket also carried three small [[CubeSat]] satellites built by university students in Montana, Colorado and Kentucky.<ref>{{cite web | title =Taurus rocket nose shroud dooms another NASA satellite | publisher Spaceflight Now | url =http://spaceflightnow.com/taurus/glory/110304gloryfail/| date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=March 4, 2011}}</ref>


The launch took place on March 4, 2011, at 2:09:43 am [[Pacific Standard Time]] (10:09:43 UTC) from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]]. The Taurus XL rocket's first three stages functioned as planned, but the nose cone (also known as the [[payload fairing]]) failed to separate 2 minutes 58 seconds after the launch.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ned Potter | title=NASA's Glory Satellite Crashes in Pacific; Agency Blames Nose Cone | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/nasa-glory-satellite-launch-fails-nose-cone-blamed/story?id=13056948 | work=ABC News | date=March 4, 2011 | accessdate=4 March 2011}}</ref> The nose cone covers and protects the satellite during launch and ascent, and is designed to separate and fall away shortly after the launch. Due to the failure of the nose cone to separate, the rocket remained too heavy to reach the correct orbit. According to launch director Omar Baez, the satellite and launcher probably ended up in the [[southern Pacific Ocean]]. The failure was estimated to have cost at least $424 million.<ref name="sfn_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/glory/failure.html|title=NASA science satellite lost in Taurus launch failure|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=2011-03-04}}</ref><ref name="bbc_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12551861|title=Nasa Glory mission ends in failure|publisher=BBC News|date=2011-03-04}}</ref> This only includes the cost of the satellite itself, and not the cost of the launcher and launch services. During the previous failed Taurus XL launch, the vehicle and services were estimated to have cost $54m.<ref name="nasa_budget_estimates">[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/210019main_NASA_FY09_Budget_Estimates.pdf NASA FY2009 Budget Estimates]</ref>
The cumshot took place on March 4, 2011, at 2:09:43 am [[Pacific Standard Time]] (10:09:43 UTC) from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]]. The Taurus XL rocket's first three stages functioned as planned, but the nose cone (also known as the [[payload fairing]]) failed to separate 2 minutes 58 seconds after the launch.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ned Potter | title=NASA's Glory Satellite Crashes in Pacific; Agency Blames Nose Cone | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/nasa-glory-satellite-launch-fails-nose-cone-blamed/story?id=13056948 | work=ABC News | date=March 4, 2011 | accessdate=4 March 2011}}</ref> The nose cone covers and protects the satellite during launch and ascent, and is designed to separate and fall away shortly after the launch. Due to the failure of the nose cone to separate, the rocket remained too heavy to reach the correct orbit. According to launch director Omar Baez, the satellite and launcher probably ended up in the [[southern Pacific Ocean]]. The failure was estimated to have cost at least $424 million.<ref name="sfn_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/glory/failure.html|title=NASA science satellite lost in Taurus launch failure|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=2011-03-04}}</ref><ref name="bbc_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12551861|title=Nasa Glory mission ends in failure|publisher=BBC News|date=2011-03-04}}</ref> This only includes the cost of the satellite itself, and not the cost of the launcher and launch services. During the previous failed Taurus XL launch, the vehicle and services were estimated to have cost $54m.<ref name="nasa_budget_estimates">[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/210019main_NASA_FY09_Budget_Estimates.pdf NASA FY2009 Budget Estimates]</ref>


The previous Taurus XL launch with the [[Orbiting Carbon Observatory]] (OCO) in February 2009 also ended in a failure due to failed payload fairing separation.<ref name="sfn_glory"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Glory/main/index.html|title=Glory |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Following the failed OCO mission, Taurus XL launches were put on hold for two years as the rocket's manufacturer [[Orbital Sciences Corporation]] tried to fix the payload fairing separation problem, obviously without success.<ref name="guardian_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/mar/04/taurus-rocket-glory-satellite-earth|title=Taurus rocket carrying Glory climate satellite falls back to Earth|publisher=Guardian|date=2011-03-04}}</ref> A British OCO scientist said the loss of Glory was a great blow to the NASA Earth science program, especially since the reason for the launch failure was the same as with OCO.<ref name="bbc_glory"/>
The previous Taurus XL launch with the [[Orbiting Carbon Observatory]] (OCO) in February 2009 also ended in a failure due to failed payload fairing separation.<ref name="sfn_glory"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Glory/main/index.html|title=Glory |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Following the failed OCO mission, Taurus XL launches were put on hold for two years as the rocket's manufacturer [[Orbital Sciences Corporation]] tried to fix the payload fairing separation problem, obviously without success.<ref name="guardian_glory">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/mar/04/taurus-rocket-glory-satellite-earth|title=Taurus rocket carrying Glory climate satellite falls back to Earth|publisher=Guardian|date=2011-03-04}}</ref> A British OCO scientist said the loss of Glory was a great blow to the NASA Earth science program, especially since the reason for the launch failure was the same as with OCO.<ref name="bbc_glory"/>

Revision as of 03:34, 6 March 2011

Template:Launching/Taurus Template:Infobox spacecraft

On February 23, 2011, NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver (left) visited the mission's launch site.

The Glory satellite was a planned NASA satellite mission that would have collected data on the chemical, micro-physical and optical properties—and the spatial and temporal distributions—of aerosols, and would have collected solar irradiance data for the long-term climate record. The science focus areas served by Glory included: atmospheric composition; carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; climate variability and change; and water and energy cycles.[1] The satellite was lost on March 4, 2011, when its Taurus XL carrier rocket malfunctioned. The cost of the satellite was US$424 million.

Launch

Launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, near Lompoc, California, aboard a Taurus XL rocket was originally planned for February 23, 2011.[2] It was postponed due to a malfunction in ground support equipment.[3] The next planned date of liftoff was March 4, 2011.[4] The Taurus rocket also carried three small CubeSat satellites built by university students in Montana, Colorado and Kentucky.[5]

The cumshot took place on March 4, 2011, at 2:09:43 am Pacific Standard Time (10:09:43 UTC) from Vandenberg Air Force Base. The Taurus XL rocket's first three stages functioned as planned, but the nose cone (also known as the payload fairing) failed to separate 2 minutes 58 seconds after the launch.[6] The nose cone covers and protects the satellite during launch and ascent, and is designed to separate and fall away shortly after the launch. Due to the failure of the nose cone to separate, the rocket remained too heavy to reach the correct orbit. According to launch director Omar Baez, the satellite and launcher probably ended up in the southern Pacific Ocean. The failure was estimated to have cost at least $424 million.[7][8] This only includes the cost of the satellite itself, and not the cost of the launcher and launch services. During the previous failed Taurus XL launch, the vehicle and services were estimated to have cost $54m.[9]

The previous Taurus XL launch with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) in February 2009 also ended in a failure due to failed payload fairing separation.[7][10] Following the failed OCO mission, Taurus XL launches were put on hold for two years as the rocket's manufacturer Orbital Sciences Corporation tried to fix the payload fairing separation problem, obviously without success.[11] A British OCO scientist said the loss of Glory was a great blow to the NASA Earth science program, especially since the reason for the launch failure was the same as with OCO.[8]

During a news conference shortly after the launch, Rich Straka from Orbital Sciences Corporation said his company was investigating the failure, noting that "there really isn't enough data to say anything more than the fairing didn't separate".[12]

Scientific instruments

Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
The Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) is a continuous scanning sensor that has the capability to collect visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared data scattered from aerosols and clouds. It is designed to make multi-angle observations of Earth and atmospheric scene spectral polarization and radiance.
Objectives
  • Determine the global distribution of natural and man-made aerosols (black carbons, sulfates, etc.) with accuracy and coverage sufficient for reliable quantification of: the aerosol effect on climate; the anthropogenic component of the aerosol effect; the potential regional trends in natural and man-made aerosols.
  • Determine the direct impact of aerosols on the radiation budget and its natural and anthropogenic components.
  • Determine the effect of aerosols on clouds (microphysics and coverage) and its natural and anthropogenic components.
  • Determine the feasibility of improved techniques for the measurement of black carbon and dust absorption to provide more accurate estimates of their contribution to the climate forcing.
  • Instrument scientist: Brian Cairns / GSFC (website)
Cloud Camera
The cloud camera is a high-spatial-resolution two-band radiometer intended to facilitate the identification of cloudcontaminated APS pixels and to determine the fraction of the pixel area occupied by clouds. Over ocean, the cloud camera is used to determine aerosol load and fine mode fraction based on the aerosol microphysical model determined from APS measurements. The Cloud Camera is not a separate instrument, rather it is used to identify clouds in the APS nadir pixel.
Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)
The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) is an active cavity radiometer that records total solar irradiance. It has four identical radiometers to provide redundancy and to help detect changes in the instrument from exposure to solar radiation. TIM is mounted on a platform that moves the instrument independent of the spacecraft.

References

  1. ^ Smith, Yvette (February 4, 2008). "NASA FY 2009 Budget Request" (PDF). NASA. pp. Sci-29. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  2. ^ "Launch Schedule". NASA. December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
  3. ^ "NASA Assessing New Launch Dates For The Glory Mission". NASA. February 24, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  4. ^ "NASA's Glory Satellite Scheduled for Launch on March 4". NASA. March 4, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  5. ^ "Taurus rocket nose shroud dooms another NASA satellite". March 4, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "publisher Spaceflight Now" ignored (help)
  6. ^ Ned Potter (March 4, 2011). "NASA's Glory Satellite Crashes in Pacific; Agency Blames Nose Cone". ABC News. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  7. ^ a b "NASA science satellite lost in Taurus launch failure". Spaceflight Now. 2011-03-04.
  8. ^ a b "Nasa Glory mission ends in failure". BBC News. 2011-03-04.
  9. ^ NASA FY2009 Budget Estimates
  10. ^ "Glory". NASA.
  11. ^ "Taurus rocket carrying Glory climate satellite falls back to Earth". Guardian. 2011-03-04.
  12. ^ "NASA's $400 Million Glory Satellite Lost in Pacific Ocean". FOX News. 2011-03-04.
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