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Gian Maria Volonté

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Gian Maria Volonté
Volonté in Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970)
Born(1933-04-09)9 April 1933
Milan, Kingdom of Italy
Died6 December 1994(1994-12-06) (aged 61)
Florina, Greece
Other namesJohn Wells
Johnny Wels
OccupationActor
Years active1957–1994
Partner(s)Carla Gravina
Armenia Balducci
Angelica Ippolito (1977–his death)
ChildrenGiovanna Gravina
Mauriel Morejon
RelativesClaudio Camaso (brother)
Websitewww.gianmariavolonte.it

Gian Maria Volonté (9 April 1933 – 6 December 1994) was an Italian actor and activist. He is best known for his roles in four Spaghetti Western films: Ramón Rojo in Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars (1964), El Indio in Leone's For a Few Dollars More (1965), El Chuncho Munoz in Damiano Damiani's A Bullet for the General (1966) and Professor Brad Fletcher in Sergio Sollima's Face to Face (1967).

He had notable roles in high-profile social dramas depicting the political and social stirrings of Italian and European society in the 1960s and 1970s, including four films directed by Elio Petri – We Still Kill the Old Way (1967), Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970), The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1971), and Todo modo (1976). He is also recognized for his performances in Jean-Pierre Melville's Le Cercle Rouge (1970), Giuliano Montaldo's Sacco & Vanzetti (1971) and Giordano Bruno (1973), and Francesco Rosi's Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979).[1]

Among other accolades, Volonté won two David di Donatello Awards and three Nastro d'Argento Awards. He won the Best Actor Award at the 36th Cannes Film Festival for The Death of Mario Ricci (1983), and the Silver Bear at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival for The Moro Affair (1986). Director Francisco Rosi said that he "stole the soul of his characters".[2]

Early life

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Volonté was born in Milan,[3] but grew up in Turin.[4] His father Mario was a fascist officer from Saronno (province of Varese), who in 1944 was in command of the Brigata Nera of Chivasso, near Turin.[3] His mother, Carolina Bianchi, belonged to a wealthy Milanese industrial family, and his younger brother Claudio was an actor as well.[3] He went to Rome to train for an acting career at the Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico, obtaining a degree in 1957.[3][5]

Career

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Volonté made his debut in 1960 in Sotto dieci bandiere, directed by Duilio Coletti.[4] Just four years later, he played "Ramón Rojo" in A Fistful of Dollars (1964),[4] and "El Indio" in For a Few Dollars More (1965),[4] both for cash reasons as he considered the two films to be generic exploitation entertainment and was more interested in projects with a political message.[6] Both films were directed by the then-unknown Sergio Leone, and Volonté's roles in them would bring him his greatest recognition from American audiences.[4] He played Carlo Levi in Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979),[1] which was based on Levi's autobiographical account of his years in internal exile in Aliano, Southern Italy, in the 1930s. Volonté played the memorable role of the Bandito-turned-guerrilla, El Chuncho, in A Bullet for the General (1966).[1]

Volonté's performances as memorable but neurotic characters, or as a gifted leader of brigands or revolutionaries, together with the unexpected, worldwide success of the films, gave him international fame. Volonté had already played comedies, including A cavallo della tigre (1961) by Luigi Comencini,[1] and confirmed his versatility in L'armata Brancaleone (1966).[1] However, he found his main dimension in dramatic roles for Banditi a Milano (1968),[1] by Carlo Lizzani, Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina (1972) by Marco Bellocchio,[1] La Classe operaia va in paradiso (1972) by his friend Elio Petri, and Il sospetto (1975) by Francesco Maselli.[1]

Homage to Gian Maria Volonté (seen in his role as Carlo Levi in Christ Stopped at Eboli) by Reginald Gray

In 1968, Volonté won a Silver Ribbon as best actor for A ciascuno il suo, also directed by Elio Petri. Volonté received the same award for two other performances: Petri's Indagine su un cittadino al di sopra di ogni sospetto (1971, winner of an Academy Award as best foreign film), considered by many to be his finest; and in The Abyss (1989).[1]

In 1983 he won the award for Best Actor at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival for La Mort de Mario Ricci. Four years later, at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor for Il caso Moro.[7] In 1988 Volonté starred in the Cannes Film Festival Official Selection, The Abyss, as a physician-alchemist. The film was directed by André Delvaux from Marguerite Yourcenar's famous novel of the same name.[8] In 1990, Volonté was named Best European Actor for Porte aperte. In 1991, at the 48th Venice International Film Festival, he won the Golden Lion for career achievement.[4]

Personal life

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Volonté was a strong political activist and known for his pro-communist leanings.[9] In 1981, he helped Oreste Scalzone to flee from capture in Italy to Denmark.[10] He was the partner of Italian actress and Italian Communist Party deputy Carla Gravina for almost 10 years after they met when they played Romeo and Juliet in a theatre production in 1960. The two had a daughter Giovanna, born in the early 1960s. Actress Angelica Ippolito was his companion from 1977 until his death in 1994.[10]

Death

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Volonté died from a heart attack[11] at the age of 61 in 1994 at Florina, Greece, during the filming of Ulysses' Gaze. Volonté's grave is in a small cemetery on the Sardinian island of La Maddalena, according to his wishes.[11]

Selected filmography

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Gian Maria Volonté Credits". tvguide.com. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  2. ^ Lancia, Enrico; Poppi, Roberto (2003). Dizionario del cinema italiano. Gli artisti. Gli attori dal 1930 ai giorni nostri. M - Z. Vol. 3. Gremese Editore. p. 283. ISBN 9788884402691.
  3. ^ a b c d "Gian Maria Volonté anniversary, 20 years after the death of the actor a memory with his 10 best performances". huffingtonpost.it. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Italian cinema: Gian Maria Volonté's 90th anniversary". wetheitalians.com. 20 May 2023.
  5. ^ "Accademia Nazionale d'Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico". accademiasilviodamico.it. 2018.
  6. ^ Farino, Ernest (August 2020). "A Fistful of Pasta: The Italian Westerns of Sergio Leone". RetroFan (10). United States: TwoMorrows Publishing: 63.
  7. ^ "Berlinale: 1987 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  8. ^ Schwartz, Dennis (5 August 2019). "It's a solid film, but I expect more from the great Delvaux". Dennis Schwartz Movie Reviews. Dennis Scwartz Movie Reviews. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  9. ^ "Gian Maria Volonte (1933–94)". Historical Materialism. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Scalzone: 'Mi Fece Scappare Dall' Italia'". La Repubblica. 7 December 1994. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  11. ^ a b Tagliabue, John (7 December 1994). "Gian Maria Volonte Dies at 61; A Prize-Winning Italian Actor". The New York Times.
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