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George Frampton

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For the American government official, see George T. Frampton.

Sir
George James Frampton
RA
Portrait of Frampton by W. H. Latham
Born18 June 1860
London, England
Died21 May 1928(1928-05-21) (aged 67)
NationalityBritish
Alma mater
  • South London Technical School of Art
  • Royal Academy Schools
Known forSculpture
MovementNew Sculpture
SpouseChristabel Cockerell (m. 1893)

Sir George James Frampton, RA (18 June 1860 – 21 May 1928) was a British sculptor. He was a leading member of the New Sculpture movement in his early career when he created sculptures with elements of Art Nouveau and Symbolism, often combining various materials such as marble and bronze in a single piece.[1] While his later works were more traditional in style, Frampton had a prolific career in which he created many notable public monuments, including several statues of Queen Victoria and later, after World War I, a number of war memorials.[1] These included the Edith Cavell Memorial in London, which, along with the Peter Pan statue in Kensington Gardens are possibly Frampton's best known works.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Early life

[edit]

Frampton was born on 18 June 1860 in London, where his father was a woodcarver and stonemason.[2] George Frampton began his own working life as a stone carver in 1878, working on the Hôtel de Ville in Paris.[2] Frampton returned to London to study under William Silver Frith at the South London Technical School of Art during 1880 and 1881.[3] He went on to the Royal Academy Schools where, between 1881 and 1887, he won a gold medal and travelling scholarship.[3] While still studying at the Royal Academy, Frampton undertook a number of sculpture commissions including, in 1885, pieces for the facade of both the Constitutional Club in Northumberland Avenue and for the Chelsea Conservative Club.[2] He also created an altarpiece for Manchester Cathedral, some decorative pieces for the Henry Fawcett Memorial in London and a pair of terracotta figures representing Concord and Industry which were exhibited in Paris and purchased for the Municipal Building in Christchurch, New Zealand.[4] From 1887 to 1890, he studied and worked at the studio of Antonin Mercie in Paris, where he also studied painting under Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret and Gustave Courtois.[2][5]

Early works

[edit]
Lamia (1899–1900)

Frampton returned to England and, briefly, worked in the studio of Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm.[2] He then took up a teaching post at the Slade School of Art in 1893 and was also, for a year, the joint head of the Central School of Arts and Crafts.[4][6]

In 1893, Frampton married the artist Christabel Cockerell and the couple set up home together at St John's Wood in London. Together they designed a decorative frieze for the interior of the house and Frampton began to design household fittings, jewellery in enamel and precious metals and also medals, most notably for Glasgow University and Winchester College.[4] By this time, Frampton was, according to the critic M.H. Spielmann "in open rebellion against white sculpture". In 1893, he showed Mysteriarch, a polychromatic plaster bust with Symbolism motifs at the Royal Academy and, two years later he showed another polychromatic work, Mother and Child at the same venue. Mother and Child has bronze figures, of Frampton's wife and son, set against a copper plaque, and a white enamel disc behind the mother's head.[4][7]

In his statue of Dame Alice Owen (1897) Frampton combined bronze, alabaster, gilding and marble, and, later, with the bust Lamia (1899-1900) he contrasted an ivory head and neck with bronze clothing inlaid with opals.[2][8][9] The statue of Dame Alice Owen was originally shown at the Royal Academy as a free-standing statue but when it was installed in the entry hall of Owen's School Frampton made it the centre of a larger installation that he designed. In panels and niches around the statue, which he placed on a pink marble pedestal, Frampton included 16th-century carvings of Owen's ancestors and fragments of her 17th-century tomb.[10]

In 1896, Frampton exhibited, with the architect Charles Harrison Townsend, a large fireplace in American walnut at the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society. The fireplace was decorated with an innovative tree and foliage design by Frampton that was subsequently much imitated by Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts designers and became known as the "Frampton tree". Frampton used a similar design in his 1897 memorial to Charles Mitchell for St George's Church in Jesmond in Newcastle upon Tyne.[4]

Recognition

[edit]
St Mungo as the Patron of Art and Music, Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum

Frampton's body of work in the 1880s brought him considerable recognition. The University of St Andrews awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1894. In 1897, examples of Frampton's work featured at the Venice Biennale and at the Vienna Secession the following year.[2][10] He regularly exhibited at the La Libre Esthétique in Brussels, a city he considered an important market for his work.[10] For the four pieces he showed at the Paris International Exhibition in 1900, Frampton was awarded the Grand Prix.[4][10] Those works included My Thoughts Are My Children, 1894, a large polychromic relief in bronze in a wooden frame depicting a woman holding a lily surrounded by drapery under a second female figure holding an infant and two children in front of a symbol of a rising sun. The work appears to have had a special significance to Frampton as he frequently chose it to represent his work at other major international exhibitions and kept the piece in his possession throughout his life. The work passed to his son, Meredith Frampton, who eventually donated it to the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.[10]

Recognition also brought Frampton two significant public commissions at this time. The architect John William Simpson appointed Frampton as master sculptor for the decoration of the facade of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow.[4] As well as overseeing the work of several other sculptors, Frampton created a bronze sculpture group and three sets of stone spandrels for the north porch of the new building.[11] The sculpture group, of St Mungo attended by the muses of Art and Music, in the central arch of the porch contains Symbolism style motifs featuring trees, bells and fishes similar to those Frampron had used in some of his earlier smaller pieces.[4] Frampton's other commission was for a frieze on the facade of the Lloyd's Register building in Fenchurch Street in London. There, Frampton created, at first floor level, a frieze in Portland stone of female figures representing Trade, Commerce and Shipping with four bronze statuettes at key points.[4][12] Both commissions, but especially the Fenchurch Street frieze, were widely praised at the time.[4]

Later career

[edit]

In April 1897, a public meeting in Calcutta (now Kolkata) agreed to raise funds to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria and, eventually, commissioned Frampton to create a statue of the monarch.[10][13] Photographs of Frampton's model for the statue were published in the July 1898 edition of The Studio. The accompanying text described a figure over twice life-size, seated under a canopy, wearing the robe of the Order of the Star of India, decorated in gold, ivory and lapis lazuli. A polychrome plaster version was displayed at the Glasgow Exhibition of 1901 and was greatly praised for its depiction of the elderly queen.[10] The completed statue was shipped to India early in 1901 and erected on a temporary site in March 1902.[4] Although the statue sent to India was considerably less ornate and lacked the canopy of the original proposal, Frampton's completed work included two putti in a New Sculpture style above the back of the throne plus two miniature infantrymen on the pedestal and a small figure of St George held by the Queen.[4][14] The statue was subsequently moved to a location in front of the Victoria Memorial, where it was sited on a large architectural podium.[4] Lord Curzon, the driving force behind the Memorial project, came to dislike Frampton's depiction of an elderly and vulnerable Victoria and commissioned Thomas Brock to create a second statue, in marble, of a younger Queen to be placed in the central hall of the completed building.[10]

The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 led to Frampton receiving several commissions for memorials to the Queen. Frampton based several of these on his design of a seated figure he used for the Kolkata statue but with some variations. He used the same cast for the statues in Leeds and St Helens but changed the style of the decorative details and pedestals between them.[15][16] A further version was created for the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnipeg in 1904.[17] A different design of a much younger, standing Victoria was created for the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1906 and was unveiled by her son King Edward VII in the same year.[18]

Peter Pan statue in Kensington Gardens, London

Among Frampton's other notable public sculptures are the figures of Peter Pan playing a set of pipes, the lions at the British Museum and the Edith Cavell Memorial that stands outside the National Portrait Gallery, London.[5]

Frampton's original statue of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, London, was commissioned by J.M. Barrie in 1912. Barrie was said to be disappointed at Frampton's depiction of Peter Pan, in particular at his choice of model for the figure of the boy.[19] However such was the popularity of the statue, six more casts were made which are now situated in:

By March 1905, Aston Webb, the architect of the Cromwell Road extension to the Victoria and Albert Museum had commissioned over twenty sculptors to provide statues, carvings and decorations for the facade of the building. Webb allocated what he considered the two most important areas to Frampton and Alfred Drury.[4] The area over the main entrance arch was allocated to Frampton who created spandrel figures of Truth and Beauty for the space while the remainder of the main entrance was assigned to Drury.[20]

A number of Frampton's works can be seen at the restored St James' Church, Warter in East Yorkshire. Frampton created Dr Barnardo's Memorial, in Barkingside, London, in 1908, a work he undertook without claiming a fee.[21]

During World War I Frampton used his position in various art societies and institutions to expel any German members he considered potential "enemy aliens". When the Art Workers Guild refused to expel Karl Krall, a British citizen born in Germany, Frampton resigned from the Guild.[19] In 1915, Frampton was commissioned to create a public memorial to Edith Cavell. Having waived his fee for the work, Frampton's modernist style monument in marble and granite was unveiled to huge crowds near Trafalgar Square in central London during 1920.[22] The severe, modern appearance of the memorial is distinct from Frampton's earlier, more heroic style of Boer War memorials and was criticised as such.[23] Several contemporary sculptors also criticised the design and the engineering of the monument.[22]

Sir George James Frampton in 1915

Frampton subsequently worked with Sir Edwin Lutyens on two of the architect's war memorials in the aftermath of the First World War, the Hove War Memorial in East Sussex and the Fordham War Memorial in Cambridgeshire, unveiled in February and August 1921 respectively. Both feature a bronze statue of Saint George, sculpted by Frampton atop a column designed by Lutyens.[24]

Personal life

[edit]

Frampton's first house and studio was at 32 Queen's Grove (where a blue plaque to his name has been erected), but he later built a larger house nearby in Carlton Hill,[25] both in St John's Wood, London. He was married to the artist Christabel Cockerell and had one son, the painter and etcher Meredith Frampton.[5]

Frampton, like several of his contemporaries, referred to himself as an "art worker" rather than an artist or sculptor and championed the equality of artistic work with craft or decorative practices.[10] He was an active member of The Art Workers' Guild and became Master in 1902.[26] He sculpted the Art Workers' Guild's Master's Jewel in silver representing 'Art is Unity'. Frampton became a royal academician in 1902 and was knighted in 1908.[27]

Death

[edit]

Frampton died on 21 May 1928 aged 67 and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 25 May. His ashes lie in a niche on the ground floor of the east wing of the Ernest George Columbarium. A memorial sculpted by Ernest Gillick in 1930 depicting a bronze child holding a miniature copy of Frampton's statue of Peter Pan is located in the Crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral.[19]

Public monuments

[edit]

1887–1899

[edit]
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Industry & Concord Our City, Christchurch, New Zealand 1887 Two statues Terracotta Both statues were damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake[4][28]
Altarpiece Church of St Clare, Liverpool 1890 Triptych with paintings & reliefs Grade I With Robert Anning Bell[29][30]
James Russell Lowell Westminster Abbey, London 1893 Wall plaque Marble [31]

More images 		Mother and Child Victoria and Albert Museum, London 1895 Sculpture group Silvered bronze 102cm high The work was originally exhibited in front of a copper plaque containing a white disc.[32][33]

More images 		Arthurian door Two Temple Place, London 1896 Nine low-relief door panels Silver-gilt [4]
Cigarette box Victoria and Albert Museum 1897 Bowl on stem with circular foot Silver and enamel 23cm x 15.5cm Made by Alexander Fisher[34]

More images 		William Rathbone VI St John's Gardens, Liverpool 1899 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26333151 [35][36][37]


1900–1904

[edit]
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		St. Mungo as the Patron of Art and Music Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow 1901 Sculpture group Bronze [4][38]
William Howitt & Mary Howitt Nottingham Castle 1901 Bas relief on plinth Bronze and granite [35][39]
Presentation casket Victoria and Albert Museum 1901 Casket Silver and ivory Presentation piece to Field Marshall Earl Roberts from the Merchant Taylors Company[40]
Saint Elizabeth Victoria and Albert Museum 1902 Bust Wax 47cm high [41]

More images 		Queen Victoria Grounds of the Victoria Memorial, Kolkata 1902 Seated statue on pedestal and steps Bronze and stone Q92360272 [4][10][14][42]

More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Victoria Square, St Helens, Merseyside 1902 Seated statue on pedestal Bronze on sandstone and granite 6.4m Grade II* Q15979535 [35][43]

More images 		Walter Besant Savoy Place, Victoria Embankment, London 1902, erected 1904 Plaque Bronze Q27096149 A cast of an identical monument in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, unveiled in 1901.[35][44][45]

More images 		Memorial to Queen Victoria Woodhouse Moor, Leeds 1903, unveiled 1905 Seated statue, frieze and figures on column Bronze and Portland stone Grade II* Q15979175 [35][46][47]

More images 		Arthur Forwood St John's Gardens, Liverpool 1903 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26643650 [35][48]

More images 		Queen Victoria Southport, Merseyside 1903 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26659949 [35][49]

More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Manitoba Legislative Building, Canada 1904 Seated statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Q16903553
Boer War memorial The Chapel, Radley College, Oxfordshire 1904 Statue, St George & the Dragon, on sarcophagus Bronze and alabaster Architect: Sir Thomas Graham Jackson[50]


1905–1909

[edit]
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Lancashire Fusiliers Boer War memorial Oldfield Road, Salford 1905 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone 6m high Grade II Q26665909 [51][52]

More images 		Lancashire Fusiliers Boer War memorial Whitehead Gardens, Bury, Greater Manchester 1905 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone 6m high Grade II Q66478197 [23][53][54]
Truth Main entrance, Victoria & Albert Museum, London 1905–1907 Sculpture group in spandrel Stone [20]
Beauty Main entrance, Victoria & Albert Museum, London 1905–1907 Sculpture group in spandrel Stone [20]
Statue of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Old Hatfield, Hertfordshire 1906 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26631553 [35][55]

More images 		Quintin and Alice Hogg Memorial Portland Place, London 1906 Statue group on pedestal Bronze and limestone Grade II Q18595368 [35][56][57][58][59]

More images 		Queen Victoria Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne 1906 Statue on pedestal Marble Grade II* Q17552314 [60][18][61]

More images 		Sir Edward James Reed City Hall, Cardiff After 1906 Plaque Bronze

More images 		Canon Thomas Major Lester St John's Gardens, Liverpool 1907 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q26504975 [35][62]
Memorial to William McLaren St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh 1907 Relief sculpture Stone [63]

More images 		Memorial to Dr Barnardo Barkingside, London 1908 Statue on pedestal with plaque Bronze and stone 4.8m high Grade II* Q17553256 [21]

More images 		Lions Exterior of King Edward VII Galleries, British Museum, London 1909 Sculpture Stone Grade I [64]
General Sir William Lockhart St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh 1909 Relief tablet in frame Marble and bronze [65]


1910–1919

[edit]
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Statue of Peter Pan Kensington Gardens, London 1912 Sculpture group Bronze 4.3m high Grade II* Q17549621 [35][19][59][66]

More images 		William Thomas Stead Temple Pier, Victoria Embankment, London 1913, unveiled 1920 Plaque Bronze Grade II Q26319157 A replica was unveiled in Central Park, New York, in 1921.[67]

More images 		Alfred Lewis Jones Pier Head, Liverpool 1913 Statue on pedestal with figures Bronze and stone Grade II Q26320985 [68]
William Whiteley Whiteley Village, Surrey 1914 Statue on pedestal with plaques Copper and stone 6m high Grade II Q26281430 [69]

More images 		W. S. Gilbert Embankment Pier, London 1914, unveiled 1915 Plaque on block Bronze and granite Grade II Q27081628 [35][70][71]
Samuel Barnett & Henrietta Barnett Westminster Abbey, London 1916 Plaque Green & white marble [72]

More images 		Edith Cavell National Portrait Gallery, London 1916 Bust Plaster 900 x 600mm [73]

More images 		Pearl Assurance War Memorial Pearl Assurance offices, Peterborough 1919 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II* Q62132803 Erected in London in 1921, relocated to Peterborough in 1991[23][74][75][76]

More images 		War memorial Knowlton, Kent 1919 Lantern cross with figures Stone Q94131948 [77][78]


1920 and later

[edit]
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Memorial to Edith Cavell St Martin's Place, Charing Cross, London 1920 Statue with pillar and cross Carrara marble and granite 12m high Grade I Q18159833 [35][59][23][79][80][22]

More images 		Phoenix Insurance war memorial National Memorial Arboretum c. 1920 Plaque on surround Bronze and stone Q116761425 Relocated from Ledsham, Cheshire, rededicated 1999.[81]

More images 		War memorial Wittersham, Kent 1921 Orb on octagonal column Portland and Wealden stone 5m tall Grade II Q26676940 [23][82][83]

More images 		Statue of Saint George Hove War Memorial, Hove, East Sussex 1921 Statue on pillar Stone Grade II Q26482745 Memorial designed by Sir Edward Lutyens[24][84]

More images 		Statue of Saint George Fordham War Memorial, Fordham, Cambridgeshire 1921 Statue on pillar Stone Grade II Q26616619 Memorial designed by Sir Edward Lutyens, statue stolen 1992.[85][86]

More images 		War memorial Tonbridge Road, Maidstone 1922 Statue on pedestal Bronze and limestone Grade II Q26675478 [23][87][88]

More images 		War memorial King Edward VII Memorial Park, Cleckheaton 1922 Sculpture group on pedestal with surround Portland stone Grade II Q26428794 [89][90]

More images 		War memorial Town Hall Green, Portrush, County Antrim 1922 Statue on pedestal with plaques Bronze and granite Sculptor: Frank Ransom[91]

More images 		War memorial Mennock, Dumfries and Galloway 1922 Obelisk with plaque Granite, bronze and alabaster [92]
John Pilkington Norris Bristol Cathedral Plaque Bronze


Other works, United Kingdom

[edit]
Queen Mary, Guildhall Art Gallery, London

Other works, India

[edit]

References

[edit]
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