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Sulpicia gens

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"Sulpicius" redirects here. For the saints, see Saint-Sulpice. For other uses, see Sulpicio.

The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine years after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and the last of the name who appears on the consular list was Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus in AD 158. Although originally patrician, the family also possessed plebeian members, some of whom may have been descended from freedmen of the gens.[1]

Praenomina

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The Sulpicii made regular use of only four praenomina: Publius, Servius, Quintus, and Gaius. The only other praenomen appearing under the Republic is Marcus, known from the father of Gaius Sulpicius Peticus, five times consul during the fourth century BC. The last of the Sulpicii known to have held the consulship, in the second century AD, was named Sextus, a praenomen otherwise unknown in this gens.[1]

Branches and cognomina

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During the Republic, several branches of the Sulpician gens were identified by numerous cognomina, including Camerinus, Cornutus, Galba, Gallus, Longus, Paterculus, Peticus, Praetextatus, Quirinus, Rufus, and Saverrio. In addition to these cognomina, we meet with some other surnames belonging to freedmen and to other persons under the Empire. On coins we find the surnames Galba, Platorinus, Proclus, and Rufus.[1]

Camerinus was the name of an old patrician family of the Sulpicia gens, which probably derived its name from the ancient town of Cameria or Camerium, in Latium. Many of them bore the agnomen Cornutus, from a Latin adjective meaning "horned". The Camerini frequently held the highest offices in the state in the early times of the Republic; but after 345 BC, when Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus was consul, we do not hear of them again for upwards of three hundred years, till Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus obtained the consulship in AD 9. The family was reckoned one of the noblest in Rome in the early times of the Empire.[2]

The Praetextati appear in the second half of the fifth century BC. The family appears to have been a small one, descended from the Camerini. It probably derived its name from one of several related meanings. Praetextus commonly referred to clothing with a decorative border, and especially to the toga praetexta, a toga with a purple border worn by boys and magistrates. Something veiled or concealed could also be described as praetextatus.[3][4]

The Sulpicii Longi flourished during the fourth century BC, from the time of the Gallic sack of Rome in 390 to the period of the Samnite Wars. The cognomen Longus may have been bestowed upon the ancestor of this family because he was particularly tall.[5][6]

The surname Rufus, meaning "red", probably referred to the color of the hair of one of the Sulpicii, and may have begun as a cadet branch of the Camerini, as both cognomina were united in the consul of 345 BC.[7] Several Sulpicii bearing this surname appear towards the end of the Republic, but as some appear to have been patricians and others plebeians, they may have constituted two distinct families.[8][9]

The Sulpicii Galli were a family of the second and third centuries BC. Their cognomen may refer to a cock, or to a Gaul. The greatest of this family, Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, was a successful general and statesman, as well as an orator and scholar much admired by Cicero.[10]

The Sulpicii Galbae first came to prominence during the Second Punic War, and remained distinguished until the first century AD, when Servius Sulpicius Galba claimed the title of Emperor.[11] Suetonius gives four possible explanations of this surname: that the first of the family burnt a town he had besieged, using torches smeared with galbanum, a type of gum; or that, chronically ill, he made regular use of a type of remedy wrapped in wool, known as galbeum; or that galba was a Gallic word for someone very fat; or instead that he resembled a galba, a grub or caterpillar.[12] The surname may also share a common root with the adjective galbinus, a greenish-yellow color.[13]

Members

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This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Sulpicii Camerini

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Sulpicii Praetextati

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Sulpicii Petici

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  • Quintus Sulpicius Peticus, grandfather of the consul of 364 BC.[52]
  • Marcus Sulpicius Q. f. Peticus, father of the consul of 364 BC.[52]
  • Gaius Sulpicius M. f. Q. n. Peticus, censor in 366, consul in 364, 361, 355, 353, and 351 BC, and dictator in 358.[53][54]

Sulpicii Longi

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Sulpicii Saverriones

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Sulpicii Paterculi

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Sulpicii Galli

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  • Servius Sulpicius Gallus, grandfather of the consul of 243 BC.[74]
  • Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 243 BC.[74]
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Gallus, consul in 243 BC.[75][76][74]
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 166 BC.[77]
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, a great scholar; as consul in 166 BC, triumphed over the Ligures.[78][79][80][81][75][77]
  • Quintus Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, died at an early age, and his death was borne by his father with great fortitude.[82]
  • Galus Sulpicius, consul suffectus in 4 BC. Believed to be a descendant of the consul of 166 BC.
  • Galus Sulpicius, son of the above. triumvir monetalis in 5 BC.

Sulpicii Galbae

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Sulpicii Rufi

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Others

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  • Gaius Sulpicius, praetor in 211 BC, was assigned the province of Sicily.[156]
  • Sulpicia, the mother-in-law of Spurius Postumius Albinus, consul in 186 BC.[157]
  • Servius Sulpicius, mentioned by Quintus Horatius Flaccus as an author of love-poems.
  • Publius Sulpicius (P. f.) Quirinus, censor in 42 BC,[v] and consul suffectus in 36 BC.[75][158][159]
  • Publius Sulpicius P. f. P. n. Quirinius, also called Quirinius, consul in 12 BC, and later governor of Syria.[160][161][162][163][164][165]
  • Sulpicius Flavus, a companion of the emperor Claudius, whom he assisted in the composition of his historical works.[166]
  • Gaius Sulpicius Hyginus, a resident of Pompeii in Campania, and the former master of Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida.[167]
  • Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida, the freedman of Gaius Sulpicius Hyginus at Puteoli in Campania, was the husband of Harmonia, and probably the father of Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century. Gaius Sulpicius Onirus, also a banker at Pompeii, might be a younger son or grandson.[167]
  • Gaius Sulpicius (C. f.) Faustus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century, together with Gaius Sulpicius Onirus, probably either his younger brother or his son. He was probably the son of the freedman Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida. Gaius Sulpicius Cinnamus was his freedman, and acted as his agent.[167]
  • Gaius Sulpicius (C. f.) Onirus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century, together with Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, either his younger brother or perhaps his son. He was probably either the son or grandson of Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida.[168][167]
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. l. Cinnamus, the freedman of Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, a banker at Pompeii in the middle of the first century. He acted as agent for Faustus, while a Gaius Sulpicius Eutychus, also a freedman of this family, acted on behalf of Cinnamus.[169]
  • Gaius Sulpicius (C. l.) Eutychus, a freedman who acted as agent on behalf of the freedman Gaius Sulpicius Cinnamus, part of a banking family at Pompeii during the middle of the first century.[170]
  • Sulpicius Asper, a centurion, and one of the conspirators against Nero, discovered and put to death in AD 66.[171][172]
  • Sulpicius Florus, an infantryman granted Roman citizenship under the emperor Galba, who later participated in the emperor's overthrow.
  • Sulpicius Blitho, a source cited by the biographer Cornelius Nepos.
  • Sulpicia, a poet who lived during the latter part of the first century. Her love poetry, addressed to her husband, Calenus, were admired by Martial, Ausonius, and Sidonius Apollinaris. A satire upon the edict of Domitian banishing philosophers from Italy, found among the works of Ausonius, is generally attributed to her.[173][174][175][176][177]
  • Sulpicia Lepidina, the wife of Flavius Cerealis, prefect of a cohort at Vindolanda in Britannia, circa AD 103.
  • Servius Sulpicius Similis, governor of Egypt from AD 107 to 112, and Praetorian Prefect from 112 to 118.[178]
  • Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, and a friend and contemporary of Aulus Gellius during the later second century. He was probably the same Sulpicius Apollinaris who was a tutor of Pertinax.[179][180]
  • Sulpicius of Carthage, the author of two poems in the Latin Anthology, identified by some authorities with Sulpicius Apollinaris.[181][182]
  • Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus, consul in AD 158.[75]
  • Sulpicia Memmia, one of the three wives of Alexander Severus. Her father was a man of consular rank; her grandfather's name was Catulus.[183]
  • Sulpicia Dryantilla, daughter of Sulpicius Pollio and wife of Roman usurper Regalianus during the Crisis of the Third Century. Received the title of Augusta. Possibly killed with her husband in 260.
  • Sulpicius Lupercus Servastus, a Latin poet, of whom nothing is known except his elegy, De Cupiditate, and a Sapphic ode, De Vetustate.[184]
  • Sulpicius Severus, an ecclesiastical historian of the late 4th and early 5th centuries.

Christian figures

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See also

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Look up Sulpicius in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Footnotes

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  1. ^ In one passage, Livy refers to him as Publius.
  2. ^ Broughton gives Gaius Sulpicius Geminus.
  3. ^ His surname is attested only by Valerius Maximus, leading some scholars to question its authenticity, as this Sulpicius was a plebeian, and presumably unrelated to the jurist Servius Sulpicius Rufus, a patrician.[8][9]
  4. ^ Sometimes referred to as "Servius Sulpicius Lemonia Rufus, although "Lemonia" was his voting tribe, rather than his personal name.
  5. ^ Broughton gives Publius Sulpicius Rufus, and does not mention either in 36.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 945 ("Sulpicia Gens").
  2. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, p. 590 ("Camerinus").
  3. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 515, 516 ("Praetextatus").
  4. ^ Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "praetextatus".
  5. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 806 ("Sulpicius Longus").
  6. ^ Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "longus".
  7. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 945–947 ("Sulpicius Rufus").
  8. ^ a b Badian, "The Clever and the Wise", pp. 6–7 (and note 6).
  9. ^ a b Evans, "Review", pp. 765–766.
  10. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 228, 229 ("Sulpicius Gallus").
  11. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 203–207 ("Galba").
  12. ^ Suetonius, "The Life of Galba", 3.
  13. ^ Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "galbinus".
  14. ^ a b Broughton, vol. I, p. 10.
  15. ^ Livy, ii. 19.
  16. ^ Dionysius, v. 52, 55, 57, vi. 20.
  17. ^ Cicero, Brutus, 16.
  18. ^ Zonaras, vii. 13.
  19. ^ Dionysius, vii. 68, viii. 22.
  20. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 18.
  21. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 36.
  22. ^ Livy, iii. 10, 31, 33, 70.
  23. ^ Dionysius, x. 1, 52, 56.
  24. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xi. 84.
  25. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 36, 37, 45, 46, 51.
  26. ^ Livy, v. 8, 14.
  27. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 38, 82.
  28. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 83, 86.
  29. ^ Livy, v. 29, 32, vi. 5.
  30. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 99, 107.
  31. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 91–93, 99.
  32. ^ Livy, vi. 4, 18, 21.
  33. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 99, 102, 103, 108.
  34. ^ Livy, vi. 22, 27.
  35. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xv. 41.
  36. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 103–106.
  37. ^ Livy, vii. 28.
  38. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xvi. 66.
  39. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 131.
  40. ^ Suetonius, "The Life of Vespasian", 3.
  41. ^ Pliny the Elder, vii. 48.
  42. ^ Tacitus, Annales, xiii. 52.
  43. ^ a b Cassius Dio, lxiii. 18.
  44. ^ a b Pliny the Younger Epistulae, v. 3.
  45. ^ Livy, iv. 23.
  46. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xii. 53.
  47. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 61.
  48. ^ Livy, vi. 32-34, 36, 38.
  49. ^ Niebuhr, History of Rome, iii. pp. 2, 3.
  50. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 108, 110, 112.
  51. ^ Tacitus, Historiae, iv. 42.
  52. ^ a b Broughton, vol. I, p. 115.
  53. ^ Livy, vii. 2, 7, 9, 12–15, 17–19, 22.
  54. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 115, 116, 118, 124–126.
  55. ^ Livy, v. 36, 47, 48.
  56. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 110.
  57. ^ Macrobius, i. 16.
  58. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 90.
  59. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 138.
  60. ^ Livy, viii. 15, 37, ix. 24–27.
  61. ^ Diodorus Siculus, xvii. 17, xviii. 26, xix. 73.
  62. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 138, 149, 157, 159.
  63. ^ a b Broughton, vol. I, p. 167.
  64. ^ Livy, ix. 49, x. 9.
  65. ^ Dionysius, Exc. Legat., p. 2331 (ed. Reiske).
  66. ^ Niebuhr, History of Rome, vol. iii, pp. 258, 259.
  67. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 167, 172.
  68. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 192.
  69. ^ a b c Broughton, vol. I, p. 206.
  70. ^ Polybius, i. 24.
  71. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 944 ("Sulpicia").
  72. ^ Valerius Maximus, viii. 15. § 12.
  73. ^ Pliny the Elder, vii. 35.
  74. ^ a b c Broughton, vol. I, p. 217.
  75. ^ a b c d Fasti Capitolini.
  76. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Fragmenta Vaticana, p. 60 (ed. Dinsdorf).
  77. ^ a b Broughton, vol. I, p. 437.
  78. ^ Livy, xliii. 2, 13, 16, 17, xliv. 37, xiv. 27, 44, Epitome, 46.
  79. ^ Pliny the Elder, ii. 12.
  80. ^ Obsequens, 71.
  81. ^ Cicero, Brutus. 20, 23, De Republica i. 14, 15, De Senectute, 14, Laelius de Amicitia, 27, De Officiis, i. 6.
  82. ^ Cicero, De Oratore, i. 53, Brutus, 23, Laelius de Amicitia, 2, 6, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 6.
  83. ^ a b Broughton, vol. I, p. 272.
  84. ^ Livy, xxv. 41, xxvi. 1, 28, xxvii. 7, 10, 22, 31–33, xxviii. 5–7, xxix. 12, xxx. 24, xxxi. 4–8, 14, 22, 27, 33–40, xxxii. 28, xxxiii. 24, xxxiv. 59, xxxv. 13, 13, 16.
  85. ^ Polybius, viii. 3, ix. 6 ff, 42, x. 41, xvi. 24, xviii. 6, xxiii. 8.
  86. ^ Appian, Macedonica, 2 ff.
  87. ^ Eutropius, iii. 14.
  88. ^ Orosius, iv. 17.
  89. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 272, 280, 287, 292, 296, 300, 311, 323.
  90. ^ Livy, xxvii. 21, xxix. 11, xxx. 26, xxxii. 7.
  91. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 291, 314, 329.
  92. ^ Livy, xxx. 39, xxxii. 7.
  93. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 318, 329.
  94. ^ Livy, xxxviii. 35, 42, xxxiv. 5, 32.
  95. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 361, 368.
  96. ^ Livy, xlii. 28, 31.
  97. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 417.
  98. ^ Appian, Hispanica, 58, 59, 60.
  99. ^ Livy, xlv. 35, 36, Epitome, 49.
  100. ^ a b c d e Suetonius, "The Life of Galba", 3.
  101. ^ Orosius, iv. 20.
  102. ^ Valerius Maximus, viii. 1. § 2, 7 § 1.
  103. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Cato the Elder"
  104. ^ Cornelius Nepos, "The Life of Cato", 3.
  105. ^ Gellius, i. 12, 23, xiii. 24.
  106. ^ Cicero, De Oratore, i. 10, 13, 53, 60, ii. 2, 65, iii. 7, Brutus, 22–24, 33, 86, 97, Orator ad M. Brutum, 30, Epistulae ad Atticum, xii. 5, Pro Murena, 28, Tusculanae Quaestiones, i. 3, Academica Priora, ii. 16, De Republica, iii. 30, Rhetorica ad Herennium, iv. 5.
  107. ^ Fronto, Epistulae, p. 85 (ed. Rom.)
  108. ^ Meyer, Fragmenta, pp. 120 ff., 164 ff.
  109. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 455–457, 470.
  110. ^ Cicero, Brutus, 26, 33, 34, De Oratore, i. 56.
  111. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 522, 544.
  112. ^ Appian, Hispanica, 99.
  113. ^ Obsequens, 100.
  114. ^ Cicero, Pro Rabiro Perduellionis, 7.
  115. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 540, 544, 548
  116. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 21.
  117. ^ Appian BC 1.47
  118. ^ Cicero, In Verrem, i. 7, 10, Epistulae ad Atticum, i. 1, ix. 9, De Haruspicum Responsis, 6.
  119. ^ Quintus Tullius Cicero, De Petitione Consulatus, 2.
  120. ^ Asconius Pedianis, In Toga Candida, p. 82.
  121. ^ Appian, Bella Mithridatica, 43.
  122. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 134, 137, 152, 206, 255.
  123. ^ Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, vi. 18, x. 30, xi. 18, Philippicae, xiii. 16.
  124. ^ Caesar, De Bello Gallico, iii. 1, 6, viii. 50.
  125. ^ Cassius Dio, xxxvii. 48, xxxix. 5, 65.
  126. ^ Valerius Maximus, vi. 2. § 11.
  127. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 191, 222, 355.
  128. ^ a b Oliver, "C. Sulpicius Galba".
  129. ^ PW, Sulpicius, No. 62.
  130. ^ Tacitus, Annales, vi. 40.
  131. ^ Tacitus, Historiae, i. 1–42.
  132. ^ Cassius Dio, lxiv. 1–6.
  133. ^ Suetonius, "The Life of Galba".
  134. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Galba".
  135. ^ Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus, 6.
  136. ^ Eutropius, vii. 10.
  137. ^ Niebuhr, Lectures on the History of Rome, vol. ii, p. 226.
  138. ^ Cicero, Brutus, 55, 56, 63, 88, De Oratore, i. 7, iii. 3, Laelius de Amicitia, 1, De Haruspicum Responsis, 20.
  139. ^ Asconius Pedianus, Pro Scauro, p. 20 (ed. Orelli), Rhetorica ad Herennium, ii. 28.
  140. ^ Appian, Bellum Civile, i. 58, 60.
  141. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Sulla", 10.
  142. ^ Livy, Epitome, 77.
  143. ^ Velleius Paterculus, ii. 18.
  144. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 41, 42.
  145. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 240.
  146. ^ Cicero, Brutus, 40, 41, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 3, Philippicae, ix. 7, Pro Murena, 7, 8, 20.
  147. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Cato", 49.
  148. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 158, 240.
  149. ^ Valerius Maximus, vi. 7. § 3.
  150. ^ Appian, Bellum Civile, iv. 39.
  151. ^ Caesar, De Bello Gallico, iv. 22, De Bello Civili, i. 74, iii. 101.
  152. ^ Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, xiii. 77.
  153. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 273, 358, 359.
  154. ^ Cicero, Pro Murena, 26, 27, Epistulae ad Atticum, ix. 18, 19, x. 14, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 2, Philippicae, ix. 5.
  155. ^ Tacitus, Annales, xi. 35.
  156. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 273.
  157. ^ Livy, xxxix. 11-13.
  158. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 638 ("Publius Sulpicius Quirinus", no. 1).
  159. ^ Broughton, p. 358, 359.
  160. ^ Cassius Dio, liv. 28.
  161. ^ Tacitus, Annales, ii. 30, iii. 22, 48.
  162. ^ Suetonius, "The Life of Tiberius", 49.
  163. ^ Strabo, xii., p. 569.
  164. ^ Josephus, Antiquitates Judaïcae, xviii. 1. § 1.
  165. ^ Luke, ii. 1.
  166. ^ Suetonius, "The Life of Claudius", 4, 41.
  167. ^ a b c d AE 1999, 454.
  168. ^ AE 1982, 203.
  169. ^ AE 1973, 159, AE 1973, 161, AE 1982, 201, AE 1982, 202.
  170. ^ AE 1973, 161.
  171. ^ Tacitus Annales, xv. 49, 50, 68.
  172. ^ Cassius Dio, lxii. 24.
  173. ^ Martial, x. 35–38.
  174. ^ Ausonius, Cento Nuptialis.
  175. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, "Carmina IX", 260.
  176. ^ Anthologia Latina, iii. 251 (ed. Burmann), 198 (ed. Meyer).
  177. ^ Wernsdorf, Poëtae Latini Minores, vol. iii. pp. lx, 83.
  178. ^ G. Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto".
  179. ^ Gellius, ii. 16, iv. 17, xiii. 17, xv. 5.
  180. ^ Julius Capitolinus, "The Life of Pertinax", 1.
  181. ^ Anthologia Latina, Nos. 222, 223 (ed. Meyer).
  182. ^ Donatus, Vita Virgilii.
  183. ^ Aelius Lampridius, "The Life of Alexander Severus", c. 20.
  184. ^ Wernsdorf, Poëtae Latini Minores, iii. p. 235 ff, 408.

Bibliography

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