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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| company_name = General Electric Company
| company_name = General Electric Company
| slogan = Imagination at Work
| slogan = Broke as Fuck!
| company_logo = [[Image:General Electric logo.svg|150px]]
| company_logo = [[Image:General Electric logo.svg|150px]]
| company_type = [[Public company|Public]] ({{NYSE|GE}})<br />[[Dow Jones Industrial Average|Dow Jones Industrial Average Component]]
| company_type = [[Public company|Public]] ({{NYSE|GE}})<br />[[Dow Jones Industrial Average|Dow Jones Industrial Average Component]]

Revision as of 02:32, 16 October 2010

"GE" redirects here. For other uses of "GE", see Ge (disambiguation).

Template:Distinguish2

General Electric Company
Company typePublic (NYSE: GE)
Dow Jones Industrial Average Component
IndustryConglomerate
FoundedSchenectady, New York (1892)
FounderThomas Edison
Elihu Thomson
Edwin J. Houston
Charles A. Coffin
HeadquartersFairfield, Connecticut, U.S.[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
 Jeffrey R. Immelt (Chairman and CEO)
Keith Sherin (Vice Chairman and CFO)
Beth Comstock (SVP) and CMO)
ProductsAppliances
Aviation
Consumer Electronics
Electrical distribution
Energy
Finance
Healthcare
Lighting
Entertainment
Oil
Gas
Locomotives
Software
Water
RevenueIncrease US$157 Billion (FY 2009)[2]
Increase US$10.34 Billion (FY 2009)[2]
Increase US$10.7 Billion (FY 2009)[2]
Total assetsDecrease US$782 Billion (FY 2009)[3]
Total equityIncrease US$117 Billion (FY 2009)[3]
Number of employees
304,000 (2009)[4]
SubsidiariesGE Energy
GE Technology Infrastructure
GE Capital
NBC Universal
GE Home & Business Solutions
WebsiteGE.com
Street entrance to GE Headquarters in Fairfield, CT.

The General Electric Company, or GE (NYSE: GE), is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in the State of New York.[7] In 2010, Forbes ranked GE as the world's second largest company, based on a formula that compared the total sales, profits, assets, and market value of several multinational companies.[8] The company has 304,000 employees around the world.

History

Formation

By 1890, Thomas Edison had brought together several of his business interests under one corporation to form Edison General Electric. At about the same time, Thomson-Houston Company, under the leadership of Charles A. Coffin, gained access to a number of key patents through the acquisition of a number of competitors. Subsequently, General Electric was formed by the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric of Schenectady, New York and Thomson-Houston Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, and both plants remain in operation under the GE banner to this day.[9] The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant as headquarters for many years thereafter.

Public company

In 1896, General Electric was one of the original 12 companies listed on the newly formed Dow Jones Industrial Average and still remains after 128 years, the only one remaining on the Dow (though it has not continuously been in the DOW index).

23 Ton diesel electric locomotive made at the General Electric Corp. plant in Schenectady, N.Y.

In 1911 the National Electric Lamp Association (NELA) was absorbed into General Electric's existing lighting business. GE then established its lighting division headquarters at Nela Park in East Cleveland, Ohio. Nela Park is still the headquarters for GE's lighting business. In 1935, GE was one of the top 30 companies traded at the London Stock Exchange[10].

RCA

The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was founded by GE in 1919 to further international radio. GE used RCA as its retail arm for radio sales from 1919, when GE began production, until separation in 1930.[11] RCA would quickly grow into an industrial giant of its own.

Power generation

See also: GE Wind Energy

GE's long history of working with turbines in the power generation field gave them the engineering know-how to move into the new field of aircraft turbosuperchargers. Led by Sanford Moss, GE introduced the first superchargers during WWI, and continued to develop them during the Interwar period. They became indispensable in the years immediately prior to WWII, and GE was the world leader in exhaust-driven supercharging when the war started. This experience, in turn, made GE a natural selection to develop the Whittle W.1 jet engine that was demonstrated in the US in 1941. Although their early work with Whittle's designs was later handed to Allison Engine Company, GE Aviation emerged as one of the world's largest engine manufacturers second only to the well-founded, and older, British company; Rolls-Royce plc, which led the way in innovative, reliable and efficient, high-performance, heavy-duty, jet engine design and manufacture.

Computing

GE was one of the eight major computer companies through all of the 1960s — with IBM, the largest, called "Snow White" followed by the "Seven Dwarfs": Burroughs, NCR, Control Data Corporation, Honeywell, RCA, UNIVAC and GE. Within the industry, this group was also referred to as the "BUNCH", and IBM was referred to as "Big Blue", a name it retains today.

GE had an extensive line of general purpose and special purpose computers. Among them were the GE 200, GE 400, and GE 600 series general purpose computers, the GE 4010, GE 4020, and GE 4060 real time process control computers, and the Datanet 30 message switching computer. A Datanet 600 computer was designed, but never sold. It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside of the United States federal government. In 1970 GE sold its computer division to Honeywell.

Acquisitions

In 1986 GE reacquired RCA, primarily for the NBC television network (also parent of Telemundo Communications Group), The remainder was sold to various companies, including Bertelsmann (Bertelsmann acquired RCA Records) and Thomson SA which, ironically, traces its roots to Thomson-Houston, one of the original components of GE.

In 2002 Francisco Partners and Norwest Venture Partners acquired a division of GE called GE Information Systems (GEIS). The new company, named GXS, is based in Gaithersburg, MD. GXS is a leading provider of B2B e-Commerce solutions. GE maintains a minority ownership position in GXS. Also in 2002, GE bought wind turbine manufacturing assets of Enron Wind after the Enron scandals.[12]

In 2004 GE bought 80% of Universal Pictures from Vivendi. Vivendi bought 20% of NBC forming the company NBC Universal. GE then owned 80% of NBC Universal and Vivendi owned 20%.

In 2004 GE completed the spin-off of most of its mortgage and life insurance assets into an independent company, Genworth Financial, based in Richmond, Virginia.

Genpact formerly known as GE Capital International Services (GECIS) was established by GE in late 1997 as its captive India based BPO. GE sold 60% stake in Genpact to General Atlantic and Oak Hill Capital Partners in 2005 and hived off Genpact into an independent business. GE is still a major client to Genpact getting its services in customer service, finance, information technology and analytics.

In May 2008, GE announced it was exploring options for divesting the bulk of its Consumer and Industrial business.

For a complete list of acquisitions and divestitures, see General Electric timeline.

General Electric's Schenectady, New York facilities (including GE's original headquarters) are assigned the ZIP code 12345. (All Schenectady ZIP codes begin with 123, but no others begin with 1234.)

On December 3, 2009, it was announced that NBC Universal will become a joint venture between GE and cable TV operator Comcast. The cable giant will hold a controlling interest in the company, while GE retains a 49% stake and will buy out shares currently owned by Vivendi.[13]

Vivendi will sell its 20% stake in NBC Universal to GE for US$5.8 billion. Vivendi will sell 7.66% of NBC Universal to GE for US$2 billion if the GE/Comcast deal is not completed by September 2010 and then sell the remaining 12.34% stake of NBC Universal to GE for US$3.8 billion when the deal is completed or to the public via an IPO if the deal is not completed.[14][15]

On March 1, 2010, General Electric (GE) announced that the company is planning to sell its 20.85% stake in Turkey-based Garanti Bank.[16]

In August 2010, GE Healthcare signed a strategic partnership to bring cardiovascular Computed Tomography (CT) technology from start-up Arineta Ltd. of Israel to the hospital market.[17]

October 2010: General Electric co. has made acquisation of gas engines manufacture Dresser Inc. for a $ 3 billion deal and also bought a $ 1.6 billion portfolio of retail credit cards from Citigroup Inc. This is the first major deals since the start of the financial crisis.[18]

Corporate affairs

Classic GE neon sign

GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its New York main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Rockefeller Center, known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof. NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the Center since its construction in the 1930s.

The company describes itself as composed of a number of primary business units or "businesses." Each unit is itself a vast enterprise, many of which would, even as a standalone company, rank in the Fortune 500[citation needed]. The list of GE businesses varies over time as the result of acquisitions, divestitures and reorganizations. GE's tax return is the largest return filed in the United States; the 2005 return was approximately 24,000 pages when printed out, and 237 megabytes when submitted electronically.[19]

In 2005 GE launched its "Ecomagination" initiative in an attempt to position itself as a "green" company. GE is currently one of the biggest players in the wind power industry, and it is also developing new environment-friendly products such as hybrid locomotives, desalination and water reuse solutions, and photovoltaic cells. The company has set goals for its subsidiaries to lower their greenhouse gas emissions.[20]

On May 21, 2007, GE announced it would sell its GE Plastics division to petrochemicals manufacturer SABIC for net proceeds of $11.6 billion. The transaction took place on August 31, 2007, and the company name changed to SABIC Innovative Plastics, with Brian Gladden as CEO.[21]

CEO

Main article: Jeffrey Immelt

Jeffrey Immelt is the current chairman of the board and chief executive officer of GE. He was selected by GE's Board of Directors in 2000 to replace John Francis Welch Jr. (Jack Welch) following his retirement. Previously, Immelt had headed GE's Medical Systems division (now GE Healthcare) as its President and CEO. He has been with GE since 1982 and is on the board of two non-profit organizations.

His tenure as the Chairman and CEO started at a time of crisis — he took over the role on September 7, 2001[22] four days before the terrorist attacks on the United States, which killed two employees and cost GE's insurance business $600 million — as well as having a direct effect on the company's Aircraft Engines sector. Immelt has also been selected as one of President Obama's financial advisors concerning the economic rescue plan.

Brand

GE has the fourth most recognized brand in the world, worth almost $48 billion.[23] The value of the brand is enhanced by the ownership of the famous and very short GE.com domain name which was registered August 5, 1986, years before Internet became known to the public, a performance which places General Electric on Rank 3 of the VB.com Internet Hall of Fame [24].

CEO Jeffrey Immelt had a set of changes in the presentation of the brand commissioned in 2004, after he took the reins as chairman, to unify the diversified businesses of GE. The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE Logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira), and a new slogan, "imagination at work" replacing the longtime slogan "we bring good things to life", composed by David Lucas. The standard requires many headlines to be lowercased and adds visual "white space" to documents and advertising to promote an open and approachable company. The changes were designed by Wolff Olins and are used extensively on GE's marketing, literature and website.

Businesses

Main article: List of assets owned by General Electric

GE's divisions include GE Capital, GE Energy, GE Technology Infrastructure, NBC Universal and GE Home & Business Solutions

Through these businesses, GE participates in a wide variety of markets including the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity (e.g. nuclear, gas and solar), lighting, industrial automation, medical imaging equipment, motors, railway locomotives, aircraft jet engines, and aviation services. It co-owns NBC Universal with Comcast. Through GE Commercial Finance, GE Consumer Finance, GE Equipment Services, and GE Insurance it offers a range of financial services as well. It has a presence in over 100 countries.

GE gauges to control a railway locomotive[25]

GE has also General Imaging produces digital cameras with some decent feature at a reasonable price.[26] Even at 2010, General Imaging has released the cheapest Bridge Camera GE X5: 14MP, 15x optical zoom for only $139.00.[27]

Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.

It was announced on May 4, 2008 that GE would auction off its appliances business for an expected sale of $5–8 billion.[28] However, this plan fell through as a result of the recession.

Corporate recognition

In 2004, GE was named number one company for employers and employees on the Forbes 500 Global Player list.

Over the years, GE has received several awards honoring them for their accomplishments, values and reputation:

  • In Fortune Magazine's 2005 "Global Most Admired Companies" list, GE ranked first overall. (February 2005)
  • In Fortune Magazine's 2006 "America's Most Admired Companies" list, GE ranked first overall. (March 2006)[29]
  • GE was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index as one of the world's leaders in environmental, social and economic programs.
  • GE ranked ninth on Fortune Magazine's "50 Most Desirable MBA Employers" list. (April 2004)

Environmental record

GE has a history of some of its activities giving rise to large-scale air and water pollution. Based on year 2000 data,[30] researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 Tonnes) of toxic chemicals released into the air.[31] GE has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites.[32]

In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped (legally, at the time) from their plant in Waterford.[33] In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.[34]

From approximately 1947 to 1977, GE discharged as much as 1.3 million pounds of PCBs from its capacitor manufacturing plants at the Hudson Falls and Fort Edward facilities into the Hudson River.[35] GE fought a media and political battle to avoid cleaning up the river and countered that dredging the river would actually stir up PCBs.[36] In 2002, GE was ordered to clean up a 40-mile (64 km) stretch of the Hudson River it had contaminated.[37]

In 2003, acting on concerns that the plan proposed by GE did not "provide for adequate protection of public health and the environment," the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued a unilateral administrative order for the company to "address cleanup at the GE site" in Rome, Georgia, also contaminated with PCBs.[38]

Environmental initiatives

In May 2005 GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeffrey R. Immelt "to develop tomorrow’s solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology,”[39] prompting The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy."[40]

GE has said that it will invest $1.4bn in cleantech research and development in 2008 as part of its Ecomagination initiative. As of October 2008, the scheme had resulted in 70 green products being brought to market, ranging from halogen lamps to biogas engines. In 2007, GE raised the annual revenue target for its Ecomagination initiative from $20bn in 2010 to $25bn following positive market response to its new product lines.[41]In 2010, GE continued to raise the hype by adding $10 billion into Ecomagination over the next five years.[42]

GE Energy’s renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy technology. In August 2008 it acquired Kelman Ltd[43], a Northern Ireland company specializing in advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for transformers used in renewable energy generation, and announced an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland in May 2010[44]. In 2009, GE’s renewable energy initiatives, which include solar power, wind power and GE Jenbacher gas engines using renewable and non-renewable methane-based gases, employ more than 4,900 people globally and have created more than 10,000 supporting jobs.[45]

GE Energy and Orion New Zealand Limited (Orion) have announced implementation of the first phase of a GE network management system to help improve power reliability for customers. GE’s ENMAC Distribution Management System is the foundation of Orion’s initiative. The system of smart grid technologies will significantly improve the network company’s ability to manage big network emergencies and help it to restore power faster when outages occur.

Educational initiatives

GE Healthcare is collaborating with The Wayne State University School of Medicine and the Medical College of South Carolina to offer an integrated radiology curriculum during their respective MD Programs led by investigators of the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity study.[46] GE has donated over one million dollars of Logiq E Ultrasound equipment to these two institutions.[47]

Recently, GE has unveiled a 40W replacement Energy Smart LED bulb, which will be available later this year or early 2011. The company claims that the new LED bulb will provide a 77% energy savings and produce nearly the same light output as a 40W incandescent bulb, while lasting more than 25 times as long.[citation needed]

On August 4, 2009 the SEC fined General Electric $50 million for breaking accounting rules in two separate cases, misleading investors into believing GE would meet or beat earnings expectations.[48]

GE has faced criminal action regarding its defense related operations. GE was convicted in 1990 of defrauding the U.S. Department of Defense, and again in 1992 on charges of corrupt practices in the sale of jet engines to Israel.[49][50]

Media depiction

GE was the focus of a 1991 short subject Academy Award winning documentary, "Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons, and Our Environment"[51] that juxtaposed GE's rosy 'We Bring Good Things To Life' commercials with the true stories of workers and neighbors whose lives have been devastated by the company's involvement in building and testing nuclear bombs."[52]

GE's corporate culture and management practices are frequently lampooned in the NBC television series 30 Rock. In the first season episode "The Rural Juror", character Jack Donaghy opens a complex organization chart that depicts the ownership structure of General Electric's subsidiaries. The chart reveals that NBC is a subsidiary of Sheinhardt Wig Company, and NBC in turn owns subsidiaries not related to broadcasting or entertainment production.[53]

In fiction

In the early 1950s Kurt Vonnegut was a writer for General Electric. A number of his novels and stories (notably Cat's Cradle) refer to the fictional city of Ilium, which appears to be loosely based on Schenectady, New York. The Ilium Works is the setting for the short story, Deer in the Works.

The company was also spoofed in the children's book How the Grinch Stole Christmas! by Dr. Seuss. In the drawing that depicts the Grinch stealing the Whos' feast, the icebox has a label that reads "General Who-lectric".

The NBC sitcom 30 Rock is set at the NBC Studios in the GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Center (hence the title). All characters in the main cast are NBC (and therefore GE) employees, and one character, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) is portrayed as having risen through the ranks of GE management to become Vice President of NBC's East Coast operations through the company's microwave oven division.

In two 1950s science fiction films about missions to the moon, General Electric's name appears on the launch clocks: Destination Moon, and Rocketship X-M.

See also

References

  1. ^ "GE: Our Company". GE company website. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c General Electric Company (GE) annual SEC income statement filing via Wikinvest
  3. ^ a b General Electric Company (GE) annual SEC balance sheet filing via Wikinvest
  4. ^ "GE Fact Sheet". Retrieved 2010-05-17.
  5. ^ "Company Profile for General Electric Co (GE)". Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  6. ^ http://www.iana.com/assignments/ipv4-address-space/
  7. ^ "Company Search, EDGAR System, Securities and Exchange Commission". Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  8. ^ Forbes.com
  9. ^ "Thomas Edison & GE". GE company web site. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  10. ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/d35c4056-9527-11df-b2e1-00144feab49a.html
  11. ^ Mahon, Morgan E. A Flick of the Switch 1930–1950 (Antiques Electronics Supply, 1990), p.86.
  12. ^ Murphy, Dennis. GE completes Enron Wind acquisition; Launches GE Wind Energy Desert Sky Wind Farm, 10 May 2002. Retrieved: 1 May 2010.
  13. ^ Goldman, Davis; Pepitone, Julianne (December 3, 2009). "GE, Comcast announce joint NBC deal". CNNMoney.com. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  14. ^ "Vivendi to Sell its Stake in NBC Universal for US$5.8 Billion". Vivendi SA. December 3, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  15. ^ "Vivendi To Sell 20% Stake In NBCU To GE For $5.8 Bln". The Wall Street Journal. December 3, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2009. [dead link]
  16. ^ "General Electric to sell stake in Garanti Bank". 1 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  17. ^ "GE to get its heart tech from Israel". 1 August 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  18. ^ http://www.comcast.net/articles/news-finance/20101006/BUSINESS-US-GE/print/
  19. ^ "IRS e-file Moves Forward; Successfully Executes Electronic Filing of Nation's Largest Tax Return" (Press release). United States Department of the Treasury— Internal Revenue Service. 2006-05-31. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
  20. ^ "GE Launches Ecomagination to Develop Environmental Technologies; Company-Wide Focus on Addressing Pressing Challenges" (Press release). General Electric. 2005-05-09. Retrieved 2007-01-15.[dead link]
  21. ^ Deutsch, Claudia (May 22, 2007). "General Electric to Sell Plastics Division". The New York Times. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  22. ^ "Jeff Immelt, CEO". Company Biography. General Electric. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  23. ^ "100 Best Global Brands". Business Week. 2009. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  24. ^ http://www.vb.com/short.htm VB.com Internet Hall of Fame
  25. ^ "Welcome to Saskrailmuseum.org". Contact Us. September 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ http://www.tgdaily.com/consumer-electronics-features/35959-video-%E2%80%93-general-imaging%E2%80%99s-blink-detection-cameras
  27. ^ http://www.walmart.com/ip/GE-X5-BK/14245324
  28. ^ "GE confirms it's exiting appliance business". MSNBC. May 16, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  29. ^ "America's Most Admired Companies" (PDF). Fortune Magazine. March 6, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  30. ^ Political Economy Research Institute Toxic 100 Corporate Toxics Information Project Technical Notes retrieved 9 November 2007
  31. ^ Political Economy Research Institute
  32. ^ The Center for Public Integrity
  33. ^ The Region; G.E. Plant Accused Of Water Pollution", The New York Times, January 21, 1983
  34. ^ GE agrees to $250 Million Settlement to Clean Up PCBs in Housatonic River, Department of Justice news release, October 7, 1999
  35. ^ Hudson River PCBs
  36. ^ Historic Hudson River Cleanup to Begin After Years of Delay, But Will General Electric Finish the Job? Under the EPA's unusual agreement with General Electric, the company could escape full responsibility for cleaning up the toxic mess it made in the Hudson River
  37. ^ The New York Times 1 May 2007
  38. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency
  39. ^ "Ecomagination: Inside GE's Power Play"
  40. ^ "Talking Green, Acting Dirty." The New York Times 12 June 2005
  41. ^ GE cleantech sales to top $17bn this year
  42. ^ VentureBeat, Camille Ricketts. "GE Pumps 10B More Into Green Technology R&D." June 24, 2010.
  43. ^ GE Energy Acquires Kelman Limited
  44. ^ GE to create 104 jobs in Lisburn
  45. ^ GE illustrates broad spectrum of alternative energy projects
  46. ^ [1] A Pilot Study of Comprehensive Ultrasound Education at the Wayne State University School of Medicine
  47. ^ http://www.gehealthcare.com/usen/ultrasound/genimg/products/logiq_e/hryfrdhosp_waynestuni.html
  48. ^ SEC Fines GE $50 Million for Accounting Misdeeds
  49. ^ Sam Husseini, Felons On The Air: Does GE's Ownership of NBC Violate the Law?, FAIR.ORG, November/December 1994
  50. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. G.E. Guilty Plea in U.S. Aid to Israel, New York Times, July 23, 1992.
  51. ^ Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons, and Our Environment
  52. ^ Nuclear Weaponmakers Campaign – Corporate Accountability International – Challenging Abuse, Protecting People – Think Outside the Bottle – challenging the bottled water indust...
  53. ^ "30 Rock GE Wig Chart". nbc.com. NBC Universal Inc. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-03-15. Sheinhardt Wig Co -> NBC -> Winnipeg Iron Works

Further reading

  • Carlson, W. Bernard. Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, 1870–1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
  • Woodbury, David O. Elihu Thomson, Beloved Scientist (Boston: Museum of Science, 1944)
  • Haney, John L. The Elihu Thomson Collection American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1944.
  • Hammond, John W. Men and Volts: The Story of General Electric, published 1941, 436 pages.
  • Mill, John M. Men and Volts at War: The Story of General Electric in World War II, published 1947.
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