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James Gapes
JP
Portrait photo of James Gapes wearing mayoral chains
James Gapes in ca 1882
9th Mayor of Christchurch
In office
2 January 1877 – 19 December 1877
Preceded byFred Hobbs
Succeeded byHenry Thomson
In office
15 December 1880 – 21 December 1881
Preceded byCharles Thomas Ick
Succeeded byGeorge Ruddenklau
Personal details
Born1822
Saffron Walden
Died22 October 1899
Christchurch
Resting placeLinwood Cemetery
43°32′19″S 172°41′11″E / 43.5385°S 172.6863°E / -43.5385; 172.6863 (Linwood cemetery)
Spousedaughter of Mr. Le Lean (m. 1843)
RelationsThomas Gapes (son)
William Gapes (twin brother)

James Gapes JP (1822 – 22 October 1899) was a local politician in Christchurch, New Zealand. He was Mayor of Christchurch on two occasions, and the father of a later mayor, Thomas Gapes. He was the first mayor who was elected by the voting public; previously city councillors chose one from their rank as mayor.

Early life

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Gapes was born in Saffron Walden in Essex, England in 1822. He went to school there and continued his training in London. He held employment with the same firm in London for 22 years.[1] He married Jane Le Lean in 1843 (b. 1823 or 1824[2]), and they had four daughters and six sons.[1]

Gapes and his wife Jane came out with their children and other relatives – Hannah (21 years), Charlotte (16 years), Thomas (11 years), Mary (7 years), Angelina (5 years) and Emily (8 months), plus his cousin Lizzie Westwood (b. 1826 in Hertfordshire)[3] emigrated to the colony, leaving Gravesend on 29 August 1859 and arriving in Lyttelton on 4 December 1859 on board the Regina.[4] Gapes' twin brother William Gapes had already arrived in New Zealand on the Clontarf in January 1859 and eventually settled in Gapes Valley.[5][6]

Life in Christchurch

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Gapes started a glass, paint and paperhanging business in 71 Victoria Street. In 1889, he passed the company to his son Thomas.[7]

He was a member of many organisations and bodies, often in a leading role, including the Christchurch Hospital Board, Canterbury Lodge Freemason, the Order of Foresters, and Court Star of Canterbury.[1]

As a flautist, he gave many concerts with Sir John Cracroft Wilson.[1]

Local body politics

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Before 1916, elections for Christchurch City Council were held annually. Gapes was elected onto the city council six times: first in February 1873 in a by-election,[8][9] then in 1874, 1877, 1878, 1879 and 1881.[10][11]

The mayor was for the first time elected by voters on 20 December 1876; until the previous year, the mayor was chosen from amongst the city councillors, and they usually elected the most senior councillor.[12][13]

The 20 December 1876 mayoral election was contested by Gapes and Charles Thomas Ick, with Gapes representing working class interests, whereas Ick represented the wealthier part of the population.[14] Gapes and Ick received 680 and 515 votes, respectively, and Gapes was thus declared elected.[15] Gapes was sworn in as mayor at the next Christchurch City Council meeting on 2 January 1877.[16]

At the end of 1877, Gapes was challenged by Henry Thomson for the mayoralty. Gapes declared that he would not have wanted to oppose a city councillor standing for the office of mayor, but that he stood to clear up his reputation, as unwarranted accusations had been made against him. Thomson, over the course of the election campaign, started to believe that he would not have a chance at the election. The result was very close, with Thomson receiving 474 votes against 461 votes for Gapes. The returning officer declared Thomson elected at the evening of the election day (28 November 1877).[17][18] Thomson was installed as mayor at a meeting on 19 December 1877.[19]

Gapes was elected again on 24 November 1880, when he defeated Aaron Ayers.[20] He was installed as mayor on 15 December 1880.[21]

Gapes announced on 25 November 1881 his candidacy for a third term as mayor, as he was not satisfied with the other two contenders for the position, the timber merchant Charles Benjamin Taylor,[22] and George Ruddenklau.[23] However, on 28 November, Gapes advertised that he had withdrawn from the contest.[24][25] The election was won by Ruddenklau on 30 November,[26][27] possibly helped by the support of The Star just prior to the election.[28] Ruddenklau was installed as the next mayor on 21 December 1881.[29]

His son Thomas Gapes was the 20th Mayor of Christchurch.[18]

Family

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Advertisement published on 7 August 1876
Gapes family, ca 1907

The Gapes family was of humble origin, and they are an example of the opportunities that were available to immigrants to New Zealand.[30] When the Canterbury edition of the Cyclopedia of New Zealand was produced, it was his son Thomas who wrote the various entries for the Gapes family. As the Cyclopedia was vanity press, it gave him the chance to downplay the family's humble background, and he focussed on their important associations in Christchurch.[31] Thomas Gapes stated about his father that "while in London Mr. Gapes was intimately associated with the early pioneers of Canterbury, and took a very active part in the business of colonisation, especially in connection with the Canterbury settlement."[30] This was rather unlikely, though, as the Gapes family travelled to New Zealand as assisted immigrants, i.e. they had their journey subsidised for them; assisted immigrants were not those who were influential in their homeland.

James Gapes' youngest son, Alfred, died aged 18 on 6 June 1886.[32] He was buried at Linwood Cemetery.[33]

His son James became an alcoholic and eventually died penniless on 16 October 1894.[34] On 5 August 1876, James Gapes (junior) was fined 20s for "drunkenness, assaulting and resisting the police".[35] As the case had been reported in the newspaper and due to father and son sharing their first name, Gapes (senior) took out an advertisement later that month to protect his reputation. Alice Gapes (née Swindell, married 1875[36]), the wife of James Gapes (junior), outlived him by eight years. The Christchurch City Library holds an interesting biography on her, not because she had a public persona, but as an example of a woman coping as best as she could during the Victorian time.[37]

Gapes' third daughter, Angelina, married L. H. Nelson on 10 August 1876.[38]

His fourth daughter, Emily, married Frank John Preston on 12 June 1879.[39]

Gapes' wife, who was well regarded in Christchurch for her attitude to charity, died on 5 July 1886, aged 62 years.[2] Gapes outlived her for 13 years and died in Christchurch on 22 October 1899, aged 77 years. He is buried at Linwood cemetery.[40]

His sister Charlotte died aged 89 on 27 September 1928.[41]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Mr. James Gapes. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia Company Limited. 1903. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Deaths". The Star. No. 5663. Christchurch. 6 July 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  3. ^ "Unsung Heroines – Lizzie Coker". Christchurch: Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  4. ^ "Regina". New Zealand Yesteryears. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  5. ^ Macdonald, George. "Macdonald Dictionary Record: William Gapes". Macdonald Dictionary. Canterbury Museum. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Shipping news". Lyttelton Times. Vol. XI, no. 644. 8 January 1859. p. 4. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  7. ^ Gapes, Thomas, and Co. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia Company Limited. 1903. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  8. ^ "News of the Day". The Press. Vol. XXI, no. 2365. 4 March 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  9. ^ "To the ratepayers of the City of Christchurch". The Press. Vol. XXI, no. 2350. 14 February 1873. p. 4. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  10. ^ Ex-Councillors – James Gapes. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia Company Limited. 1903. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  11. ^ "Councillors of the City of Christchurch". Christchurch: Christchurch City Council. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  12. ^ "To the Electors of the City of Christchurch". The Star. No. 2713. 8 December 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  13. ^ "Christchurch City Council". The Press. Vol. XXVI, no. 3516. 12 December 1876. p. 4. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  14. ^ "Telegrams". Bruce Herald. Vol. IX, no. 865. 22 December 1876. p. 5. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Christchurch". The Star. No. 2724. 21 December 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  16. ^ "City Council". The Press. Vol. XXVII, no. 3584. 3 January 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  17. ^ "The Mayoral Election". The Press. Vol. XXVIII, no. 3855. 29 November 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  18. ^ a b "Chairmen and mayors". Christchurch: Christchurch City Council. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  19. ^ "News of the Day". The Press. Vol. XXVIII, no. 3873. 20 December 1877. p. 2. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  20. ^ "Mayoral Elections". The Star. No. 3933. 25 November 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  21. ^ "Local and General". The Star. No. 3950. 15 December 1880. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  22. ^ Mr. Charles Benjamin Taylor. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia Company Limited. 1903. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  23. ^ "The Mayoral Election". The Star. No. 4243. 26 November 1881. p. 4. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  24. ^ "Local & General". The Star. No. 4244. 28 November 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  25. ^ "To the Electors of the City of Christchurch". The Press. Vol. XXXVI, no. 5062. 28 November 1881. p. 1. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  26. ^ "The Mayoral Election". The Star. No. 4246. 30 November 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  27. ^ "The Mayoral Elections". The Star. No. 4247. 1 December 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  28. ^ "The Star". The Star. No. 4245. 29 November 1881. p. 2. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  29. ^ "Christchurch". The Press. Vol. XXXVI, no. 5083. 22 December 1881. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  30. ^ a b Greenaway 2007, p. 46.
  31. ^ Greenaway 2007, p. 27.
  32. ^ "Deaths". The Star. No. 5638. 7 June 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  33. ^ "Page 2 advertisements, column 1". The Star. No. 5639. 8 June 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  34. ^ "Deaths". The Star. No. 5084. 18 October 1894. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  35. ^ "Christchurch". The Star. No. 2610. 5 August 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  36. ^ "Marriage". The Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  37. ^ "Unsung Heroines : Alice Gapes". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  38. ^ "Marriage". The Star. No. 2614. 10 August 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  39. ^ "Marriage". The Star. No. 3485. 12 June 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  40. ^ "Obituary – Mr James Gapes". The Star. No. 6623. Christchurch. 23 October 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  41. ^ Greenaway 2007, p. 21.
Sources
  • Greenaway, Richard L. N. (June 2007). Linwood Cemetery Tour (PDF). Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
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Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Christchurch
1877
1880–1881 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
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