Jump to content

Goods and Services Tax (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from GST India)
This article is about the tax. For the legislation introducing this tax, see One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India.

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a successor to VAT used in India on the supply of goods and service. Both VAT and GST have the same taxation slabs. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.

Goods and services are divided into 5 different tax slabs for collection of tax: 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. However, petroleum products, alcoholic beverages, and electricity are not taxed under GST and instead are taxed separately by the individual state governments, as per the previous tax system.[1] There is a special rate of 0.25% on rough precious and semi-precious stones and 3% on gold.[2] In addition a cess of 22% or other rates on top of 28% GST applies on several items like aerated drinks, luxury cars and tobacco products.[3] Pre-GST, the statutory tax rate for most goods was about 26.5%; post-GST, most goods are expected to be in the 18% tax range.

The tax came into effect from 1 July 2017 through the implementation of the One Hundred and First Amendment to the Constitution of India by the Government of India. 1 July is celebrated as GST Day.[4] The GST replaced existing multiple taxes levied by the central and state governments.

Also, to boost GST billing in India, the Government of India, in association with state governments, has launched an "Invoice Incentive Scheme" (Mera Bill Mera Adhikaar). This will encourage the culture of customers asking for invoices and bills for all purchases. The objective of the scheme is to bring a cultural and behavioural change in the general public to ‘Ask for a Bill’ as their right and entitlement.[5][better source needed]

The tax rates, rules and regulations are governed by the GST Council which consists of the finance ministers of the central government and all the states. The GST is meant to replace a slew of indirect taxes with a federated tax and is therefore expected to reshape the country's $3.5 trillion economy, but its implementation has received criticism.[6][7] Positive outcomes of the GST includes the travel time in interstate movement, which dropped by 20%, because of disbanding of interstate check posts.[8]

History

[edit]

Formation

[edit]

The reform of India's indirect tax regime was started in 1986 by V. P. Singh, Finance Minister in Rajiv Gandhi’s government, with the introduction of the Modified Value Added Tax (MODVAT). Subsequently, Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and his Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, initiated early discussions on a Value Added Tax (VAT) at the state level.[9] A single common "Goods and Services Tax (GST)" was proposed and given a go-ahead in 1999 during a meeting between the Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and his economic advisory panel, which included three former RBI governors I. G. Patel, Bimal Jalan and C. Rangarajan. Vajpayee set up a committee headed by the Ministry of finance of West Bengal, Asim Dasgupta to design a GST model.[10]

The Asim Dasgupta committee which was also tasked with putting in place the back-end technology and logistics (later came to be known as the GST Network, or GSTN), in 2015. It later came out for rolling out a uniform taxation regime in the country. In 2002, the Vajpayee government formed a task force under Vijay Kelkar to recommend tax reforms. In 2005, the Kelkar committee recommended rolling out GST as suggested by the Twelfth Finance Commission.[10]

After the defeat of the BJP-led NDA government in the 2004 Indian general election and the election of a Congress-led UPA government, the new Finance Minister P. Chidambaram in February 2006 continued work on the same and proposed a GST rollout by 1 April 2010. However, in 2011, with the Trinamool Congress routing CPI(M) out of power in West Bengal, Asim Dasgupta resigned as the head of the GST committee. Dasgupta admitted in an interview that 80% of the task had been done.[10]

The UPA introduced the 115th Constitution Amendment Bill[11] on 22 March 2011[12] in the Lok Sabha to bring about the GST. It ran into opposition from the Bharatiya Janata Party and other parties and was referred to a Standing Committee headed by the BJP's former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha. The committee submitted its report in August 2013, but in October 2013 Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi raised objections that led to the bill's indefinite postponement.[13] The Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh attributed the GST Bill's failure to the "single handed opposition of Narendra Modi".[14]

In the 2014 Indian general election, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led NDA government was elected into power. With the consequential dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha, the GST Bill – approved by the standing committee for reintroduction – lapsed. Seven months after the formation of the then Modi government, the new Finance Minister Arun Jaitley introduced the GST Bill in the Lok Sabha, where the BJP had a majority. In February 2015, Jaitley set another deadline of 1 April 2017 to implement GST. In May 2016, the Lok Sabha passed the Constitution Amendment Bill, paving way for GST. However, the Opposition, led by the Congress, demanded that the GST Bill be again sent back for review to the Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha due to disagreements on several statements in the Bill relating to taxation. Finally, in August 2016, the Amendment Bill was passed. Over the next 15 to 20 days, 18 states ratified the Constitution amendment Bill and the President Pranab Mukherjee gave his assent to it.[15][16]

A 21-member selected committee was formed to look into the proposed GST laws.[17] After GST Council approved the Central Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The CGST Bill), the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The IGST Bill), the Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The UTGST Bill), the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to the States) Bill 2017 (The Compensation Bill), these Bills were passed by the Lok Sabha on 29 March 2017. The Rajya Sabha passed these Bills on 6 April 2017 which were then enacted as Acts on 12 April 2017. Thereafter, State Legislatures of different States have passed respective State Goods and Services Tax Bills. After the enactment of various GST laws, Goods and Services Tax was launched all over India with effect from 1 July 2017.[18] The Jammu and Kashmir state legislature passed its GST act on 7 July 2017, thereby ensuring that the entire nation is brought under a unified indirect taxation system. There was to be no GST on the sale and purchase of securities. That continues to be governed by Securities Transaction Tax (STT).[19]

Different Types of GST

[edit]

India currently recognizes four types of Goods service tax returns. These are:

  • CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax): When buying or selling things within one state, CGST is collected as an indirect tax by the central government in order to raise money for activities like infrastructure development and public services.
  • SGST (State Goods and Services Tax): When purchasing or selling something within your state, an SGST tax is collected by your government and used for local projects, schools and other purposes that benefit the entire population of that particular state. The money collected stays within its borders to fund local needs or state initiatives.
  • IGST (Integrated Goods and Services Tax): When buying something that originates in another state, IGST comes into effect to facilitate transactions smoothly across state boundaries and ensure a fair distribution of revenues among participating jurisdictions.
  • UTGST (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax): UTGST is applied only on sales occurring within Union Territories governed directly by the central government; thus enabling more consistent financial management and development across these regions.[20]

Implementation

[edit]

The GST was launched at midnight on 1 July 2017 by the President of India, and the Government of India. The launch was marked by a historic midnight (30 June – 1 July) session of both the houses of parliament convened at the Central Hall of the Parliament. Though the session was attended by high-profile guests from the business and the entertainment industry including Ratan Tata, it was boycotted by the opposition due to the predicted problems that it was bound to lead for the middle and lower class Indians. The tax was strongly opposed by the largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress.[21][22] It is one of the few midnight sessions that have been held by the parliament - the others being the declaration of India's independence on 15 August 1947, and the silver and golden jubilees of that occasion.[22] After its launch, the GST rates have been modified multiple times, the latest being on 10 May 2023 where taxpayer with over ₹5 crore turnover in any financial year from 2017 to 2018 shall issue e-invoices w.e.f. 1 August 2023.[23]

Members of the Congress boycotted the GST launch altogether.[24] They were joined by members of the Trinamool Congress, Communist Parties of India and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. The parties reported that they found virtually no difference between the GST and the existing taxation system, claiming that the government was trying to merely rebrand the current taxation system.[25] They also argued that the GST would increase existing rates on common daily goods while reducing rates on luxury items, and affect many Indians adversely, especially the middle, lower middle and poorer income groups.[26]

Tax

[edit]

Taxes subsumed

[edit]

The single GST [27] subsumed several taxes and levies, which included central excise duty, services tax, additional customs duty, surcharges, state-level value added tax and Octroi.[28][29] Other levies which were applicable on inter-state transportation of goods have also been done away with in GST regime.[30][31] GST is levied on all transactions such as sale, transfer, purchase, barter, lease, or import of goods and/or services.

India adopted a dual GST model, meaning that taxation is administered by both the Union and state governments. Transactions made within a single state are levied with Central GST (CGST) by the Central Government and State GST (SGST) by the State governments. For inter-state transactions and imported goods or services, an Integrated GST (IGST) is levied by the Central Government. GST is a consumption-based tax/destination-based tax, therefore, taxes are paid by the state where the goods or services are consumed not the state in which they were produced. IGST complicates tax collection for State Governments by disabling them from collecting the tax owed to them directly from the Central Government. Under the previous system, a state would only have to deal with a single government in order to collect tax revenue.[32]

HSN code

[edit]

India is a member of World Customs Organization (WCO) since 1971. It was originally using 6-digit HSN codes to classify commodities for Customs and Central Excise. Later Customs and Central Excise added two more digits to make the codes more precise, resulting in an 8 digit classification. The purpose of HSN codes is to make GST systematic and globally accepted.

The Harmonized system of Nomenclature (HSN) code is used for classifying goods under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. The HSN code is a six-digit code that uniquely identifies a product. The first two digits of the code identify the chapter, the next two digits identify the heading, and the last two digits identify the subheading.

HSN codes will remove the need to upload the detailed description of the goods. This will save time and make filing easier since GST returns are automated.

If a company has turnover up to ₹15 million (US$180,000) in the preceding financial year then it need not mention the HSN code while supplying goods on invoices. If a company has turnover more than ₹15 million (US$180,000) but up to ₹50 million (US$600,000), then it needs to mention the first two digits of HSN code while supplying goods on invoices. If turnover crosses ₹50 million (US$600,000) then it needs to mention the first 4 digits of HSN code on invoices.

Rate

[edit]

The GST is imposed at variable rates on variable items. The rate of GST is 18% for soaps and 28% on washing detergents. GST on movie tickets is based on slabs, with 18% GST for tickets that cost less than ₹100 and 28% GST on tickets costing more than ₹100 and 28% on commercial vehicle and private and 5% on readymade clothes.[33] The rate on under-construction property booking is 12%.[34] Some industries and products were exempted by the government and remain untaxed under GST, such as dairy products, products of milling industries, fresh vegetables & fruits, meat products, and other groceries and necessities.[35]

Checkposts across the country were abolished ensuring free and fast movement of goods.[36] Such efficient transportation of goods was further ensured by subsuming octroi within the ambit of GST.

The Central Government had proposed to insulate the revenues of the States from the effects of GST, with the expectation that in due course, GST will be levied on petroleum and petroleum products. The central government had assured states of compensation for any revenue loss incurred by them from the date of GST for a period of five years. However, no concrete laws have yet been made to support such action.[37] GST council adopted concept paper discouraging tinkering with rates.[38]

e-Way Bill

[edit]

An e-Way Bill is an electronic permit for shipping goods similar to a waybill. It is an electronic bill; there is no requirement for a paper bill. It was made compulsory for inter-state transport of goods from 1 June 2018. It is required to be generated for every inter-state movement of goods beyond 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and the threshold limit of ₹50,000 (US$600).[39]

Registered GST Taxpayers can register in the e-Way Bill Portal using GSTIN. Unregistered Persons/ Transporters can enroll in the e-Way Bill System by providing their PAN and Aadhaar. Supplier/ Recipient/ Transporter can generate the e-Way Bill.

The Validity of e-Way Bill is fixed as one day for every 200 km or part thereof. The validity can be extended online before the expiry.

Contents of PART - A of the Form EWB - 01 can't be edited or modified once generated. PART - B can be updated with Vehicle details/ RR/Airway Bill etc.

Intra-State e-Way Bill The five states piloting this project are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh, which account for 61.8% of the inter-state e-way bills, started mandatory intrastate e-way bill from 15 April 2018 to further reduce tax evasion.[40] It was successfully introduced in Karnataka from 1 April 2018.[41] The intrastate e-way bill will pave the way for a seamless, nationwide single e-way bill system. Six more states Jharkhand, Bihar, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana will roll it out from 20 April 18. All states are mandated to introduce it by 30 May 2018.

Reverse Charge Mechanism

[edit]

Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) is a system in GST where the receiver pays the tax on behalf of unregistered, smaller material and service suppliers. The receiver of the goods is eligible for Input Tax Credit, while the unregistered dealer is not.

The central government released ₹352.98 billion (US$4.2 billion) to states as GST compensation. For the implementation, this amount was given to states to compensate for the revenue. Central government has had to face many criticisms for delays in compensation.

Goods excluded from the GST

[edit]
  • Tobacco Products: Products like cigarettes and other tobacco-based items attract separate taxes.[42]
  • Alcohol for human consumption (i.e., not for commercial use).
  • Petrol and petroleum products (GST will apply at a later date), i.e., petroleum crude, high-speed diesel, motor spirit (petrol), natural gas, aviation turbine fuel.[43]

[edit]

This is a recent amendment in GST Taxation System. If a taxpayer opts for this scheme he will have to file GST Returns on Quarterly basis instead of regular monthly basis, but Tax payment will have to be done monthly. QRMP means quarterly return monthly payment.

The Quarterly Return Filing and Monthly Payment (QRMP) Scheme is a simplified compliance regime under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. It is available to registered taxpayers whose aggregate annual turnover (PAN based) is up to ₹ 5 Crore in the current financial year and the preceding financial year (if applicable) and have already filed their last due Form GSTR-3B return.

Revenue distribution

[edit]

Revenue earned from GST (intra state transaction - seller and buyer both are located in same state) is shared equally on 50-50 basis between central and respective state governments.[44][45] Example: if Goa has collected a total GST revenue (intra state transaction - seller and buyer both are located in same state) of ₹100 million (US$1.2 million) in January, then the share of central government (CGST) will be ₹50 million (US$600,000) and the remaining ₹50 million (US$600,000) will be a share of Goa's state government GST (SGST) for the month of January.[46]

For distribution of IGST (inter state transaction - seller and buyer both are located in different states) collection, revenue is collected by central government and shared with state where good is imported.[46][47] Example: 'A' is a seller located in state of Goa selling a product to 'B' a buyer of that product located in state of Punjab, then IGST collected from this transaction will be shared equally on 50-50 basis between central and Punjab state governments only.[47]

GST Council

[edit]

GST Council is the governing body of the GST having 33 members, out of which 2 members are of centre and 31 members are from 28 state and 3 Union territories with Legislature. The council contains the following members (a) Union Finance Minister (as chairperson) (b) Union Minister of States in charge of revenue or finance (as member) (c) the ministers of states in charge of finance or taxation or other ministers as nominated by each states government (as member). GST Council is an apex member committee to modify, reconcile or to procure any law or regulation based on the context of goods and services tax in India. The council is headed by the union finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman assisted with the finance minister of all the states of India. The GST council makes recommendations to the Parliament of India to make or amend laws related to the taxes on goods and services in India.[48]

Members of GST Council

[edit]
S.No. Member[49] Portfolio
1 Nirmala Sitharaman Union Finance Minister
2 Pankaj Chaudhary Union Minister of State (Finance)
3 Buggana Rajendranath Finance Minister, Andhra Pradesh
4 Chowna Mein Deputy Chief Minister, Arunachal Pradesh
5 Ajanta Neog Finance Minister, Assam
6 Vijay Kumar Chaudhary Finance and Commercial Taxes Minister, Bihar
7 O. P. Choudhary Minister of Finance and Commercial Tax, Chattisgarh
8 Atishi Chief Minister, Delhi
9 Mauvin Godinho Minister for Transport and Panchayat Raj, Housing, Protocol and Legislative Affairs, Goa
10 Kanubhai Desai Finance Minister, Gujarat
11 Dushyant Chautala Former Deputy Chief Minister, Haryana
12 Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Chief Minister, Himachal Pradesh
13 Rajeev Rai Bhatnagar Advisor to Lieutenant Governor, Jammu & Kashmir
14 Rameshwar Oraon Minister for Planning and Finance, Commercial Taxes and Food, Public Distribution, and Consumer Affairs, Jharkhand
15 Siddaramayya Minister for Home Affairs, Law & Parliamentary Affairs, Karnataka
16 K. N. Balagopal Finance Minister, Kerala
17 Jagdish Devda Deputy Chief Minister, Madhya Pradesh
18 Devendra Fadnavis Deputy Chief Minister, Maharashtra
19 Sapam Ranjan Singh Minister For Medical, Health, and Family Welfare Department, Manipur
20 Conrad Sangma Chief Minister, Meghalaya
21 Lalduhoma Chief Minister, Mizoram
22 Neiphiu Rio Chief Minister, Nagaland
23 Niranjan Pujari Minister of Finance and Excise, Odisha
24 K. Lakshminarayanan Public Works Minister, Puducherry
25 Harpal Singh Cheema Finance Minister, Punjab
26 Diya Kumari Deputy Chief Minister, Rajasthan
27 Bedu Singh Panth Minister for Tourism, Civil Aviation and Industries, Sikkim
28 Thangam Thennarasu Minister for Finance, Human Resource Management, Tamil Nadu
29 Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka Finance Minister, Telangana
30 Pranjit Singha Roy Finance Minister, Tripura
31 Suresh Kumar Khanna Minister for Finance, Parliamentary Affairs, and Medical Education, Uttar Pradesh
32 Premchand Aggarwal Finance Minister, Uttarakhand
33 Chandrima Bhattacharya Minister of State for Finance, West Bengal

Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)

[edit]

The GSTN software is developed by Infosys Technologies and the information technology network that provides the computing resources is maintained by the NIC. "Goods and Services Tax Network" (GSTN) is a nonprofit organization formed for creating a sophisticated network, accessible to stakeholders, government, and taxpayers, to access information from a single source (portal). The portal is accessible to the tax authorities for tracking down every transaction, while taxpayers have the ability to connect for their tax returns.

The GSTN's authorized capital is ₹100 million (US$1.2 million) in which initially the Central Government held 24.5 per cent of shares while the state government held 24.5 per cent. The remaining 51 per cent were held by non-Government financial institutions, HDFC and HDFC Bank hold 20%, ICICI Bank holds 10%, NSE Strategic Investment holds 10% and LIC Housing Finance holds 11% .[50][51]

However, later it was made a wholly owned government company having equal shares of state and central government.[52]

Statistics

[edit]

Goods and Services Tax (India) Revenue Statistics.

Revenue collections

[edit]

Statistical Details of GST Revenue Collected.

Reply

[edit]

Statistical Details of GST Returns filed.

Around 3.8 million new taxpayers have registered under GST regime and the total count has crossed 10 million if we include the 6.4 million earlier ones.[53] The total number of taxpayers were above 11.4 million in October 2018.[54]

Criticism

[edit]

Technicalities of GST implementation in India have been criticized by global financial institutions/industries, sections of Indian media, and opposition political parties in India. World Bank's 2018 version of India Development Update described India's version of GST as too complex, noticing various flaws compared to GST systems prevalent in other countries; most significantly, the second-highest tax rate among a sample of 115 countries at 28%.[55]

GST's implementation in India has been further criticized by Indian businessmen for problems including tax refund delays and too much documentation and administrative effort needed.[56] According to a partner at PwC India, when the first GST returns were filed in August 2017, the system crashed under the weight of filings.[56]

The opposition Indian National Congress has consistently been among the most vocal opponents of GST implementation in India with party President, Rahul Gandhi, slamming BJP for allegedly "destroying small businessmen and industries" in the country.[57] He went on to pejoratively dub GST as "Gabbar Singh Tax" after an ill-famed, fictional dacoit in Bollywood.[57] Claiming the implementation of GST as a "way of removing money from the pockets of the poor", Rahul has called it as a "big failure"[58] while declaring that if the Congress party is elected to power, it will implement a single slab GST instead of different slabs.[59] In the run-up to the elections in various states of India, Rahul has intensified his "Gabbar Singh" criticisms on Modi's administration.[60] [editorializing]

According to an estimate, 230,000 small businesses shut down due to complications of compliance with the GST.[61]

The GST system has been slammed for higher taxation of affordable goods. For instance, bicycles, which are used mostly by those low income group and rural populations, have GST of 12%, which increases cost of purchase. Manufacturers have lobbied to reduce the GST from 12 to 5% for both regular and electric bicycles to ensure affordability among the low income groups and daily-wage earners.[62]

Challenges in GST Implementation in India

[edit]

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was a landmark reform in India's taxation system, aimed at streamlining and simplifying multiple taxes into a singular, unified system. However, like any significant overhaul, its implementation came with a set of challenges:

1. Technological Hurdles: The GST regime brought in the need for businesses to file taxes online through the GSTN portal. However, frequent technical glitches, server downtimes, and difficulties in navigating the portal posed significant challenges, especially for small businesses unfamiliar with digital tax filing.[63]

2. Complex Return Filing Process: With multiple return forms to be filled and regular filings required, many businesses found the process intricate and time-consuming. Adopting automated billing software that assist in accurate form selection, auto-population of details, and timely submission can be instrumental.

3. Compliance Costs: The transition to the GST system necessitated changes in business processes, IT systems, and skill up-gradation, leading to increased compliance costs for businesses.

4. Input Tax Credit (ITC) Challenges: While the ITC mechanism aimed to prevent the cascading effect of taxes, businesses faced issues in availing and reconciling ITC due to mismatches in invoices between suppliers and recipients.

5. Multiple Tax Slabs: The GST system introduced different tax rates for various goods and services. This multi-tiered structure led to confusion about the correct tax rate applicable to specific products or services.

6. Transition Issues: The shift from the old tax regime to GST led to challenges related to the carry-forward of tax credits, stock transition provisions, and more.

7. Training and Education: There was a significant knowledge gap among businesses, especially SMEs, regarding GST's nuances.[64] Proper training and education became essential to ensure compliance and make the most of the new system.

In conclusion, while the GST regime aimed at simplifying the tax landscape in India, its initial phase presented several challenges. However, with the right tools and continuous learning, businesses can navigate this landscape efficiently and ensure compliance.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Agrawal, Garima (2 November 2023). "Unveiling the GST Revolution: A Closer Look at Petroleum Products, Alcoholic Beverages, and Electricity". My Digital Filing. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  2. ^ "All your queries on GST answered". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  3. ^ "GST: Cars, durables face 28% rate; luxury vehicles to attract 15% cess", Business Standard, Press Trust of India, 18 May 2017, archived from the original on 26 June 2017, retrieved 3 July 2017
  4. ^ "What is GST? - Latest Government Jobs". 5 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Mera Bill Mera Adhikar - Government Scheme to Reward Consumers for Uploading GST Invoices". 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  6. ^ "Film theatres in Tamil Nadu to begin indefinite strike against GST". The Hindu. 2 July 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  7. ^ "India set to be a $7 trillion economy by 2030, powered by triple engines of rapid financialisation, clean energy transition and digital revolution". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  8. ^ "GST impact: Trucks' travel time in interstate movement drops 20%, says govt". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Looking back at 's journey: How an idea is now near reality", Indian Express, 31 March 2017, archived from the original on 30 October 2019, retrieved 30 October 2019
  10. ^ a b c "GST: A 17-year-old dream, 17 phases towards creating history", India Today, 29 June 2017, archived from the original on 13 December 2017, retrieved 30 October 2019
  11. ^ 115th Constitution Amendment Bill, 2011 (PDF), Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, retrieved 16 July 2020
  12. ^ "The Constitution (115th Amendment) Bill 2011 (GST Bill)". PRS Legislative Research. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  13. ^ 17-year-long wait ends; know from where the GST dream started, India Today, 30 June 2017, archived from the original on 18 July 2020, retrieved 16 July 2020
  14. ^ "Modi single handedly derailed GST: Jairam Ramesh", Business Standard India, Business Standard, Press Trust of India, 20 September 2013, archived from the original on 16 July 2020, retrieved 16 July 2020
  15. ^ "Goods and Services Tax: History of India's biggest tax reform and people who made it possible", India TV, 29 June 2017, archived from the original on 2 July 2017, retrieved 30 June 2017
  16. ^ "GST: Meet the men behind India's biggest tax reform that's been in making for 17 years", India Today, 29 June 2017, archived from the original on 12 December 2017, retrieved 30 October 2019
  17. ^ Nair, Remya (8 June 2015), "Rajya Sabha panel to hear GST concerns on 16 June", Live Mint, archived from the original on 3 July 2017, retrieved 1 June 2017
  18. ^ "GST rollout: All except J-K pass State GST legislation", The Indian Express, 22 June 2017, archived from the original on 21 June 2017, retrieved 22 June 2017
  19. ^ "GST draft makes it must for companies to pass tax benefit to costumers", The Times of India, 27 November 2016, archived from the original on 19 August 2017, retrieved 1 June 2017
  20. ^ "What Is Goods And Service Tax ( GST )?". margbooks.com. 19 January 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  21. ^ "GST Rollout Attendees", Financial Express, 30 June 2017, archived from the original on 3 July 2017, retrieved 1 July 2017
  22. ^ a b "GST launch: Times when the Parliament convened for a session at midnight", The Hindustan Times, 30 June 2017, archived from the original on 1 July 2017, retrieved 1 July 2017
  23. ^ "Latest GST Cuts: Complete List Of What Just Got Cheaper", NDTV, archived from the original on 20 January 2018, retrieved 20 January 2018
  24. ^ PTI (30 June 2017). "GST launch divides opposition". livemint.com/. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  25. ^ Reddy, G. B. (20 October 2020). Burning India. BecomeShakespeare.com. ISBN 978-93-90266-43-2. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Congress To Boycott GST Launch, Arun Jaitley Suggests Broader Shoulders", NDTV, 29 June 2017, archived from the original on 30 June 2017, retrieved 30 June 2017
  27. ^ "How to Register for GST in India". Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  28. ^ Dhasmana, Indivjal (17 April 2017), "What is GST, how is it different from now: Decoding the indirect tax regime", Business Standard, archived from the original on 11 August 2019, retrieved 18 August 2019
  29. ^ "GST may swallow all taxes but cess", Business Standard, 20 September 2016, archived from the original on 20 September 2016, retrieved 1 June 2017
  30. ^ "On Notes Ban, Firm Warning From West Bengal To Centre: GST Now At Risk", NDTV, 30 November 2016, archived from the original on 2 June 2017, retrieved 1 June 2017
  31. ^ "Finance minister Arun Jaitley may hike service tax to 16-18% in Budget", The Times of India, 30 January 2017, archived from the original on 19 May 2017, retrieved 1 June 2017
  32. ^ "GST: The illustrative guide to how transactions will take place after tax reform". Money Control. 9 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  33. ^ Mehra, Puja (27 June 2017). "GST, an old new tax". The Hindu - Opinion. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  34. ^ "What is the GST impact on real estate?", The Indian Express, 5 July 2017, archived from the original on 5 July 2017, retrieved 5 July 2017
  35. ^ "GST rollout: List of items exempted from taxation". The Indian Express. 30 June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  36. ^ "22 states scrap checkposts for smooth GST rollout", The Times of India, 4 July 2017, archived from the original on 4 July 2017, retrieved 4 July 2017
  37. ^ "'States on Board, GST Launch from April '16'". newindianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  38. ^ Sikarwar, Deepshikha (9 October 2017). "GST council adopts concept paper discouraging tinkering with rates". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  39. ^ "Businesses, govt gear up for E-Way Bill", The Hindu Business Line, 25 January 2018, archived from the original on 1 January 2020, retrieved 2 February 2018
  40. ^ "After e-way bill, government eyes tools to check GST evasion". The Times of India. 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  41. ^ "Interstate e-way bill: Phased roll-out from April 15". 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  42. ^ Singh, Naresh (17 October 2023). "GST Return Filing in Ballabgarh". ANB. Ballabgarh. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  43. ^ "After e-way bill, government eyes tools to check GST evasion". Times of India. 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  44. ^ "SGST - State Goods and Service Tax | Features & Examples of SGST". Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  45. ^ "CGST (Central Goods and Service Tax) - Meaning & Rates Slab". Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  46. ^ a b "What is GST? - Goods and Services Tax in India". Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  47. ^ a b "IGST - Integrated Goods and Services Tax | Meaning & Example". Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  48. ^ "The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016" (PDF). Goods and Services Tax Council (GST). Ministry of Law and Justice. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  49. ^ "gstcouncil.gov.in". Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  50. ^ "About Us – GSTN". gstn.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  51. ^ "GST pivot faces call". telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  52. ^ "Change in the shareholding pattern of GSTN". Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  53. ^ "Why many registered taxpayers are not filing GST returns", Business Today, 27 February 2018, archived from the original on 1 July 2018, retrieved 20 March 2018
  54. ^ "GST collection crosses ₹1 lakh crore in Oct", The Hindu Business Line, 1 November 2018, archived from the original on 2 November 2018, retrieved 1 November 2018
  55. ^ Debroy, Bibek. "Is the world simpler than it was before GST? This jury is in". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  56. ^ a b "India's introduction of GST proves painful | ACCA Global". accaglobal.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  57. ^ a b Langa, Mahesh (23 October 2017). "Note ban, GST ruined the nation, alleges Rahul". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  58. ^ "GST is Gabbar Singh Tax: Rahul". @businessline. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  59. ^ "" If Elected, We Will Give You GST, Not Gabbar Singh Tax": Rahul Gandhi". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  60. ^ "' Gabbar Singh Tax' now globally acclaimed: Rahul Gandhi mocks PM Modi". The Times of India. 18 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  61. ^ Kumar, Manoj (6 September 2018). "India after Goods and Services Tax: Hundreds of thousands lose jobs, small businesses shut down". Gulf News. PTI. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  62. ^ "Reduce GST on bicycles to 5 per cent from current 12 per cent: Hero Cycles". The Economic Times. 27 January 2020.
  63. ^ "GST portal experiences technical glitch, raises worries of taxpayers". mint. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  64. ^ "Do you know your GST? SMEs have few days to catch up on technology and processes". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)&oldid=1256149748"