Communist bandit
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"Communist bandit" (Chinese: 共匪; pinyin: gòngfěi) is an anti-communist epithet directed at members of the Chinese Communist Party. The term originated from the Nationalist Government in 1927. Nowadays outside mainland China, some Chinese people use the term "中共" (literally "Chinese Communist") to refer to Communist China or the Chinese Communist Party. It could also be translated to the English term "commie".[1][2]
Etymology
[edit]The characters for "Communist bandits" are composed as follows:[3]
- Gòng (Chinese: 共; pinyin: gòng) is a shorter writing for the term meaning "communism" (共產主義).
- Fěi (Chinese: 匪; pinyin: fěi), "bandits"
History
[edit]The term of "Communist bandits" to describe the Chinese Communist Party was begun in the tumultuous years of the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and the Communists.[3] On July 15, 1947, Document 0744 ordered the Communist Party and its forces to be called "Communist bandits" as a form of rectification of names, to the exclusion of all other terms, such as "Red bandits" (in Chinese 赤匪).[3] Along with the term fei, the term was used in official documents to describe the authorities established on Mainland China and their agencies, and in several slogans such as "Fight against Communist Bandit's Animalistic Life".[3] In the 1980s, the term was replaced by "Chinese Communist Authorities".
The term is used today as an insult against the PRC, their sympathizers or just chinese mainlanders, particularly by Taiwanese independentists and Republic of China supporters.[4] In 1996, Microsoft halted sales of its Windows 95 operating system in mainland China due to discoveries that it contained the term in Chinese-language input method software bundled with the operating system following police raids on computer stores.[5][6][7] In addition, the term is also used towards non-Chinese communists or communist-governed countries, such as Yuenán gòngfei (越南共匪, directed at Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese people), or Běihán gòngfei (北韓共匪, directed at Workers' Party of Korea and the North Koreans).
In May 2020, it became known that YouTube had been deleting any use of the term since October 2019.[8] Comments containing the phrase would disappear without a given reason shortly after being posted.[9] Alphabet, owner of YouTube, said the removal of such comments was "an error".[8]
Popular culture
[edit]There is a pastry shop in Chiayi, Taiwan named 共匪餅 meaning "Communist Bandit Pastries" which makes light of the martial law era epithet.[10]
See also
[edit]- Mandarin Chinese profanity against Communists
- Communization
- Communist society
- Communist Party of the Republic of China
- Việt Cộng – a comparable term directed at the Communist Vietnamese. It was initially used to refer the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam and its formal armed wing Liberation Army of South Vietnam as well as other Communist-led movements in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, and now it is used by anti-communist Vietnamese faction to point at the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), as well as the entire Communist-led Vietnamese State, Vietnamese Government and the Vietnamese Army.
References
[edit]- ^ 陳茂雄. 馬英九不該過度依賴中共. 蘋果日報. 2008年12月25日.
- ^ 钟声. 中共十八大是读懂当代中国的新契机 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. 人民日报. 2012年10月11日.
- ^ a b c d Chang, Hui-Ching; Holt, Richard (2014). "Communist bandits (共匪, gongfei) - the evil enemy". Language, Politics and Identity in Taiwan. Routledge. pp. 15–56. ISBN 978-1-135-04635-4.
- ^ "Visit From Chinese 'United Front' Official Sparks Fears in Taiwan". Radio Free Asia. August 25, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
- ^ TEMPEST, RONE (28 September 1996). "Microsoft Halts Sales of Chinese Windows 95". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Microsoft Translates 'Oops' Into Chinese Company Software Tags Leaders 'Communist Bandits'". Spokesman.com. September 29, 1996. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "Offending Software Pulled From China". The New York Times. 30 September 1996. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ a b Shead, Sam (2020-05-27). "YouTube automatically deleted comments that criticized China's Communist Party". CNBC. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
- ^ Everington, Keoni (14 May 2020). "YouTube automatically deletes Chinese epithet 'communist bandit'". Taiwan News. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Everington, Keoni (5 January 2021). "Photo of the Day: 'Communist Bandit Pastries' spotted in Taiwan". www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
