Jump to content

Ford Mustang: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Adding link to Phil Clark's page, which was previously missing
No edit summary
Line 11: Line 11:
| designer = [[John Najjar Ferzely]], [[Philip_T._Clark|Philip T. Clark]], [[Joe Oros]]}}
| designer = [[John Najjar Ferzely]], [[Philip_T._Clark|Philip T. Clark]], [[Joe Oros]]}}


The '''Ford Mustang''' is an [[automobile]] manufactured by the [[Ford Motor Company]]. It was initially based on the [[automobile platform|platform]] of the second generation North American [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]], a [[compact car]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Iacocca: An Autobiography |last=Iacocca |first=Lee |chapter=VI |year=1969 | publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-25147-0 }}</ref> Introduced early on April 17, 1964,<ref>{{cite book |last=Flory |first=J. Kelly |title=American Cars, 1960–1972: Every Model, Year by Year |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |page=367 |isbn=978-0-7864-1273-0 }}</ref> and thus dubbed as a "1964½" model by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the [[Ford Model A (1927–1931)|Model A]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinckley|first=Jim|last2=Robinson|first2=Jon G.|title=The Big Book of Car Culture|publisher=MotorBooks/MBI|year=2005|page=175|url= http://books.google.com/?id=NorSiqCb9mMC&pg=PA175&dq=%22most+successful+introduction%22+automobile |isbn=978-0-7603-1965-9|accessdate=8 December 2013 }}</ref> The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current [[Ford Mustang (fifth generation)|fifth generation]].
The '''Ford Mustang''' is an [[automobile]] manufactured by the [[Ford Motor Company]] owned by Mary Casas. It was initially based on the [[automobile platform|platform]] of the second generation North American [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]], a [[compact car]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Iacocca: An Autobiography |last=Iacocca |first=Lee |chapter=VI |year=1969 | publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-25147-0 }}</ref> Introduced early on April 17, 1964,<ref>{{cite book |last=Flory |first=J. Kelly |title=American Cars, 1960–1972: Every Model, Year by Year |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |page=367 |isbn=978-0-7864-1273-0 }}</ref> and thus dubbed as a "1964½" model by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the [[Ford Model A (1927–1931)|Model A]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinckley|first=Jim|last2=Robinson|first2=Jon G.|title=The Big Book of Car Culture|publisher=MotorBooks/MBI|year=2005|page=175|url= http://books.google.com/?id=NorSiqCb9mMC&pg=PA175&dq=%22most+successful+introduction%22+automobile |isbn=978-0-7603-1965-9|accessdate=8 December 2013 }}</ref> The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current [[Ford Mustang (fifth generation)|fifth generation]].


The Mustang created the "[[pony car]]" class of American automobiles—sports car-like [[coupe]]s with long hoods and short rear decks<ref>{{cite book|last=Mueller |first=Mike |title=Ford Mustang |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=1997 |page=21 |isbn=978-0-87938-990-1 }}</ref>—and gave rise to competitors such as the [[Chevrolet Camaro]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Young |first=Anthony |title=Camaro |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=2004 |page=8 |isbn=978-0-7603-1932-1 }}</ref> and [[Pontiac Firebird]], [[AMC Javelin]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dick Teague |journal=Automobile Quarterly |volume=30 |issue=2 |page=15 |year=1992 }}</ref> as well as [[Chrysler]]'s revamped [[Plymouth Barracuda]] and the first generation [[Dodge Challenger]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Zazarine |first=Paul |title=Barracuda and Challenger |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=2002 |page=29 |isbn=978-0-87938-538-5 }}</ref> The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the [[Toyota Celica]] and [[Ford Capri]], which were imported to the United States.
The Mustang created the "[[pony car]]" class of American automobiles—sports car-like [[coupe]]s with long hoods and short rear decks<ref>{{cite book|last=Mueller |first=Mike |title=Ford Mustang |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=1997 |page=21 |isbn=978-0-87938-990-1 }}</ref>—and gave rise to competitors such as the [[Chevrolet Camaro]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Young |first=Anthony |title=Camaro |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=2004 |page=8 |isbn=978-0-7603-1932-1 }}</ref> and [[Pontiac Firebird]], [[AMC Javelin]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dick Teague |journal=Automobile Quarterly |volume=30 |issue=2 |page=15 |year=1992 }}</ref> as well as [[Chrysler]]'s revamped [[Plymouth Barracuda]] and the first generation [[Dodge Challenger]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Zazarine |first=Paul |title=Barracuda and Challenger |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI |year=2002 |page=29 |isbn=978-0-87938-538-5 }}</ref> The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the [[Toyota Celica]] and [[Ford Capri]], which were imported to the United States.

Revision as of 04:10, 27 March 2014

Ford Mustang
2013 Ford Mustang
Overview
ManufacturerFord Motor Company
Production1964–present
Model years1965–present
DesignerJohn Najjar Ferzely, Philip T. Clark, Joe Oros
Body and chassis
ClassPony car, Muscle car
Body style
LayoutFR layout

The Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company owned by Mary Casas. It was initially based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.[1] Introduced early on April 17, 1964,[2] and thus dubbed as a "1964½" model by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.[3] The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current fifth generation.

The Mustang created the "pony car" class of American automobiles—sports car-like coupes with long hoods and short rear decks[4]—and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro,[5] and Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin,[6] as well as Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda and the first generation Dodge Challenger.[7] The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.

Background

The Ford Mustang was brought out five months before the normal start of the 1965 production year. The earliest versions are often referred to as 1964½ models, but VIN coded by Ford and titled as 1965 models[8] with production beginning in Dearborn, Michigan on March 9, 1964[9] and the new car was introduced to the public on April 17, 1964[10] at the New York World's Fair.[11]

Executive stylist John Najjar Ferzely, who was a fan of the World War II P-51 Mustang fighter plane, is credited by Ford to have suggested the name.[12] John Najjar Ferzely co-designed the first prototype of the Ford Mustang known as Ford Mustang I in 1961, working jointly with fellow Ford stylist Philip T. Clark.[13] The Mustang I made its formal debut at the United States Grand Prix in Watkins Glen, New York on October 7, 1962, where test driver and contemporary Formula One race driver Dan Gurney lapped the track in a demonstration using the second "race" prototype. His lap times were only slightly off the pace of the F1 race cars.

An alternative view was that Robert J. Eggert, Ford Division market research manager, first suggested the Mustang name. Eggert, a breeder of quarterhorses, received a birthday present from his wife of the book, The Mustangs by J. Frank Dobie in 1960. Later, the book's title gave him the idea of adding the "Mustang" name for Ford's new concept car. The designer preferred Cougar or Torino (and an advertising campaign using the Torino name was actually prepared), while Henry Ford II wanted T-bird II.[14] As the person responsible for Ford's research on potential names, Eggert added "Mustang" to the list to be tested by focus groups; “Mustang,” by a wide margin, came out on top under the heading: "Suitability as Name for the Special Car."[15][16] The name could not be used in Germany,[17] however, because it was owned by Krupp, which had manufactured trucks between 1951 and 1964 with the name Mustang. Ford refused to buy the name for about US$10,000 from Krupp at the time. Kreidler, a manufacturer of mopeds, also used the name, so Mustang was sold in Germany as the "T-5" until December 1978.

Mustangs grew larger and heavier with each model year until, in response to the 1971–1973 models, Ford returned the car to its original size and concept for 1974. It has since seen several platform generations and designs. Although some other pony cars have seen a revival, the Mustang is the only original pony car to remain in uninterrupted production over five decades of development and revision.[18]

First generation (1964–1973)

Main article: Ford Mustang (first generation)
1964 Mustang convertible

As Lee Iacocca's assistant general manager and chief engineer, Donald N. Frey was the head engineer for the T-5 project—supervising the overall development of the car in a record 18 months[19]—while Iacocca himself championed the project as Ford Division general manager. The T-5 prototype was a two-seat, mid-mounted engine roadster. This vehicle employed the German Ford Taunus V4 engine and was very similar in appearance to the much later Pontiac Fiero.

It was claimed that the decision to abandon the two-seat design was in part due to the low sales experienced with the 2-seat 1955 Thunderbird. To broaden market appeal it was later remodeled as a four-seat car (with full space for the front bucket seats, as originally planned, and a rear bench seat with significantly less space than was common at the time). A "Fastback 2+2" model traded the conventional trunk space for increased interior volume as well as giving exterior lines similar to those of the second series of the Corvette Sting Ray and European sports cars such as the Jaguar E-Type. The "Fastback 2+2" was not available as a 1964½ model, but was first manufactured on August 17, 1964.

The new design was styled under the direction of Project Design Chief Joe Oros and his team of L. David Ash, Gale Halderman, and John Foster[20][21]—in Ford's Lincoln–Mercury Division design studios, which produced the winning design in an intramural design contest instigated by Iacocca.

Favorable publicity articles appeared in 2,600 newspapers the next morning, the day the car was "officially" revealed.[22][23] A Mustang also appeared in the James Bond film Goldfinger in September 1964.[24]

1967 Mustang fastback

To cut down the development cost and achieve a suggested retail price of US$2,368, the Mustang was based heavily on familiar yet simple components, many of which were already in production for other Ford models. Many (if not most) of the interior, chassis, suspension, and drivetrain components were derived from those used on Ford's Falcon and Fairlane. This use of common components also shortened the learning curve for assembly and repair workers, while at the same time allowing dealers to pick up the Mustang without also having to spend massive amounts of money on spare parts inventories to support the new car line.

Original sales forecasts projected less than 100,000 units for the first year.[25] This mark was surpassed in three months from rollout.[26] Another 318,000 would be sold during the model year (a record),[27] and in its first eighteen months, more than one million Mustangs were built.[25] Several changes were made at the traditional opening of the new model year (beginning August 1964), including the addition of back-up lights on some models, the introduction of alternators to replace generators, and an upgrade of the V8 engine from 260 cu in (4.3 L) to 289 cu in (4.7 L) displacement. In the case of at least some six-cylinder Mustangs fitted with the 101 hp (75 kW) 170 cu in (2.8 L) Falcon engine, the rush into production included some unusual quirks, such as the horn ring bearing the 'Ford Falcon' logo covered by a trim ring with a 'Ford Mustang' logo. These characteristics made enough difference to warrant designation of the 121,538 earlier ones as "1964½" model-year Mustangs, a distinction that has endured with purists.[28]

1969 Mustang hardtop

Ford's designers began drawing up larger versions even as the original was achieving sales success, and while "Iacocca later complained about the Mustang's growth, he did oversee the 1967 redesign.".[29] From 1967 until 1973, the Mustang got bigger but not necessarily more powerful.[30] The Mustang was facelifted, giving the Mustang a more massive look overall. Front and rear end styling was more pronounced, and the "twin cove" instrument panel offered a thicker crash pad, and larger gauges. Hardtop, fastback and convertible body styles continued as before. Federal safety features were standard that year, including an energy-absorbing steering column and wheel, 4-way emergency flashers, and softer interior knobs. The 1968 models received revised side scoops, steering wheel, and gasoline caps. Side marker lights were also added that year, and cars built after January 1, 1968 included shoulder belts for both front seats. The 1968 models also introduced a new 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 engine.

The 1969 restyle "added more heft to the body as width and length again increased. Weight went up markedly too."[31] Due to the larger body and revised front end styling, the 1969 models (but less so in 1970) had a notable aggressive stance. The 1969 models featured "quad headlamps" which disappeared to make way for a wider grille and a return to standard headlamps in the 1970 models. This switch back to standard headlamps was an attempt to tame the aggressive styling of the 1969 model, which some felt was too extreme and hurt its sales. It's worth noting though that 1969 sales exceeded those in 1970.[32][dead link] Starting in 1969, to aid sales and continue the winning formula of the Mustang, a variety of new performance and decorative options became available, including functional (and non-functional) air scoops, cable and pin hood tie downs, and both wing and chin spoilers. Additionally, a variety of performance packages were introduced to appeal to a wider audience, notably the Mach 1, the Boss 302, and Boss 429. The two Boss models were introduced to homologate the engines for racing but received fame on the street and to this day they still demand premium pricing for their pedigree. 1969 was the last year for the GT option. However, a fourth model available only as a hardtop, the Grande, (pronounced 'grund-ai') met a degree of success starting in 1969 with its soft ride, "luxurious" trim, 55 pounds (24.9 kg) of extra sound deadening, and simulated wood trim.

1971-2 Mustang coupe

Developed under the watch of "Bunkie" Knudsen, the Mustang evolved "from speed and power" to the growing consumer demand for bigger and heavier "luxury" type designs.[33] "The result were the styling misadventures of 1971–73 ... The Mustang grew fat and lazy,"[33] "Ford was out of the go-fast business almost entirely by 1971."[34] "This was the last major restyling of the first-generation Mustang."[35] "The cars grew in every dimension except height, and they gained about 800 pounds (363 kg)."[35] "The restyling also sought to create the illusion that the cars were even larger."[35] The 1971 Mustang was nearly 3 inches (76 mm) wider than the 1970, its front and rear track was also widened by 3 inches (76 mm), and its size was most evident in the SportsRoof models with its nearly flat rear roofline[36] and cramped interior with poor visibility for the driver.[37] Performance decreased with sales continuing to decrease[38] as consumers switched to the smaller Pintos and Mavericks. A displeased Iacocca summed up later: "The Mustang market never left us, we left it."[39]

Second generation (1974–1978)

Main article: Ford Mustang (second generation)
1974–1978 Mustang II

Lee Iacocca, who had been one of the forces behind the original Mustang, became President of Ford Motor Company in 1970 and ordered a smaller, more fuel-efficient Mustang for 1974. Initially it was to be based on the Ford Maverick, but ultimately was based on the Ford Pinto subcompact.

The new model, called the "Mustang II", was introduced two months before the first 1973 oil crisis, and its reduced size allowed it to compete against imported sports coupés such as the Japanese Toyota Celica and the European Ford Capri[citation needed] (then Ford-built in Germany and Britain, sold in U.S. by Mercury as a captive import car). First-year sales were 385,993 cars, compared with the original Mustang's twelve-month sales record of 418,812.[40]

Lee Iacocca wanted the new car, which returned the Mustang to its 1964 predecessor in size, shape, and overall styling,[41] to be finished to a high standard, saying it should be "a little jewel."[42] However not only was it smaller than the original car, but it was also heavier, owing to the addition of equipment needed to meet new U.S. emission and safety regulations. Performance was reduced, and despite the car's new handling and engineering features the galloping mustang emblem "became a less muscular steed that seemed to be cantering."[43]

The car was available in coupé and hatchback versions, including a "luxury" Ghia model designed by Ford's recently acquired Ghia of Italy. The coupe was marketed as the "Hardtop" but in fact had a thin "B" pillar and rear quarter windows that did not roll down. All Mustangs in this generation did feature frameless door glass, however. The "Ghia" featured a thickly padded vinyl roof and smaller rear quarter windows, giving a more formal look. Changes introduced in 1975 included reinstatement of the 302 CID V8 option (after being without a V8 option for the 1974 model year) and availability of an economy option called the "MPG Stallion". Other changes in appearance and performance came with a "Cobra II" version in 1976 & 1977 and a "King Cobra" in 1978.

Third generation (1979–1993)

Main article: Ford Mustang (third generation)
1985–1986 Ford Mustang GT

The 1979 Mustang was based on the longer Fox platform (initially developed for the 1978 Ford Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr). The interior was restyled to accommodate four people in comfort despite a smaller rear seat. Body styles included a coupé, (notchback), hatchback, and convertible. Available trim levels included L, GL, GLX, LX, GT, Turbo GT (1983–84), SVO (1984–86), Cobra (1979–81;1989–1993), Cobra R (1993), and Ghia.

The third generation mustang had two different body styles. From 1979 to 1986 the car had a triangle shaped front clip and four headlights, known by enthusiasts as "4 Eyes." Then in the 1987 to 1993 model years, the front clip had a more round shaping known as the "aero" style. Also in 1986, engines featured EFI (electronic fuel injection) instead of carburetors. Other changes for the 1986 models included an upgraded 8.8-inch (224 mm) rear-end with four shock absorbers.

In response to slumping sales and escalating fuel prices during the early 1980s, a new Mustang was in development. It was to be a variant of the Mazda MX-6 assembled at AutoAlliance International in Flat Rock, Michigan. Enthusiasts wrote to Ford objecting to the proposed change to a front-wheel drive, Japanese-designed Mustang without a V8 option. The result was a major facelift of the existing Mustang in 1987, while the MX-6 variant became the 1989 Ford Probe.

Fourth generation (1994–2004)

Main article: Ford Mustang (fourth generation)
2002 Ford Mustang convertible

In autumn 1993 the Mustang underwent its first major redesign in fifteen years. Code-named "SN-95" by the automaker for 1994-1998, it was based on an updated version of the rear-wheel drive Fox platform called "Fox-4." which was the name for the "new edge" body style car 1999-2004. The new styling by Patrick Schiavone incorporated several styling cues from earlier Mustangs.[44] For the first time since 1974, a hatchback coupe model was unavailable.

This generation was the first one to be officially sold in Australia by Ford Australia. Due to the fact that this iteration was never designed for right-hand-drive, Ford Australia contracted Tickford to individually convert 250 Mustangs and modify them to meet Australian Design Rules.[45]

The base model came with a 3.8 OHV V6 (232 cid) engine rated at 145 bhp (108 kW) in 1994 and 1995, or 150 bhp (110 kW) (1996–1998), and was mated to a standard 5-speed manual transmission or optional 4-speed automatic. Though initially used in the 1994 and 1995 Mustang GT and Cobra, Ford retired the 302 cid pushrod small-block V8 after nearly 30 years of use, replacing it with the newer Modular 4.6 L (281 cid) SOHC V8 in the 1996 Mustang GT. The 4.6 L V8 was initially rated at 215 bhp (160 kW), 1996–1997, but was later increased to 225 bhp (168 kW) in 1998.[46]

For 1999, the Mustang received Ford's New Edge styling theme with sharper contours, larger wheel arches, and creases in its bodywork, but its basic proportions, interior design, and chassis remained the same as the previous model. The Mustang's powertrains were carried over for 1999, but benefited from new improvements. The standard 3.8 L V6 had a new split-port induction system, and was rated at 190 bhp (140 kW) 1999–2004, In 2001 the bhp was increased to 193.[47] while the Mustang GT's 4.6 L V8 saw an increase in output to 260 bhp (190 kW) (1999–2004), due to a new head design and other enhancements. There were also three alternate models offered in this generation: the 2001 Bullitt, the 2003 and 2004 Mach 1, as well as the 320 bhp (240 kW) 1999 and 2001,[48][49] and 390 bhp (290 kW) 2003 and 2004[50] Cobra.

Fifth generation (2005–2014)

Main article: Ford Mustang (fifth generation)
2007–2009 Ford Mustang GT/CS convertible
2010 Ford Mustang GT
2014 Mustang Convertible


Ford introduced a redesigned 2005 model year Mustang at the 2004 North American International Auto Show, codenamed "S-197," that was based on the new D2C platform. Developed under the direction of Chief Engineer Hau Thai-Tang and exterior styling designer Sid Ramnarace,[51] the fifth-generation Mustang's styling echoes the fastback Mustang models of the late-1960s. Ford's senior vice president of design, J Mays, called it "retro-futurism." The fifth-generation Mustang is manufactured at the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan.

For the 2005 to 2010 production years, the base model was powered by a 210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS) cast-iron block 4.0 L SOHC V6, while the GT used an aluminum block 4.6 L SOHC 3-valve Modular V8 with variable camshaft timing (VCT) that produced 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS). Base models had a Tremec 3650 5-speed manual transmission with Ford's 5R55S 5-speed automatic being optional. Automatic GTs also featured this, but manual GTs had the Tremec TR-3650 5-speed.[52]

The 2010 model year Mustang was released in the spring of 2009 with a redesigned exterior and a reduced drag coefficient of 4% on base models and 7% on GT models.[53] The engine for base Mustangs remained unchanged, while GTs 4.6 L V8 was revised resulting in 315 hp (235 kW; 319 PS) at 6000 rpm and 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m) of torque at 4255 rpm.[54] Other mechanical features included new spring rates and dampers, traction and stability control system standard on all models, and new wheel sizes.

Engines were revised for 2011, and transmission options included the Getrag-Ford MT82 6-speed manual or the 6R80 6-speed automatic based on the ZF 6HP26 transmission licensed for production by Ford. Electric power steering replaced the conventional hydraulic version. A new 3.72 L (227 cu. in.) aluminum block V6 engine weighed 40 lb (18 kg) less than the previous version. With 24 valves and Twin Independent Variable Cam Timing (TiVCT), it produced 305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS) and 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) of torque. The 3.7 L engine came with a new dual exhaust; gasoline mileage increased to 19 city/31 highway mpg.[3]. GT models included a 32-valve 5.0 L engine (4951cc or 302.13 cu. in.) (also referred to as the "Coyote".) producing 412 hp and 390 ft-lbs of torque. Brembo brakes are optional along with 19-inch wheels and performance tires.[55]

The Shelby GT500's 5.4 L supercharged V8 block was made of aluminum making it 102 lb (46 kg) lighter than the iron units in previous years. It was rated at 550 hp (410 kW; 558 PS) and 510 lb⋅ft (690 N⋅m) of torque.[56]

For 2012, a new Mustang Boss 302 version was introduced. The engine had 444 hp (331 kW; 450 PS) and 380 lb⋅ft (520 N⋅m) of torque. A "Laguna Seca" edition was also available.

In spring 2012, Ford launched an update to the Mustang line as an early 2013 model. The Shelby GT500 has a new 5.8 L supercharged V8 producing 662 hp (494 kW; 671 PS). Shelby and Boss engines came with a six-speed manual transmission. The GT and V6 models revised styling incorporated the grille and air intakes from the 2010–2011 GT500. The GT's 5.0 liter V8 gained eight horsepower from 412 hp (307 kW; 418 PS) to 420 hp (313 kW; 426 PS).

Sixth generation (2015-)

Main article: Ford Mustang (sixth generation)
2015 Ford Mustang

The sixth generation Mustang was unveiled on December 5, 2013, in Dearborn, Michigan; New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; Barcelona, Spain, Shanghai, China; and Sydney, Australia.[57]

Changes include widened body by 1.5 inches, 1.4 inches lower body, trapezoidal grille, and a 2.75-inch lower decklid, as well as new colors. The passenger volume is increased to 84.5 cubic feet, and there are three engines: 2.3 L EcoBoost four-cylinder, 3.7 L 305 hp V6, or 5.0 L Coyote V8, with either a Getrag six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission with paddle shifters.[58][59][60]

The 2015 Mustang will feature a new independent rear suspension (IRS) system, developed specifically for the new model.[61]

The 2015 model year Mustang is scheduled to be in showrooms by November 2014.[62]

Racing

The Mustang made its first public appearance on a racetrack little more than a month after its April 17 introduction, as pace car for the 1964 Indianapolis 500.[12]

The same year, Mustangs achieved the first of many notable competition successes, winning first and second in class in the Tour de France international rally. The car's American competition debut, also in 1964, was in drag racing, where private individuals and dealer-sponsored teams campaigned Mustangs powered by 427 cu. in. V8s.

In late 1964, Ford contracted Holman & Moody to prepare ten 427-powered Mustangs to contest the National Hot Rod Association's (NHRA) A/Factory Experimental class in the 1965 drag racing season. Five of these special Mustangs made their competition debut at the 1965 NHRA Winternationals, where they qualified in the Factory Stock Eliminator class. The car driven by Bill Lawton won the class.[63]

A decade later Bob Glidden won the Mustang's first NHRA Pro Stock title.

Early Mustangs also proved successful in road racing. The GT 350 R, the race version of the Shelby GT 350, won five of the Sports Car Club of America's (SCCA) six divisions in 1965. Drivers were Jerry Titus, Bob Johnson and Mark Donohue, and Titus won the (SCCA) B-Production national championship. GT 350s won the B-Production title again in 1966 and 1967. They also won the 1966 manufacturers’ championship in the inaugural SCCA Trans-Am series, and repeated the win the following year.[12]

In 1969, modified versions of the 428 Mach 1, Boss 429 and Boss 302 took 295 United States Auto Club-certified records at Bonneville Salt Flats. The outing included a 24-hour run on a 10-mile (16 km) course at an average speed of 157 mph (253 km/h). Drivers were Mickey Thompson, Danny Ongais, Ray Brock, and Bob Ottum.[12]

In 1970, Mustang won the SCCA Trans-Am series manufacturers’ championship again, with Parnelli Jones and George Follmer driving for car owner/builder Bud Moore and crew chief Lanky Foushee. Jones won the "unofficial" drivers’ title.

Two years later Dick Trickle won 67 short-track oval feature races, a national record for wins in a single season.

In 1975 Ron Smaldone's Mustang became the first-ever American car to win the Showroom Stock national championship in SCCA road racing.

Mustangs also competed in the IMSA GTO class, with wins in 1984 and 1985. In 1985 John Jones also won the 1985 GTO drivers’ championship; Wally Dallenbach Jr., John Jones and Doc Bundy won the GTO class at the Daytona 24 Hours; and Ford won its first manufacturers’ championship in road racing since 1970. Three class wins went to Lynn St. James, the first woman to win in the series.

1986 brought eight more GTO wins and another manufacturers’ title. Scott Pruett won the drivers’ championship. The GT Endurance Championship also went to Ford.

In drag racing Rickie Smith's Motorcraft Mustang won the International Hot Rod Association Pro Stock world championship.

In 1987 Saleen Autosport Mustangs driven by Steve Saleen and Rick Titus won the SCCA Escort Endurance SSGT championship, and in International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) racing a Mustang again won the GTO class in the Daytona 24 hours. In 1989, its silver anniversary year, the Mustang won Ford its first Trans-Am manufacturers’ title since 1970, with Dorsey Schroeder winning the drivers’ championship.[64]

In 1997, Tommy Kendall’s Roush-prepared Mustang won a record 11 consecutive races in Trans-Am to secure his third straight driver's championship.....

In 2002 John Force broke his own NHRA drag racing record by winning his 12th national championship in his Ford Mustang Funny Car, Force beat that record again in 2006, becoming the first ever 14-time champion, again, driving a Mustang.[12]

Currently Mustangs compete in the Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge (formerly known as the KONI Challenge), where they have won the manufacturer's title in 2005 and 2008, and the Canada Drift, Formula Drift and D1 Grand Prix series. They are highly competitive in the SCCA World Challenge, with Brandon Davis winning the 2009 GT driver's championship. Mustangs competed in the now-defunct Grand-Am Road Racing Ford Racing Mustang Challenge for the Miller Cup series as well.

Ford has been successful in the Grand-Am Road Racing Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge winning championships in 2005, 2008, and 2009 with the Mustang FR500C and GT models. In 2004, Ford Racing retained Multimatic to design, engineer, build and race the Mustang FR500C turn-key race car. Multimatic Motorsports won the championship in 2005 with Scott Maxwell and David Empringham taking the driver's title. In 2010, Ford Racing contracted Multimatic again to design, engineer, develop and race the next generation of Mustang race car, known as the Boss 302R. With any new race car, it had various kinks and bugs to work through. The new Mustang Boss 302R achieved numerous pole positions, however reliability hampered race results. The following season the Mustang Boss 302R took its maiden victory at Barber Motorsports Park in early 2011. Multimatic Motorsports drivers Scott Maxwell and Joe Foster brought home the win for Ford.

In 2010 the Ford Mustang became Ford's Car of Tomorrow for the NASCAR Nationwide Series with full-time racing of the Mustang beginning 2011. This opened a new chapter in both Mustang's history and Ford's history. NASCAR insiders expect to see Mustang racing in NASCAR Sprint Cup by 2014 (the model's 50th anniversary). Unlike other racing series, the NASCAR vehicles are not based on production Mustangs, but are a silhouette racing car with decals that give them a superficial resemblance to the production road cars. Carl Edwards won the first ever race with a NASCAR prepped Mustang on April 8, 2011 at the Texas Motor Speedway.

Ford Mustangs compete in the FIA GT3 European Championship, and compete in the GT4 European Cup and other sports car races such as the 24 Hours of Spa. The Marc VDS Racing Team has been developing the GT3 spec Mustang since 2010.[65] The car has most recently competed in the 2011 24 hours of Spa.

In 2012, Jack Roush won the Daytona International Speedway's opening race of the 50th Anniversary Rolex 24 At Daytona weekend in a Mustang Boss 302R. Leading the Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge's final 18 laps, Johnson held off a veritable conga line of six BMW M3's behind as he closed on the driving pair's first win of 2012 in the BMW Performance 200 at Daytona.[66]

Awards

2005 Canadian Car of the Year

The 1965 Mustang won the Tiffany Gold Medal for excellence in American design, the first automobile ever to do so.

The Mustang was on the Car and Driver Ten Best list in 1983, 1987, 1988, 2005, 2006, and 2011. It won the Motor Trend Car of the Year award in 1974 and 1994.

In 2005 it was runner-up to the Chrysler 300 for the North American Car of the Year award and was named Canadian Car of the Year.[67]

Sales

Model Year American sales
1964 1/2 121,538[68][failed verification]
1965 559,451[69]
1966 607,568[70]
1967 472,121[71]
1968 317,404[72]
1995 136,962[73]
1996 122,674
1997 116,610
1998 144,732
1999 166,915[74]
2000 113,369
2001 169,198[75]
2002 138,356[76]
2003 140,350
2004 129,858[77]
2005 160,975
2006 166,530[78]
2007 134,626
2008 91,251[79]
2009 66,623[80]
2010 73,716[81]
2011 70,438[82]
2012 82,995[83]
2013 77,186[84]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Iacocca, Lee (1969). "VI". Iacocca: An Autobiography. Bantam. ISBN 978-0-553-25147-0.
  2. ^ Flory, J. Kelly (2004). American Cars, 1960–1972: Every Model, Year by Year. McFarland. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-7864-1273-0.
  3. ^ Hinckley, Jim; Robinson, Jon G. (2005). The Big Book of Car Culture. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-7603-1965-9. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  4. ^ Mueller, Mike (1997). Ford Mustang. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-87938-990-1.
  5. ^ Young, Anthony (2004). Camaro. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7603-1932-1.
  6. ^ "Dick Teague". Automobile Quarterly. 30 (2): 15. 1992.
  7. ^ Zazarine, Paul (2002). Barracuda and Challenger. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-87938-538-5.
  8. ^ Sessler, Peter C. (2002). Mustang: 1964½–2003. MBI Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7603-1373-2. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  9. ^ Corcoran, Tom (1994). Mustang 1964½–1968. MBI Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-87938-630-6. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  10. ^ Diamond, Jay; Pintel, Gerald (1991). Principles of marketing. Prentice Hall. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-13-714668-0.
  11. ^ Phil Patton[dead link] "The Car of the Year (And a Half)," American Heritage, Oct. 2006.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Mustang Racing History", Ford Corporate Media website[dead link]. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
  13. ^ Bakken, Douglas A.; Crippen, David R. (1981 and 1984). "Automotive Design Oral History Project: Remembering John Najjar". University of Michigan. p. 3. Retrieved 22 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Witzenburg, Gary (April 1984) "The Name Game", Motor Trend, p. 86.
  15. ^ Eggert, James; Hanh, Thich Nhat; McKibben, Bill (2009). Meadowlark Economics: Collected Essays on Ecology, Community, and Spirituality. North Atlantic Books. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-1-55643-767-0. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  16. ^ Kate Pierce, "Name That Car," (Automotive, May 26, 1994), page C.
  17. ^ Witzenburg, p.86.
  18. ^ "Mustang Ready For the Pony Car War "Mustang is the only one of the original pony cars from the 1960s to live on into the 21st century with no interruption in production."". Media.ford.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.[dead link]
  19. ^ "The Thinker (Detroit Style)". Time. 21 April 1967. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  20. ^ "1962 Mustang Designed by David Ashf". Midcomustang.com.[dead link]
  21. ^ Rohrlich, Marianne (May 11, 2006). "Belatedly, Stardom Finds a 20th-Century Master". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
  22. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (4 February 2007). "1965 1966 Ford Mustang". Retrieved 27 April 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  23. ^ "Innovative Marketing and PR Helped Build the Mustang Legend" (Press release). Ford Motor Company Media. Retrieved 27 April 2012.[dead link]
  24. ^ "Goldfinger (1964) Did You Know?". imdb.com. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  25. ^ a b Mueller, Mike (2000). Mustang 1964½–1973. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7603-0734-2. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  26. ^ Flory, pp. 367–8.
  27. ^ Flory, p. 368.
  28. ^ "The Great Mustang Debate: 1964 or 1965". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  29. ^ Mueller, p. 59.
  30. ^ Portman, Michael (2011). Mustangs. Gareth Stevens. ISBN 1-4339-4754-4. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  31. ^ Mueller, p. 59.
  32. ^ "Mustang - Production Numbers". Fast_wheels.tripod.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  33. ^ a b Taylor, Don; Wilson, Tom (1987). Mustang Restoration Handbook. Penguin Group. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-89586-402-4. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  34. ^ Mueller, p. 61.
  35. ^ a b c Sessler, Peter C.; Sessler, Nilda (2006). Ford Mustang Buyer's and Restoration Guide. Sams Technical Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-7906-1326-0. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  36. ^ Mueller. p. 62.
  37. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (11 February 2007). "Criticism of the 1971 Ford Mustang". howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 27 April 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  38. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (11 February 2007). "The 1972 Ford Mustang". howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 27 April 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  39. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (11 February 2007). "The 1973 Ford Mustang". howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 27 April 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (February 15, 2007). "1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 Ford Mustang Overview". Retrieved July 8, 2010. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  41. ^ Witzenburg, Gary L. (1999). Mustang!: The Complete History of America's Pioneer Ponycar. Automobile Quarterly Publications. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-915038-25-1.
  42. ^ "The 1974 Ford Mustang: The Winning Design" 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Ford Mustang by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, February 15, 2007, retrieved on August 17, 2008.
  43. ^ "1974 Ford Mustang Engines and Options" 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Ford Mustang by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, February 15, 2007, retrieved on August 17, 2008.
  44. ^ "1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Ford Mustang Overview" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, February 23, 2007, retrieved on January 1, 2010.
  45. ^ "What it took for Ford to Australian-ise the Mustang 24/10/00". Fastlane.com.au. Retrieved 2010-08-19.[dead link]
  46. ^ "The 1996 Ford Mustang" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, February 23, 2007, retrieved on January 1, 2010.
  47. ^ "The 1999 Ford Mustang Chassis and Engines" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, February 27, 2007, retrieved on April 25, 2010.
  48. ^ "First Drive: 2001 Ford SVT Mustang Cobra". Insideline.com. February 20, 2001. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  49. ^ "2002 Mustang Cobra". Mustangevolution.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  50. ^ "2003 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra – First Drive & Road Test Review". Motor Trend. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  51. ^ Neil, Dan (January 23, 2009). "2010 Ford Mustang GT: Embracing the spirit of change". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  52. ^ Ford Motor Company. 2005 Mustang[dead link]. Ford Media. 2005.
  53. ^ "2010 Mustang Steering and Suspension"[dead link]. Ford Media. 2008.
  54. ^ Ford Motor Company."2010 Mustang Technical Specifications"[dead link]. Ford Media. 2008.
  55. ^ James (May 16, 2010). "JET Auto Source". Jautosource.blogspot.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  56. ^ Auto Fans."2011 Ford Shelby GT500".
  57. ^ Miersma, Seyth (November 19, 2013). "2015 Ford Mustang to make world debut on Dec. 5". autoblog.com. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  58. ^ Vettraino, J.P. (December 9, 2013). "The World's 'Stang". Autoweek: 24–29.
  59. ^ Turkus, Brandon (December 5, 2013). "2015 Ford Mustang GT". autoblog.com. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  60. ^ "2015 Ford Mustang USA Specifications" (PDF) (Press release). media.ford. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  61. ^ "Ford Mustang remains All-American". GoAuto. 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  62. ^ [1]; YouTube; Published on Dec 29, 2013; '50 Years of Mustang with Lee Iacocca - Jay Leno's Garage'; per Guest Dave Pericak (Mustang Chief Engineer, Ford Motor Company)
  63. ^ Morris, Charlie. "Ford's 1965 Factory Experimental Mustangs", Car Tech Inc. website, undated article[dead link]. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.
  64. ^ Mustang 5.0 and 4.6, 1979–1998 By Matthew L. Stone
  65. ^ "560hp Ford Mustang". YouTube. 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
  66. ^ "Grand Am won by Mustang". themustangnews. 2012-01-30.
  67. ^ "Ford Motor Company – Featured Story – Ford Mustang is Named 2005 Canadian Car of the Year". Media.ford.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.[dead link]
  68. ^ "View source for Ford Mustang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". wiki.riteme.site. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  69. ^ "1965 Mustang History - Ford Mustang Timeline". Themustangsource.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  70. ^ "1966 Mustang History - Ford Mustang Timeline". Themustangsource.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  71. ^ "Timeline: 1967 Mustang". The Mustang Source. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  72. ^ "Timeline: 1968 Mustang". The Mustang Source. 2010. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  73. ^ "Ford Revitalization Plan for its operation in North America with the annual income goal of USD 7 bil". Marklines.com. 2002-01-11. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  74. ^ "Ford Motor Company Sets New Full Year U.S. Sales Record". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  75. ^ "Ford Motor Company's December U.S. Sales Climb 8.2 Percent" (PDF) (Press release). Ford Media Information Center. January 3, 2003. Retrieved June 3, 2011.[dead link]
  76. ^ "Ford's F-Series Truck Caps 22nd Year in a Row as America's Best-Selling Vehicle With a December Sales Record". Theautochannel.com. November 17, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  77. ^ "Ford Achieves First Car Sales Increase Since 1999". Theautochannel.com. November 17, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  78. ^ "Ford Motor Company 2007 sales". January 3, 2008.[dead link]
  79. ^ "F-Series drives ford to higher market share for third consecutive month" (PDF). Ford Motor Company. January 5, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2009.[dead link]
  80. ^ Ford Motor Company Newsroom (January 5, 2010). "Ford caps 2009 with 33 percent sales increase, first full-year market share gain since 1995". Media.ford.com. Retrieved September 18, 2010. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)[dead link]
  81. ^ Ford Motor Company Newsroom (January 4, 2011). "Ford's 2010 sales" (PDF). Media.ford.com. Retrieved January 4, 2011. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)[dead link]
  82. ^ [2][dead link]
  83. ^ Timmins, Ben (3 January 2013). "Ford Motor Company Posts 2,250,165 Sales in 2012; Focus, F-Series Post Big Gains". Wot.motortrend.com. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  84. ^ "Ford Motor Company Delivers Best Sales Year Since 2006" (PDF). Media.ford.com. 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-06.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford Mustang.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Ford_Mustang&oldid=601460365"