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A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero, real, fictional, or mythological. The single salient characteristic which makes a character a folk hero is the imprinting of the name, personality and deeds of the character in the popular consciousness. This presence in the popular consciousness is evidenced by mention in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore. Folk heroes are also the subject of literature and some films.

Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, photographed by Alberto Korda in 1961

Although some folk heroes are historical public figures, they generally are not. Because the lives of folk heroes are generally not based on historical documents, the characteristics and deeds of a folk hero are often exaggerated to mythic proportions.

The folk hero often begins life as a normal person, but is transformed into someone extraordinary by significant life events, often in response to social injustice, and sometimes in response to natural disasters.

One major category of folk hero is the defender of the common people against the oppression or corruption of the established power structure. Members of this category of folk hero often, but not necessarily, live outside the law in some way.

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 One major category of folk hero is the defender of the common people against the oppression or corruption of the established power structure.  Members of this category of folk hero often, but not necessarily, live [[outlaw|outside the law]] in some way.
-==Historically documented folk heroes==
-* [[Johnny Appleseed]] – United States, he introduced the apple to large parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
-* [[Arminius]] – Germany, was a chieftain of the [[Cherusci|Cheruski]] who defeated the Roman army at the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]]
-* [[Dokubo-Asari]] - Nigeria, a political figure who currently fights against western oil companies in the [[Niger Delta]]
-* [[Billy the Kid]] – United States, a 19th-century American frontier outlaw and gunman
-* [[Black Hawk (chief)|Black Hawk]] – Midwestern United States, a Sauk Indian warrior who resisted white settlement
-* [[Sitting Bull]] – shaman leader of the [[Hunkpapa]] Lakota
-* [[Bonnie and Clyde]] – United States, bank robbers who evaded retribution in the 1930s
-* [[Boudica]] - Great Britain, warrior queen who led an uprising against the [[Roman Britain|Roman Empire in Britain]]
-* [[Daniel Boone]] – United States, an American [[Settler|pioneer]] in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
-* [[Brian Boru]] – Ireland, [[High King of Ireland]] who "drove the Danes out of Ireland" at the [[Battle of Clontarf]].
-* [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] – United States, attempted to lead a slave revolt in the south by [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry|raiding Harper's Ferry]], helped spark the [[American Civil War]].
-* [[Calamity Jane]] – United States, a tough Wild West woman
-* [[Lady of Ch'iao Kuo]] – China, warrior, politician, queen of the Hsien
-* [[Joseph Cinqué]] – [[West African]] man of the [[Mende people|Mende]] tribe, leader of the [[La Amistad|Amistad]] slave rebellion.
-* [[Gajah Mada]] - [[Indonesia]], Unify the Southeast Asian archipelago of [[Nusantara]] in the 13th century for [[Majapahit]].
-* [[Gregorio Cortez]] – Mexican-American folk hero
-* [[Carmine Crocco]] – Italy, shepherd, fought the bourgeois liberals and the [[Royal Italian Army]] after the [[Italian unification]].
-* [[Davy Crockett]] – United States, an Indian-fighter, Congressman, and died as a hero fighting in the Alamo
-* [[Nils Dacke]] – Sweden, leader of a 16th-century peasant revolt
-* [[Zerai Deres]] – Eritrea, Eritrean-born man lionized for his act of vengeance against the Italian Fascists in Rome during an imperial celebration
-* [[Anton Docher]] - United States, Roman Catholic missionary and defender of the native Americans in [[New Mexico]], he fought for five years in the French colonial army
-* [[Pier Gerlofs Donia]] – [[Frisia]], legendary giant warrior, freedom fighter and leader of the [[Arumer Zwarte Hoop]]
-* [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] – The founder of the [[Afghan]] [[Durrani Empire]]
-* [[Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson]] – Sweden, rebel and temporary regent in the 15th century
-* [[Guy Fawkes]] – Roman Catholic restorationist from England who planned the [[Gunpowder Plot]]
-* [[Mike Fink]] – United States, the toughest boatman on the Mississippi River and a rival of Davy Crockett
-* [[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]] - First [[President of Paraguay|consul]] of [[Paraguay]]
-* [[Eppelein von Gailingen]] – Germany, [[robber baron]]
-* [[Geronimo]] – United States, Apache warrior, fought United States army for years defending his people and homeland
-* [[Lazar Hrebeljanovic]] – Serbian, ruler of Moravian Serbia, who fought and perished at the Battle of Kosovo, to which his name and life are inextricably tied.
-* [[Genghis Khan]] – Mongolian ruler of the Steppe during 13th century, founder of the Mongolian empire
-* [[Owain Glyndŵr]] - [[Wales]], nobleman who led a rebellion against the [[Kingdom of England]]
-* [[Tomoe Gozen]] – Japan, female samurai warrior
-* [[Husein Gradaščević]] – Bosnia, called "Dragon of Bosnia", led the resistance of Bosnians and uprising for autonomy of Bosnia against the Ottoman Empire
-* [[Che Guevara]] –  Argentine Marxist revolutionary, politician, author, physician, military theorist, and guerrilla leader.
-* [[Nathan Hale]] – United States, a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
-* [[Simo Häyhä]] – A legendary Finnish sharpshooter in the [[Winter War]] with 505 confirmed kills
-* [[Wild Bill Hickok]] – United States, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, scout, Civil War soldier, stage coach driver, performer, abolitionist
-* [[Piet Pieterszoon Hein|Piet Hein]] – Netherlands, captured the Spanish treasure fleet
-* [[Hone Heke]] – Māori chief who chopped down British flagpole three times
-* [[Joe Hill]] – United States, union leader and songwriter wrongfully convicted of murder in 1915
-* [[Andreas Hofer]] – Austrian and particularly [[Tyrol (state)|Tirol]]ian hero who resisted the Bavarians and Napoleon
-* [[Ishikawa Goemon]] – Japan, bandit hero notorious for robbing the rich and giving to the poor, though some accounts suggest he may have kept much of his ill-gotten gains. Before being boiled in oil, he saved his infant son at the cost of his own life.
-* [[Jesse James]] – A [[Wild West]] outlaw who supposedly robbed from the rich and gave to the poor (in reality his crimes only profited himself and his gang).
-* [[Juraj Jánošík]] – Slovakia and Poland, outlaw living in the Tatra mountains, defending Carpathian peasants from the tyranny of Hungarian landlords
-* [[Casey Jones]] – United States, railroad engineer who remained in his locomotive and died in a collision while braking in order to save his passengers and sounding the whistle to warn the crew of the other train
-* [[Leper War on Kauaʻi|Kaluaiko'olau]] – United States - Hawaiian who evaded deportation for leprosy by hiding in the Hawaiian rain forests<ref>[http://starbulletin.com/96/07/25/features/story3.html About Kaluaiko'olau]{{Dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref>
-* [[Pemulway|<nowiki/>]][[Pemulwuy|Pemul]][[Pemulwuy|wuy]] - Australia, an aboriginal resistance leader.
-* [[Ustym Karmaliuk]] – Ukrainian counterpart of Robin Hood, who led a peasant rebellion
-* [[Ned Kelly]] – Australia, Bush ranger and Leader of the 'Kelly Gang,' most famous for crafting bullet proof armor.
-* [[Martin Krpan]] – Slovene smuggler, strongman
-* [[Lam Sai-wing]] – China, martial artist and student of Wong Fei Hung
-* [[Ten Tigers of Canton]] – China, group of ten fighters in [[southern China]]
-* [[Lampião]] – outlaw, leader of a [[Cangaço]] band in Northeast Brazil
-* [[Abraham Lincoln]] – President of the United States during the Civil War
-* [[Francisco Solano López]] - President of [[Paraguay]] during the [[Paraguayan War]]
-* [[Ned Ludd]] – Britain, leader of the Luddites in the 1810s
-* [[Louis Mandrin]] - France, bandit of the 18th century liked by the population because he attacked the tax collectors
-* [[Prince Marko]] – Serbia and Bulgaria, a Macedonian prince during Ottoman rule, known for opposing the conquerors in his sovereign lands, and a source of many epic poems
-* [[Jack Mary Ann]] – a folk hero from the Wrexham area of north Wales whose fictionalised exploits continue to circulate in local folklore.
-* [[James Mckenzie (outlaw)|James Mckenzie]] – New Zealand, outlaw and inspiration to landless immigrants in early colonial New Zealand
-* [[Juan Moreira]] - Legendary Argentine outlaw, famed as a skillful knife fighter he is considered one of the most important figures in Argentine history
-* [[Maharana Pratap]] – India, a 16th-century Hindu ruler and [[Rajput]] hero
-* [[Miyamoto Musashi]] – Japan, a skilled swordsman, soldier, philosopher and author
-* [[Miloš Obilić]] – A Serbian knight from [[Zeta]] who killed the Ottoman ruler Sultan [[Murad I]] in the [[Battle of Kosovo]], 1389
-* [[Redmond O'Hanlon (outlaw)|Redmond O'Hanlon]] – Irish, [[rapparee]] of the 17th century
-* [[Philippe Petit]] – Tightrope artist who walked between the two towers of the World Trade Center
-* [[Pazhassi Raja]] – India, fought against British Raj in south India (Kerala) with guerrilla war tactics
-* [[Louis Riel]] – Canada, founder of Manitoba, led two rebellions against the Dominion of Canada
-* [[Dorus Rijkers]] – the Netherlands, sailor and savior of over 500 men, women and children as the captain of a rescue-boat, in the late 19th century and the early 20th century
-* [[Mir Chakar Rind]] - Pakistan, a 15th-century [[Baloch people|Baloch]] chieftain and folklore hero found in the [[Hani and Sheh Mureed]] tale
-* [[José Rizal]] – Philippines, a critic of the Spanish Colonizers, was gun-fired by his executioners in Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park)
-* [[Robert Roy MacGregor|Rob Roy]] – Scotland, outlaw whose word was his bond
-* [[Juan Santamaría]] – Costa Rican national hero
-* [[Sarutobi Sasuke]] – Japan, incredibly acrobatic spy said to have been raised by monkeys and trained in the [[Ninja]] heartland of [[Iga Province|Iga]] and [[Kōka, Shiga|Koga]] provinces during the golden age of the Ninja.
-* [[Laura Secord]] – Canada, heroine of the War of 1812
-* [[Daniel Shays]] – An American farmer who led [[Shays' Rebellion]] in the late 18th century over debt and taxes
-* [[Skanderbeg]] – Albanian national hero who led the resistance of Albanian people against the Ottoman Empire
-* [[Soapy Smith]] – Infamous 19th-century Colorado and Alaska bad man.
-* [[The Smith of Kochel]] – Germany, a well-known national hero, especially in Bavaria
-* [[Spartacus]] – Thracean [[gladiator]] led the largest slave revolt against the Roman Republic
-* [[Tipu Sultan]] – Indian, a Muslim who fought and defeated the British in the Mysore wars
-* [[Ivan Susanin]] – Russian peasant who saved the tsar in the early 17th century's [[Time of Troubles]]
-* [[Tamanend]] – United States, an Indian chief who became the source of many folk legends during the American Revolutionary War
-* [[Yermak Timofeyevich]] – Russian Cossack leader who began the [[Russian conquest of Siberia]]
-* [[Joseph Trumpeldor]] – Israel, leader of the Jewish forces at [[Tel Hai]]
-* [[Nat Turner]] – Leader of [[Nat Turner's Rebellion]] (also known as the Southampton Insurrection), a slave rebellion that took place in [[Southampton County, Virginia]] in August 1831
-* [[Dick Turpin]] – England, highwayman
-* [[Vercingetorix]] - France, chief of the [[Arverni]] tribe, who united the Gauls in a revolt against Roman forces of Julius Caesar
-* [[Viriathus]] – Portugal, the leader of the freedom fighters of the confederated Iberian tribes who resisted colonial Rome
-* [[William Wallace]] – Scotland, knight who led a rebellion against England in the early 14th century
-* [[Wong Fei Hung]] – Chinese doctor, martial artist and revolutionary
-* [[Huo Yuanjia]] – [[Chinese martial art]]ist
-* [[Jan Žižka]] – Czech knight, commander of [[Hussite Wars|Hussite]] armies in 15th century
-* [[Mohamed Bouazizi]] - Tunisian fruit vendor who immolated himself in protest of government mistreatment and sparked a successful revolution in that country and the [[Arab Spring]]
-* [[Paul Revere]] - an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution whose 'Midnight Ride' warned of the arrival of the British.
-* [[Samuel Steele]] - Canada, an mountie who bring peace to Canada West, and the Yukon for laws and order.
-* [[Big Joe Mufferaw]]- Canada, a larger than life French Canadian woodsman took his life as a lumberjack in Ottawa.
-* [[Prince Marko]], Serbian king and ruler of [[Macedonia (historic region)|Macedonia]] was traditional protector of Christian people during [[Balkans under Ottoman rule#The Ottoman Empire (15th to 19th c.)|Ottoman]] rule of [[Balkans]].
-* [[Joan of Arc]]- A peasant girl who led the French in the [[Hundred Years' War]] after she claimed saints told her it was God's will. Burned as a heretic she became a martyr, folk hero, and eventually a saint. She is now one of the [[patron saint|patron saints]] of France.
-* [[Hekimoğlu]] Turkish folk hero who led a campaign against feudal lords.
-Beowulf -legendary geatish hero later turned king .
-==Possibly apocryphal folk heroes==
-* [[King Arthur]] - Legendary British warlord.
-* [[Cúchulainn]] - Ireland, folk legend and the pre-eminent hero of Ulaid in the Ulster Cycle
-* [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]] - Ireland, warrior, leader of the Fianna. Primary figure in the Oisin cycle.
-* [[Gerard Adriaan Heineken]] - Netherlands, making of the Heineken beer.
-* [[Till Eulenspiegel]] or Tijl Uilenspiegel - Germany and the Low Countries, trickster
-* [[Fong Sai-Yuk]] - China, martial arts folk hero
-* [[Grettir the Strong]]. [[Iceland]]ic outlaw
-* [[Homer]] - Credited author of ''[[The Iliad]]'' and ''[[The Odyssey]]''.
-* [[Hung Hei-Gun]] - China, martial arts folk hero
-* [[Nai Khanom Tom]] - Thailand, master of [[Muay Thai]]
-* [[John Henry (folklore)|John Henry]] - United States, mighty steel-driving African-American
-* [[Robin Hood]] - England, outlaw usually associated with the motto "Steal from the rich, give to the poor"
-* [[Rummu Jüri]] - Estonia, outlaw who stole from the rich to give to the poor
-* [[Sigurd|Siegfried]] - Germany, the legendary dragon-slaying hero in ''Nibelungenlied''
-* [[Hua Mulan]] -  China, heroine who disguised herself as a man in order to join an army
-* [[Molly Pitcher]] - United States, heroine of the American Revolutionary War
-* [[William Tell]] - Switzerland, began the rebellion against the Austrians
-==Folk heroes known to be fictional==
-* [[Pecos Bill]] - United States, giant cowboy who "tamed the wild west"
-* [[Paul Bunyan]] - United States, giant lumberjack of the North Woods
-* [[Febold Feboldson]] - United States, farmer who could fight a drought
-* [[Martín Fierro]] - Argentina, hero of the [[eponym]]ous poem by Jose Hernandez
-* [[Koba (folk hero)|Koba]] - Georgia, folk hero whose legend bears a resemblance to Robin Hood
-* [[Joe Magarac]] - United States, steelworker made of steel
-* [[Alfred Bulltop Stormalong]] - United States, immense sailor whose ship was so big it scraped the moon
-* [[Chen Zhen (fictional character)|陳真/Chen Zhen]] - China,Martial Artist who fought Japanese influence in [[Shanghai]]
 ==See also==