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Fitna

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Fitna or Fitnah may refer to:

  • Fitna (word), an Arabic term meaning 'trial' or 'civil strife'; also used for the following individual events:
    • First Fitna (656–661 CE), a war of succession in the Rashidun Caliphate between Ali and the Umayyads (and Aisha)
    • Second Fitna (c. 680/683–c. 685/692 CE), a war between the Umayyads and Ibn al-Zubayr
    • Third Fitna (744–750/752 CE), including the Umayyad civil wars and the Abbasid Revolution
    • Fourth Fitna (811–813/827 CE), including the civil war between caliph al-Amin and Crown prince al-Ma'mun and other regional conflicts
    • Fifth Fitna (865–866 CE), between caliphs al-Mu'tazz and al-Musta'in
    • Fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031 CE), in the Caliphate of Córdoba
  • Fitna (film), a 2008 short film by Geert Wilders
  • Fitnah (crater), on Saturn's moon Enceladus

See also

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