Finnish People's Democratic League: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox political party |
{{Infobox political party |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|lang1 = Finnish |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|name_lang1 = Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|lang2 = Swedish |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|name_lang2 = Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|logo = |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|colorcode = #FF4D00 |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|founded = {{Start date|1944|10|29}} |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|dissolved = 1990 |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|merged = [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]] |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|newspaper = [[Vapaa Sana]] 1944–1956<br />[[Kansan Uutiset]] 1957–1990 |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|ideology = [[Socialism]], [[Communism]], [[Marxism]], [[Taistoism]] |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|country = Finland |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|student_wing = [[Socialist Student League (Finland)|Socialist Student League]] |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525{{Infobox political party |
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|youth_wing = [[Left Youth (Finland)|Finnish Democratic Youth League]] |
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| sdfasdfasdfasdfasdfkljasdlkfjweiorjklasdfjlkasdfwioeur36904983623992.5efasdklf9jklf9j5lk529259klasdfjlk5as9djfw5io;aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa25252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525 |
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|wing1_title = Women's wing |
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|wing1 = [[Democratic Women's League of Finland]] |
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|wing2_title = Children's wing |
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|wing2 = [[Democratic Union of Finnish Pioneers]] |
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}} |
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'''Finnish People's Democratic League''' ({{lang-fi|Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto}}, SKDL; {{lang-sv|Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk}}, DFFF) was a [[Finland|Finnish]] political organisation with the aim of uniting those left of the Finnish [[Social Democratic Party (Finland)|Social Democratic Party]]. It was founded in 1944 as the [[anti-communism|anti-communist]] laws in Finland were repealed, and lasted until 1990, when it merged into the newly formed [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]]. At its time, SKDL was one of the largest [[leftist]] parties in [[Western Europe]], with its main member party, the [[Communist Party of Finland]], being one of the largest communist parties west of the [[Iron Curtain]]. The SKDL enjoyed its greatest electoral success in the [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1958|1958 parliamentary election]], when it gained a support of approximately 23 per cent and a representation of 50 [[Member of Parliament|MP]]s of 200 total, making it the largest party in the [[Eduskunta]]. |
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SKDL joined several [[Finnish Council of State|Finnish governments]]. The first SKDL minister was [[Yrjö Leino]] who took office in November 1944. After the [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1945|1945 parliamentary election]] SKDL was a major player in the Paasikivi III coalition with social democrats and parties of the centre, and in 1946 SKDL's [[Mauno Pekkala]] became the prime minister. The Pekkala government led the state until summer 1948, after which the SKDL didn't participate in any coalitions until 1966. The late 1960s governments, led by social democrats and including centre, were called [[popular front]] by the SKDL. The party left the government in spring 1971 but returned in 1975. [[Kalevi Sorsa]]'s third coalition was the last one SKDL was in, until December 1982. |
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==Organisation== |
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A person could be aligned to the SKDL through its basic organisations or as member of the "community members" which were the [[Communist Party of Finland]] (SKP), the [[Suomen naisten demokraattinen liitto|Democratic League of Finnish Women]] (1944–1990), [[Academic Socialist Society]] (1944–1965), [[Suomen Toverikuntien Liitto]] (1946–1952), the [[Socialist Unity Party (Finland)|Socialist Unity Party]] (SYP) (1946–1955), the [[Socialist Student League]] (1965–) and the [[Democratic Youth League of Finland]] (1967–1990). During most of its existence the SKDL had over 50 000 "own" members. In addition to the community members, tens of different nationwide organizations were controlled by the SKDL members, see for example the [[People's Temperance League]]. |
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The supporters of the SKP constantly had a majority in the SKDL, thus it was regarded by many as a [[communist]] front. The SKP members often attended two consecutive meetings to decide on the same issues. However, not even [[socialism]] was mentioned in the party programme until the late 1960s. The number of communist party members amongst the SKDL MPs constantly increased from 1945 on, even though many prominent left-wing socialists and former social democrats had joined the alliance in the 1940s. |
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One of the few organized non-SKP forces in SKDL was the [[Socialist Unity Party (Finland)|Socialist Unity Party]] (SYP) which was founded mainly by former social democrats in 1946. The small and marginalized SYP left the SKDL in 1955 but most of the socialists inside the SKDL chose not to follow the decision made by the party chair [[Atos Wirtanen]] and they remained members of the SKDL through its basic organisations. In the early 1970s a [[Joint Committee of the SKDL Socialists]] was formed but it never developed an organisation and remained a loose coalition. |
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==Publications== |
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[[Vapaa Sana]] was SKDL's party organ from 1944 until 1956. SKDL also published many regional daily newspapers. In 1957 Vapaa Sana was merged with the SKP organ [[Työkansan Sanomat]] to launch [[Kansan Uutiset]], which was the organ of both parties until 1990. Kansan Uutiset still appears and since 2000 it has been the organ of Left Alliance. |
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==Leaders== |
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{| |
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|- |
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| valign="top" |'''Chairmen''' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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|[[K. H. Wiik]] |
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|1944 |
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|- |
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|[[Cay Sundström]] |
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|1944–1946 |
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|- |
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|[[J. W. Keto]] |
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|1946–1948 |
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|- |
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|[[Kusti Kulo]] |
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|1948–1967 |
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|- |
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|[[Ele Alenius]] |
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|1967–1979 |
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|- |
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|[[Kalevi Kivistö]] |
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|1979–1985 |
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|- |
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|[[Esko Helle]] |
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|1985–1988 |
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|- |
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|[[Reijo Käkelä]] |
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|1988–1990 |
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|} |
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| |
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| |
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| valign="top" |'''General secretaries''' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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|[[Tyyne Tuominen]] |
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|1944–1949 |
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|- |
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|[[Yrjö Enne]] |
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|1949–1952 |
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|- |
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|[[Hertta Kuusinen]] |
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|1952–1958 |
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|- |
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|[[Yrjö Enne]] |
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|1959–1961 |
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|- |
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|[[Mauno Tamminen]] |
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|1962–1965 |
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|- |
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|[[Ele Alenius]] |
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|1965–1967 |
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|- |
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|[[Aimo Haapanen]] |
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|1967–1977 |
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|- |
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|[[Jorma Hentilä]] |
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|1977–1984 |
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|- |
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|[[Reijo Käkelä]] |
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|1984–1988 |
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|- |
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|[[Salme Kandolin]] |
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|1988–1990 |
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|} |
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|} |
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==Elections== |
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{| |
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|- |
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| valign="top" |'''Parliamentary elections''' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Year |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | MPs |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Votes |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Share of<br>votes |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1945|1945]] |
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| align="center" | 49 |
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| align="center" | 398 618 |
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| align="right" | 23,47% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1948|1948]] |
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| align="center" | 38 |
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| align="center" | 375 538 |
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| align="right" | 19,98% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1951|1951]] |
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| align="center" | 43 |
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| align="center" | 391 134 |
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| align="right" | 21,58% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1954|1954]] |
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| align="center" | 43 |
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| align="center" | 433 251 |
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| align="right" | 21,57% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1958|1958]] |
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| align="center" | 50 |
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| align="center" | 450 220 |
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| align="right" | 23,16% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1962|1962]] |
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| align="center" | 47 |
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| align="center" | 506 829 |
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| align="right" | 22,02% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1966|1966]] |
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| align="center" | 41 |
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| align="center" | 502 374 |
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| align="right" | 21,20% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1970|1970]] |
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| align="center" | 36 |
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| align="center" | 420 556 |
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| align="right" | 16,58% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1972|1972]] |
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| align="center" | 37 |
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| align="center" | 438 757 |
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| align="right" | 17,02% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1975|1975]] |
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| align="center" | 40 |
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| align="center" | 519 483 |
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| align="right" | 18,89% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1979|1979]] |
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| align="center" | 35 |
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| align="center" | 518 045 |
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| align="right" | 17,90% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1983|1983]] |
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| align="center" | 27 |
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| align="center" | 400 930 |
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| align="right" | 13,46% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| [[Finnish parliamentary election, 1987|1987]] |
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| align="center" | 16 |
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| align="center" | 270 433 |
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| align="right" | 9,39% |
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|- |
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|} |
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| |
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| valign="top" |'''Local elections''' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Year |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Councillors |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Votes |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Share of<br>votes |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1945|1945]] |
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| align="center" | 2 496 |
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| align="right" | 275 324 |
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| align="right" | |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1947|1947]] |
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| align="center" | 2 005 |
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| align="right" | 314 156 |
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| align="right" | 20,4% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1950|1950]] |
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| align="center" | 2 517 |
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| align="right" | 347 102 |
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| align="right" | 23,04% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1953|1953]] |
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| align="center" | 2 546 <!-- tai(2 551) --> |
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| align="right" | 406 324 |
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| align="right" | 23,10% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1956|1956]] |
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| align="center" | 2 272 |
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| align="right" | 353 967 |
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| align="right" | 21,2% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1960|1960]] |
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| align="center" | 2 409 |
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| align="right" | 432 146 |
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| align="right" | 22,0% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1964|1964]] |
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| align="center" | 2 417 |
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| align="right" | 470 550 |
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| align="right" | 21,9% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1968|1968]] |
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| align="center" | 1 770 |
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| align="right" | 382 882 |
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| align="right" | 16,91% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1972|1972]] |
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| align="center" | 1 731 |
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| align="right" | 437 130 |
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| align="right" | 17,48% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1976|1976]] |
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| align="center" | 2 050 |
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| align="right" | 494 920 |
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| align="right" | 18,45% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1980|1980]] |
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| align="center" | 1 835 |
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| align="right" | 456 177 |
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| align="right" | 16,64% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1984|1984]] |
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| align="center" | 1 482 |
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| align="right" | 354 582 |
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| align="right" | 13,15% |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish local election, 1988|1988]] |
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| align="center" | 1 209 |
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| align="right" | 270 532 |
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| align="right" | 10,29% |
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|} |
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|} |
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===Presidential elections=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Year |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Electors |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Votes |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Share of<br> votes |
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! align="center" style=background:#CCDDEE | Candidate |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1950|1950]] |
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| align="center" | 67 |
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| align="center" | 338 035 |
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| align="center" | 21,4% |
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| align="center" | [[Mauno Pekkala]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1956|1956]] |
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| align="center" | 56 |
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| align="center" | 354 575 |
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| align="center" | 18,7% |
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| align="center" | [[Eino Kilpi]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1962|1962]] |
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| align="center" | 63 |
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| align="center" | 451 750 |
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| align="center" | 20,5% |
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| align="center" | [[Paavo Aitio]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1968|1968]] |
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| align="center" | 56 |
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| align="center" | 345 609 |
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| align="center" | 17,0% |
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| align="center" | seconded [[Urho Kekkonen]] of [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1978|1978]] |
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| align="center" | 56 |
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| align="center" | 445 098 |
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| align="center" | 18,2% |
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| align="center" | seconded [[Urho Kekkonen]] of [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1982|1982]] |
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| align="center" | 32 |
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| align="center" | 348 359 |
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| align="center" | 11,0% |
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| align="center" | [[Kalevi Kivistö]] |
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|- |
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | [[Finnish presidential election, 1988|1988]] |
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| align="center" | <br/>26 |
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| align="center" | 330 072<br>286 833 |
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| align="center" | 10,7%<br/>9,6% |
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| align="center" | [[Kalevi Kivistö]]<br/>[[Liike 88]] |
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|- |
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|} |
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None of the party's own candidates were elected President, although [[Urho Kekkonen]] was elected both times when SKDL seconded him. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Kaisu-Mirjami Rydberg]] |
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[[Category:Finnish People's Democratic League| ]] |
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1944]] |
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[[Category:Defunct political parties in Finland]] |
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[[Category:Socialist parties in Finland]] |
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[[Category:Coalitions of parties in Finland]] |
Revision as of 12:37, 13 March 2014
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