English: Sanctuary marker, Holyrood Abbey One of three brass markers in the roadway outside Holyrood Palace, delineating the former sanctuary boundary of Holyrood Abbey. Although records go back further, the policy of granting sanctuary to debtors appears to have been formalised after Charles I appointed the Duke of Hamilton and his heirs to be Keepers of the Palace in 1646. The 'abbey lairds', as the debtors were called, enjoyed the privilege of being allowed to leave the sanctuary between midnight on Saturday and midnight on Sunday without fear of arrest. Their number included Thomas de Quincey, author of Confessions of an English Opium Eater, who lived within the sanctuary at various times between 1833 and 1840. Another famous resident was Charles-Philippe, Comte d'Artois, brother of the deposed Louis XVIII of France. His first arrival in 1796 was prompted by the massive debts he had incurred supplying the émigré army after the French Revolution. He returned in 1830 after reigning briefly as Charles X, complete with his retinue of a hundred, most of whom lodged in the Canongate. But the political climate in Britain was changing at the time of the 1832 Reform Act and this induced him to leave, embarking from the Chain Pier near Newhaven on a steam-boat to Hamburg. The last occasion a person sought sanctuary at Holyrood was in 1880.