Jump to content

File:Ruby maser amplifier 1961.jpg

Page contents not supported in other languages.
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Original file (439 × 661 pixels, file size: 37 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: One of the first ruby maser microwave amplifiers being inserted into a liquid helium dewar by its inventor R. H. Kingston, at Lincoln Laboratory, MIT in November 1961. The ruby maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a low noise amplifier used in radio telescopes and satellite communications at microwave frequencies, invented by a team at Bell Labs led by H. E. D. Scovil in 1958, which works on the same principle as a laser. It consists of a rod of synthetic ruby (on end of stick) in a microwave cavity, in a magnetic field between the poles of a magnet, cooled to cryogenic temperatures by liquid helium in the dewar (bottom), attached to a waveguide. For many years it was the lowest noise microwave amplifier available.
Date
Source Retrieved 10 May 2024 from Martin I. Grace, Joseph G. Smith, "The Maser" in Electronics World, Ziff-Davis Co., New York, Vol.64, No.5, November 1961, p.36
Author Martin I. Grace
Permission
(Reusing this file)		 This magazine published in the US in 1960 would have the copyright renewed in 1988. Online page scans of the Catalog of Copyright Entries, published by the US Copyright Office can be found here [1]. Search of the Renewals for Periodicals for 1978 and later show no renewal entries for Electronics World. Therefore the work's copyright was not renewed and it is in the public domain.

Licensing

Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1930 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

العربية ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

Captions

An early ruby maser microwave amplifier with its inventor R. H. Kingston at Lincoln Laboratory, 1961

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

maser

inception

1 November 1961

media type

image/jpeg

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current21:56, 15 October 2024Thumbnail for version as of 21:56, 15 October 2024439 × 661 (37 KB)ChetvornoUploaded a work by Martin I. Grace from Retrieved 10 May 2024 from Martin I. Grace, Joseph G. Smith, "The Maser" in [https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Electronics-World/60s/1960/Electronics-World-1960-11.pdf ''Electronics World'', Ziff-Davis Co., New York, Vol.64, No.5, November 1961, p.36] with UploadWizard

The following page uses this file:

Metadata

This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.

If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/File:Ruby_maser_amplifier_1961.jpg"