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File:Nell Franzen headshot.jpg

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Nell_Franzen_headshot.jpg (164 × 218 pixels, file size: 8 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: Headshot of actress Nell Franzen, ca. 1912
Date
Source UC Santa Barbara library archives
Author Unknown authorUnknown author
Permission
(Reusing this file)
  • The photo has no copyright markings on it.
  • It was created for publicity purposes-distribution to the media. The image was meant to bring attention and publicity for the personalities pictured, the program he/she was part of and the network it was on, the same as the publicity photos for actors and actresses in the film industry were intended to do.
Copyright requirements
InfoField
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
  • United States Copyright Office page 2 "Visually Perceptible Copies The notice for visually perceptible copies should contain all three elements described below. They should appear together or in close proximity on the copies.
    • 1 The symbol © (letter C in a circle); the word “Copyright”; or the abbreviation “Copr.”
    2 The year of first publication. If the work is a derivative work or a compilation incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the derivative work or compilation is sufficient. Examples of derivative works are translations or dramatizations; an example of a compilation is an anthology. The year may be omitted when a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or useful articles.
    3 The name of the copyright owner, an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of owner.1 Example © 2007 Jane Doe."

    Licensing

    Public domain
    This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.
    Public domain works must be out of copyright in both the United States and in the source country of the work in order to be hosted on the Commons. If the work is not a U.S. work, the file must have an additional copyright tag indicating the copyright status in the source country.
    Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.PD-1923Public domain in the United States//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nell_Franzen_headshot.jpg

    File history

    Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

    Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
    current15:40, 13 February 2017Thumbnail for version as of 15:40, 13 February 2017164 × 218 (8 KB)Drown SodaContrast
    15:37, 13 February 2017Thumbnail for version as of 15:37, 13 February 2017164 × 218 (7 KB)Drown SodaUser created page with UploadWizard

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