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Auteur(s): Yves & Barret, sc. (sc. is an abbreviation for sculpsit, a Latin term meaning, in French, "graveur", and English "engraved by").

Par André Gill (1840–1885) (d'après Michel-Ange) [dessinateur]
Dessin déposé et autorisé. — Paris. Imprimerie F. Debons et Cⁱᵉ, 16, rue du Croissant.
Chez H. Fenoux, libraire-éditeur, 20, rue du Croissant.

Autre titre: Allégories, caricatures et divers. (Titre de la série)
Date de production: En 1877

Datation en siècle: 19e siècle

Type(s) d'objet(s): Estampe, Manuscrits, imprimés, reliure, Arts graphiques
Dénomination(s): Illustration de périodique
Matériaux et techniques: Gravure sur bois, Colorié
Dimensions - Oeuvre: 
   Hauteur : 76.3 cm
   Largeur : 56 cm
Description:
Français : Estampe pliée en deux sans montage.
English:    Print folded in two without mounting.

Re: 16 May 1877 crisis.
Top Row (left to right):

  1. François-Vincent Raspail (1794–1878): A chemist, physician, and politician known for his republican beliefs.
  2. Charles Floquet (1828–1896): A lawyer and politician, known for his republican stance and opposition to the monarchy.
  3. Victor Hugo (1802–1885): A renowned writer, poet, and politician, a major advocate for republicanism and social justice.
  4. Louis Blanc (1811–1882): A historian and politician, he was a socialist who advocated for workers' rights.
  5. Jules Grévy (1807–1891): A prominent republican and eventually President of the French Republic.
  6. Émile de Girardin (1802–1881): A journalist and politician, here depicted blowing a trumpet, known for pioneering mass-circulation newspapers.
  7. Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877): A historian, politician, and the first President of the Third Republic.
  8. Henri Tolain (1828–1897): A French socialist, worker’s rights advocate, and politician.
  9. Léon Gambetta (1838–1882) (looking up at Thiers): A lawyer and republican leader, key in the Third Republic's establishment.
  10. Isaac-Jacob Crémieux (1796–1880): A French lawyer and politician, known for his advocacy for Jewish rights.
  11. Émile-Louis-Gustave Deshayes de Marcère (1828–1918): He served as a deputy in the National Assembly from 1871 to 1884. Marcère held the position of Minister of the Interior in 1876 and 1878, continuing briefly in the Waddington ministry of 1879 (William Waddington; 1826–1894). In 1884, he was appointed as a senator for life (sénateur inamovible). He also served as mayor of Messei from 1892 to 1912. At his death in 1918, he was the last surviving senator for life of the Third Republic.
  12. Jules Simon (1814–1896): A philosopher and politician, who served as Prime Minister under the early Third Republic.
  13. Le Figaro: An influential newspaper that predominantly published conservative views during the period.

Bottom Row (left to right):

  1. Paul de Cassagnac (1842–1904): Donning a mustache – a journalist and staunch Bonapartist, known for his fierce opposition to the republicans.
  2. Eugène Rouher (1814–1884): A conservative politician and strong supporter of the Bonapartist cause.
  3. Albert de Broglie (1821–1901): A conservative statesman and a member of the aristocratic Broglie family.
  4. Auguste Paris (1826–1896): Possibly a lesser-known figure; further information may be challenging to locate.
  5. Oscar Bardi de Fourtou (1836–1897): A conservative politician, serving in various ministerial roles during the late Second Empire and early Third Republic.
  6. Joseph Brunet (1829–1891).
  7. Louis Decazes (1819–1886): A diplomat and politician, serving in roles like Foreign Minister.
  8. Eugène Caillaux (1822–1896): A politician and father of Joseph Caillaux (1863–1944), an important figure in early 20th-century French politics.
  9. Camille de Meaux (1830–1907): A politician known for his moderate conservative views.

This is a satirical political cartoon titled Le Jugement Dernier [The Last Judgment], dated 14 October – 14 December 1877. The dates are significant in French history as they relate to the crisis of 16 May 1877, which marked a critical point in the struggle between the French Third Republic's republican government and monarchist factions.

  1. 16 May 1877 Crisis: On May 16, 1877, the conservative president of France, Marshal Patrice de MacMahon (1808–1893), dismissed the Prime Minister Jules Simon (1814–1896) (a moderate republican) and appointed a more conservative successor. This action led to a constitutional crisis, as it represented an attempt by monarchist and conservative forces to regain control and shift the Third Republic toward a more authoritarian regime.
  2. 14 October 1877: This date marked the beginning of the legislative elections in France, following a period of intense political turmoil. The elections were a response to the ongoing power struggle and were crucial in determining the direction of the Republic.
  3. 14 December 1877: By this date, the political conflict had mostly concluded, with republican forces gaining a decisive victory. President MacMahon had to concede and ultimately step down in January 1879, marking a republican consolidation of power in the French government.

André Gill's use of caricature draws on the imagery of Michelangelo's Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, adding a layer of irony by portraying these political figures in a divine or judgment-like setting, commenting on their political fates and their "moral judgment" in the eyes of the public. The humor and criticism reflect the public sentiment of the time, with the republicans ultimately emerging as the "triumphant" side in this grand "judgment."
The illustration mocked the political upheaval and present the election as a form of ultimate reckoning, with the republican forces gaining the upper hand in France’s political destiny.

Institution: Musée Carnavalet, Histoire de Paris
IIIF Manifest: apicollections.parismusees.paris.fr/iiif/320207961/manifest
Date En 1877
Source parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/le-jugement-dernier-14-octobre-14-decembre-1877
Paris Musées
Author → See Auteur(s), above.
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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current23:21, 23 May 2023Thumbnail for version as of 23:21, 23 May 20236,804 × 9,233 (39.47 MB)Mr.Nostalgic== {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |Description=<!-- {{fr| --> {{{!}} class="wikitable unsortable" {{!}}- ! Auteur(s): {{!!}}Yves et Barret, graveur Gill, André (Paris, 17–10–1840 - Saint-Maurice, 02–05–1885), dessinateur Imprimerie F. Debons et Cie, imprimeur Fenoux, H, editeur {{!}}- ! Autre titre: {{!!}}Allégories, caricatures et divers. (Titre de la série) {{!}}- ! Date de production: {{!!}}En 1877 Datation en siècle: 19e siècle {{!}}- ! Type(s) d'objet(s): {{!!}}Estampe, Manuscrits...

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