English: Heat map of pair-wise Fst between European samples. Analysis of over 270,000 SNPs on 3,112 individuals across 16 European countries, and HapMap data. Pair-wise Fst values between samples were calculated using EIGENSOFT. Fst values indicate how much of the genetic variability between individuals from different populations is due to population affiliation. In our study, Fst was found to correlate considerably with geographic distances (r2 = 0.382, p-value≪0.01). Values ranged from ≤0.001 for neighbouring populations to 0.023 for Southern Italy and in a young subisolate of Finland (Kuusamo). The Fst distances between HapMap CEU sample and the other samples also correlated with geographic distance (r2 = 0.291, p-value<0.01). The German population sample showed zero Fst with the CEU sample whereas the Finns from Kuusamo and the southern Italians were most different from them (Fst = 0.013 and 0.008, respectively). Pair-wise Fst values for CEU and either Latvians, Lithuanians, Estonians or western Russians were intermediate (0.006, 0.005, 0.004 and 0.004, respectively). Date Published: May 8, 2009

Source From Supplemental Table S2. Nelis M, Esko T, Mägi R, Zimprich F, Zimprich A, Toncheva D, et al. (2009) Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005472

Author Mari Nelis , Tõnu Esko , Reedik Mägi, Fritz Zimprich, Alexander Zimprich, Draga Toncheva, Sena Karachanak, Tereza Piskáčková, Ivan Balaščák, Leena Peltonen, Eveliina Jakkula, Karola Rehnström, Mark Lathrop, Simon Heath, Pilar Galan, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Arne Pfeufer, H-Erich Wichmann, Béla Melegh, Noémi Polgár, Daniela Toniolo, Paolo Gasparini, Pio D'Adamo, Janis Klovins, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Vaidutis Kučinskas, Jūratė Kasnauskienė, Jan Lubinski, Tadeusz Debniak, Svetlana Limborska, Andrey Khrunin, Xavier Estivill, Raquel Rabionet, Sara Marsal, Antonio Julià, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Samuel Deutsch, Christelle Borel, Homa Attar, Maryline Gagnebin, Milan Macek, Michael Krawczak, Maido Remm, Andres Metspalu. Figure creator: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Was_a_bee