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Notes

Sumerians and Akkadians became Assyrians and Babylonians.^[1]^[2] Remnants of Akkadian words still preserved in the modern Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language.^[3] Sūryōyō/Sūrāyā derived from Aššūrāyu.^[4]^[5] Greek and Roman rule changed Assyrian to Syrian.^[6]^[7]^[8] Romans divided (As)syrians in between provinces.^[9] Syrians (Suryoyo) have been identified as Assyrians.^[10] Assyrian nationalism developed among the Syrian (Jacobites) Orthodox community, during the early 20th century.^[11] Syrian Orthodox Church becoming Assyrian Orthodox Church.^[12]

References

↑ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110693/Mesopotamian-religion
↑ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005290/Akkadian-language#62711.hook
↑ Akkadian Words in Modern Assyrian
↑ Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 11. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "In this context it is important to draw attention to the fact that the Aramaic-speaking peoples of the Near East have since ancient times identified themselves as Assyrians and still continue to do so. The self-designations of modern Syriacs and Assyrians, Sūryōyō and Sūrāyā, are both derived from the ancient Assyrian word for "Assyrian", Aššūrāyu, as can be easily established from a closer look at the relevant words."
↑ Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 14. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "Since omission of initial vowels is not a feature of Aramaic phonology, the lack of the initial A- in Sūrāyā/Sūr(y)ōyō cannot be due to internal Aramaic development but must go back directly to Neo-Assyrian. The phonology of Sūrāyā (Sūrōyō) thus implies that this term, which is crucial to the identity of the present-day Aramaic-speaking peoples, entered the Aramaic language in the seventh century BC, when the Arameans already were a fully integrated part of the Assyrian nation. In contrast to the word ĀӨūr, which was borrowed into Aramaic when Assyria still was an alien society, it cannot be regarded as a loanword but as an indigenous selfdesignation, which the Aramaic-speaking Assyrians shared with their Akkadian-speaking fellow citizens."
↑ Justinus, Marcus Junianus; translated, with notes, by the Rev. John Selby Watson (1853). Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus (in English) (HTML). London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden. "The Assyrians, who were afterwards called Syrians, held their empire thirteen hundred years."
↑ Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 12. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "Since unstressed vowels were often dropped in Neo-Assyrian at the beginning of words (Hameen-Anttila 2000, 37), this name form later also had a shorter variant, Sūr, attested in alphabetic writings of personal names containing the element Aššur in late seventh century BC Aramaic documents from Assyria. The word Assūrāyu, "Assyrian", thus also had a variant Sūrāyu in late Assyrian times. This variant is hidden behind standard orthography in Assyrian cuneiform texts, but its existence is confirmed by the classical Greek words for Assyrians and Assyria, which display a corresponding variation between forms with initial A- (Assúrios/Assuría) and ones without it (Súrios/Súros/Suría; see Table II). The Greeks, who were in frequent contact with Assyria in the eighth and seventh centuries BC (Rollinger 2001), would not have borrowed the word without the initial A-, had the Assyrians themselves not omitted it, since omission of initial vowels is not a feature of classical Greek phonology."
↑ Herodotus. Herodotus VII.63 (in English) (HTML). "VII.63: The Assyrians went to war with helmets upon their heads made of brass, and plaited in a strange fashion which is not easy to describe. They carried shields, lances, and daggers very like the Egyptian; but in addition they had wooden clubs knotted with iron, and linen corselets. This people, whom the Hellenes call Syrians, are called Assyrians by the barbarians. The Chaldeans served in their ranks, and they had for commander Otaspes, the son of Artachaeus."
↑ Frye, Richard Nelson (1992). Assyria and Syria: Synonyms (in English) (HTML). PhD., Harvard University. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. "The ancient Greek historian, Herodotus, wrote that the Greeks called the Assyrians, by the name Syrian, dropping the A. And that's the first instance we know of, of the distinction in the name, of the same people. Then the Romans, when they conquered the western part of the former Assyrian Empire, they gave the name Syria, to the province, they created, which is today Damascus and Aleppo. So, that is the distinction between Syria, and Assyria. They are the same people, of course. And the ancient Assyrian empire, was the first real, empire in history. What do I mean, it had many different peoples included in the empire, all speaking Aramaic, and becoming what may be called, "Assyrian citizens." That was the first time in history, that we have this. For example, Elamite musicians, were brought to Nineveh, and they were 'made Assyrians' which means, that Assyria, was more than a small country, it was the empire, the whole Fertile Crescent."
↑ Horatio Southgate (1844). Narrative of a Visit to the Syrian (Jacobites) Church (in Engelska) (HTML). Archived from the original on 2011-11-26. "When Horatio Southgate visited the Syrian Orthodox communities of Turkey in 1843 he reported that its followers were calling themselves Assyrians in the form of "Suryoye Othoroye". He writes: I began to make inquiries for the Syrians. The people informed me that there were about one hundred families of them in the town of Kharpout, and a village inhabited by them on the plain. I observed that the Armenians did not know them under the name which I used, SYRIANI; but called them ASSOURI, which struck me the more at the moment from its resemblance to our English name ASSYRIANS, from whom they claim their origin, being sons, as they say, of Assour, (Asshur,) who 'out of the land of Shinar went forth, and build Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, and Resin between Nineveh and Calah; the same is a great city."
↑ DeKelaita, Robert. The Origins and Development of Assyrian Nationalism (in English) (PDF). "Although Assyrian nationalistic sentiments were more prevalent among the Nestorians (particularly those in Urmia) than among Chaldeans and Jacobites, nationalists were to be found among the latter as well."
↑ The Syrian Antiochian Orthodox Church and the Assyrian Orthodox Church and the Syriac Orthodox Church (in English) (HTML). Slavic, East European, and Former USSR Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. "The Assyrian Orthodox Church of the Virgin Mary, Paramus, New Jersey Home Page [the first Syrian Orthodox Church established in the United States by immigrants who came from Diyarbakir, Turkey in late 1890's]."

Summary

Assyrian people self identification history.

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File usage

The following 3 pages use this file:

[1] ttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110693/Mesopotamian-religion

[2] ttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005290/Akkadian-language#62711.hook

[3] Akkadian Words in Modern Assyrian

[Assurayu_Suraya_1-4] Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 11. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "In this context it is important to draw attention to the fact that the Aramaic-speaking peoples of the Near East have since ancient times identified themselves as Assyrians and still continue to do so. The self-designations of modern Syriacs and Assyrians, Sūryōyō and Sūrāyā, are both derived from the ancient Assyrian word for "Assyrian", Aššūrāyu, as can be easily established from a closer look at the relevant words."

[Assurayu_Suraya_2-5] Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 14. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "Since omission of initial vowels is not a feature of Aramaic phonology, the lack of the initial A- in Sūrāyā/Sūr(y)ōyō cannot be due to internal Aramaic development but must go back directly to Neo-Assyrian. The phonology of Sūrāyā (Sūrōyō) thus implies that this term, which is crucial to the identity of the present-day Aramaic-speaking peoples, entered the Aramaic language in the seventh century BC, when the Arameans already were a fully integrated part of the Assyrian nation. In contrast to the word ĀӨūr, which was borrowed into Aramaic when Assyria still was an alien society, it cannot be regarded as a loanword but as an indigenous selfdesignation, which the Aramaic-speaking Assyrians shared with their Akkadian-speaking fellow citizens."

[Justinus-6] Justinus, Marcus Junianus; translated, with notes, by the Rev. John Selby Watson (1853). Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus (in English) (HTML). London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden. "The Assyrians, who were afterwards called Syrians, held their empire thirteen hundred years."

[Assurayu_Suraya_3-7] Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Identity in Ancient Times and Today (in English) (PDF). Assyriology 12. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. "Since unstressed vowels were often dropped in Neo-Assyrian at the beginning of words (Hameen-Anttila 2000, 37), this name form later also had a shorter variant, Sūr, attested in alphabetic writings of personal names containing the element Aššur in late seventh century BC Aramaic documents from Assyria. The word Assūrāyu, "Assyrian", thus also had a variant Sūrāyu in late Assyrian times. This variant is hidden behind standard orthography in Assyrian cuneiform texts, but its existence is confirmed by the classical Greek words for Assyrians and Assyria, which display a corresponding variation between forms with initial A- (Assúrios/Assuría) and ones without it (Súrios/Súros/Suría; see Table II). The Greeks, who were in frequent contact with Assyria in the eighth and seventh centuries BC (Rollinger 2001), would not have borrowed the word without the initial A-, had the Assyrians themselves not omitted it, since omission of initial vowels is not a feature of classical Greek phonology."

[Herodotus_VII.63-8] Herodotus. Herodotus VII.63 (in English) (HTML). "VII.63: The Assyrians went to war with helmets upon their heads made of brass, and plaited in a strange fashion which is not easy to describe. They carried shields, lances, and daggers very like the Egyptian; but in addition they had wooden clubs knotted with iron, and linen corselets. This people, whom the Hellenes call Syrians, are called Assyrians by the barbarians. The Chaldeans served in their ranks, and they had for commander Otaspes, the son of Artachaeus."

[Richard_Nelson_Frye_Syria_and_Assyria_YouTube-9] Frye, Richard Nelson (1992). Assyria and Syria: Synonyms (in English) (HTML). PhD., Harvard University. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. "The ancient Greek historian, Herodotus, wrote that the Greeks called the Assyrians, by the name Syrian, dropping the A. And that's the first instance we know of, of the distinction in the name, of the same people. Then the Romans, when they conquered the western part of the former Assyrian Empire, they gave the name Syria, to the province, they created, which is today Damascus and Aleppo. So, that is the distinction between Syria, and Assyria. They are the same people, of course. And the ancient Assyrian empire, was the first real, empire in history. What do I mean, it had many different peoples included in the empire, all speaking Aramaic, and becoming what may be called, "Assyrian citizens." That was the first time in history, that we have this. For example, Elamite musicians, were brought to Nineveh, and they were 'made Assyrians' which means, that Assyria, was more than a small country, it was the empire, the whole Fertile Crescent."

[10] Horatio Southgate (1844). Narrative of a Visit to the Syrian (Jacobites) Church (in Engelska) (HTML). Archived from the original on 2011-11-26. "When Horatio Southgate visited the Syrian Orthodox communities of Turkey in 1843 he reported that its followers were calling themselves Assyrians in the form of "Suryoye Othoroye". He writes: I began to make inquiries for the Syrians. The people informed me that there were about one hundred families of them in the town of Kharpout, and a village inhabited by them on the plain. I observed that the Armenians did not know them under the name which I used, SYRIANI; but called them ASSOURI, which struck me the more at the moment from its resemblance to our English name ASSYRIANS, from whom they claim their origin, being sons, as they say, of Assour, (Asshur,) who 'out of the land of Shinar went forth, and build Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, and Resin between Nineveh and Calah; the same is a great city."

[11] DeKelaita, Robert. The Origins and Development of Assyrian Nationalism (in English) (PDF). "Although Assyrian nationalistic sentiments were more prevalent among the Nestorians (particularly those in Urmia) than among Chaldeans and Jacobites, nationalists were to be found among the latter as well."

[12] The Syrian Antiochian Orthodox Church and the Assyrian Orthodox Church and the Syriac Orthodox Church (in English) (HTML). Slavic, East European, and Former USSR Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. "The Assyrian Orthodox Church of the Virgin Mary, Paramus, New Jersey Home Page [the first Syrian Orthodox Church established in the United States by immigrants who came from Diyarbakir, Turkey in late 1890's]."

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File:Assyrianidentity.png

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