Ezekiel 19

Ezekiel 19
Ezekiel 19
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	Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.
Book	Book of Ezekiel
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	7
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	26

Ezekiel 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.^[1] This chapter contains a kinah or lamentation for the rulers of Israel.^[2] Two princes are lamented, one captured and carried to Egypt, i.e. Jehoahaz, son and successor of Josiah (verses 1–4), and another carried to Babylon, who must be Jehoiachin (verses 5–9).^[3]

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 14 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[4]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).^[5]^[a]

Moreover take thou up a lamentation for the princes of Israel (KJV)^[7]

"Lamentation" (Hebrew: קינה qî-nāh; plural: קִינִים in Ezekiel 2:10 or קִּינֽוֹת in 2 Chronicles 35:25): the Hebrew word has a meaning of "elegy, dirge", "a mournful song".^[8]^[9]

The nations also heard of him; he was taken in their pit,

and they brought him with chains unto the land of Egypt.^[10]

"With chains unto the land of Egypt": This is the fate of Jehoahaz (also called "Shallum"^[11]^[12]) who succeeded his father, Josiah, as king in Jerusalem for 3 months in 609 BC,^[13] before being deposed by Pharaoh Necho II and taken as prisoner to Egypt until his death (2 Kings 23:31–34; 2 Chronicles 36:1-4; Jeremiah 22:10-12).^[14]^[15]

Now when she saw that she had waited, and her hope was lost,

then she took another of her whelps, and made him a young lion.^[16]

"She took another of her whelps": Two of the last four kings of Judah, Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, was born of the same mother, Hamutal, and the same father, king Josiah,^[17]^[18] although the "lioness" in Ezekiel 9:1–9 generally refers to "Judah".^[19]^[14]

And they put him in ward in chains, and brought him to the king of Babylon:

they brought him into holds, that his voice should no more be heard upon the mountains of Israel.^[20]

"Brought him to the king of Babylon": This is the fate of Zedekiah (also called "Mattaniah"^[21]), the last king of Judah, who was appointed as king in Jerusalem in 597 BC^[13] by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon to replace Jehoiachin, but later rebelled, was captured and brought before Nebuchadnezzar in Riblah, where his families were killed, he himself was made blind, then taken as prisoner to Babylon until his death.^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[14]^[26]

^ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), heading at Ezekiel 19
^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Ezekiel 19, accessed 25 November 2019
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
^ Ezekiel 19:1
^ Brown, Briggs & Driver 1994 "קִינָה"
^ Gesenius 1979 "קִינָה"
^ Ezekiel 19:4
^ Jeremiah 22:11
^ 1 Chronicles 3:15
^ ^a ^b Edwin Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257, 217.
^ ^a ^b ^c The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1204-1205 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
^ "Jehoahaz", Jewish Encyclopedia
^ Ezekiel 19:5
^ 2 Kings 23:31
^ 2 Kings 24:18
^ Genesis 49:9
^ Ezekiel 19:9
^ 2 Kings 24:17
^ 2 Kings 24:17–20
^ 2 Kings 25:6–7
^ 2 Chronicles 36:10–13,17,20
^ Jeremiah 1:1–3
^ "Zedekiah", Jewish Encyclopedia

Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837844.
Brown, Francis; Briggs, Charles A.; Driver, S. R. (1994). The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (reprint ed.). Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 978-1565632066.
Clements, Ronald E (1996). Ezekiel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664252724.
Gesenius, H. W. F. (1979). Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. Translated by Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (7th ed.). Baker Book House.
Joyce, Paul M. (2009). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Continuum. ISBN 9780567483614.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.