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Etynodiol

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Etynodiol
Clinical data
Other namesEthynodiol; 3β-Hydroxynorethisterone; 17α-Ethynylestr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol
Drug classProgestin; Progestogen
ATC code
Identifiers
  • (3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
CAS Number
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.013.610 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC20H28O2
Molar mass300.442 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O[C@@H]4/C=C3\[C@@H]([C@H]2CC[C@]1([C@@H](CC[C@]1(C#C)O)[C@@H]2CC3)C)CC4
  • InChI=1S/C20H28O2/c1-3-20(22)11-9-18-17-6-4-13-12-14(21)5-7-15(13)16(17)8-10-19(18,20)2/h1,12,14-18,21-22H,4-11H2,2H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20-/m0/s1
  • Key:JYILPERKVHXLNF-QMNUTNMBSA-N

Etynodiol, or ethynodiol, is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group which was never marketed.[1][2][3] A diacylated derivative, etynodiol diacetate, is used as a hormonal contraceptive.[1][2] Etynodiol is sometimes used as a synonym for etynodiol diacetate.

It was patented in 1955.[4]

Pharmacology

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Etynodiol is a prodrug of norethisterone, and is converted immediately and completely into norethisterone.[5][6][7] Etynodiol is an intermediate in the conversion of the prodrug lynestrenol into norethisterone.[8]

Relative affinities (%) of norethisterone, metabolites, and prodrugs
Compound Typea PRTooltip Progesterone receptor ARTooltip Androgen receptor ERTooltip Estrogen receptor GRTooltip Glucocorticoid receptor MRTooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin CBGTooltip Corticosteroid binding globulin
Norethisterone – 67–75 15 0 0–1 0–3 16 0
5α-Dihydronorethisterone Metabolite 25 27 0 0 ? ? ?
3α,5α-Tetrahydronorethisterone Metabolite 1 0 0–1 0 ? ? ?
3α,5β-Tetrahydronorethisterone Metabolite ? 0 0 ? ? ? ?
3β,5α-Tetrahydronorethisterone Metabolite 1 0 0–8 0 ? ? ?
Ethinylestradiol Metabolite 15–25 1–3 112 1–3 0 0.18 0
Norethisterone acetate Prodrug 20 5 1 0 0 ? ?
Norethisterone enanthate Prodrug ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Noretynodrel Prodrug 6 0 2 0 0 0 0
Etynodiol Prodrug 1 0 11–18 0 ? ? ?
Etynodiol diacetate Prodrug 1 0 0 0 0 ? ?
Lynestrenol Prodrug 1 1 3 0 0 ? ?
Notes: Values are percentages (%). Reference ligands (100%) were promegestone for the PRTooltip progesterone receptor, metribolone for the ARTooltip androgen receptor, estradiol for the ERTooltip estrogen receptor, dexamethasone for the GRTooltip glucocorticoid receptor, aldosterone for the MRTooltip mineralocorticoid receptor, dihydrotestosterone for SHBGTooltip sex hormone-binding globulin, and cortisol for CBGTooltip Corticosteroid-binding globulin. Footnotes: a = Active or inactive metabolite, prodrug, or neither of norethisterone. Sources: See template.

Chemistry

[edit]
See also: List of progestogens

Etynodiol is a 19-nortestosterone derivative. Structurally, it is almost identical to norethisterone and lynestrenol, differing only in its C3 substituent. Whereas norethisterone has a ketone at C3 and lynestrenol has no substituent at C3, etynodiol has a hydroxyl group at the position.

Synthesis

[edit]
Ethynodiol diacetate synthesis:[9] F. B. Colton, U.S. patent 2,843,609 (1958 to Searle). Prepn of the 3-acetate, 17-acetate, and diacetate: P. D. Klimstra, U.S. patent 3,176,013 (1965 to Searle); see also:[10]

Society and culture

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Generic names

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Etynodiol is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, while ethynodiol is its BANTooltip British Approved Name.[1][2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Macdonald F (1997). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. p. 1454. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  2. ^ a b c Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis US. 2000. p. 422. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  3. ^ Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH (December 2003). "Classification and pharmacology of progestins". Maturitas. 46 (Suppl 1): S7–S16. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.09.014. PMID 14670641.
  4. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 478. ISBN 9783527607495.
  5. ^ Shoupe D, Haseltine FP (6 December 2012). Contraception. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2730-4.
  6. ^ Bhattacharya (1 January 2003). Pharmacology, 2/e. Elsevier India. pp. 378–. ISBN 978-81-8147-009-6.
  7. ^ IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007). Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy. World Health Organization. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-92-832-1291-1.
  8. ^ Hammerstein J (December 1990). "Prodrugs: advantage or disadvantage?". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 163 (6 Pt 2): 2198–203. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90561-K. PMID 2256526.
  9. ^ Klimstra PD, Colton FB (October 1967). "The synthesis of 3beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-17-one and 3beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-17-one". Steroids. 10 (4): 411–24. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(67)90119-5. PMID 6064262.
  10. ^ Sondheimer F, Klibansky Y (1959). "Synthesis of 3β-hydroxy analogues of steroidal hormones, a biologically active class of compounds". Tetrahedron. 5: 15–26. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(59)80066-1.
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