Jump to content

Eurovision Song Contest 1974

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from ESC 1974)

Eurovision Song Contest 1974
Dates
Final6 April 1974 (1974-04-06)
Host
VenueThe Dome
Brighton, United Kingdom
Presenter(s)Katie Boyle
Musical directorRonnie Hazlehurst
DirectorMichael Hurll
EBU scrutineerClifford Brown
Executive producerBill Cotton
Host broadcasterBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/brighton-1974 Edit this at Wikidata
Participants
Number of entries17
Debuting countries Greece
Returning countriesNone
Non-returning countries France
  • A coloured map of the countries of EuropeBelgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Denmark in the Eurovision Song ContestDenmark in the Eurovision Song ContestFinland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974Malta in the Eurovision Song ContestAustria in the Eurovision Song ContestFrance in the Eurovision Song Contest
         Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1974
Vote
Voting systemTen-member juries distributed ten points among their favourite songs.
Winning song Sweden
"Waterloo"
1973 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1975

The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was the 19th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 6 April 1974 in the Dome in Brighton, United Kingdom. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), and presented by Katie Boyle, this was the fifth time that the United Kingdom had staged the contest.

Although Luxembourg had won the 1973 contest with the song "Tu te reconnaîtras" by Anne-Marie David, which made Luxembourg the presumptive host in 1974, the Luxembourgish broadcaster Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) opted not to host the event in 1974 as they had staged the contest in 1973, following their win in 1972. Spain, which had placed second the previous year, also declined the opportunity to stage the contest. The Israeli broadcaster IBA, and the British broadcasters the BBC and ITV, all subsequently made bids to stage the contest, with the BBC ultimately winning out. This was the fourth time that the BBC had staged the contest after another broadcaster declined the opportunity, having done so previously in 1960, 1963 and 1972.

Entries representing eighteen countries were submitted for the contest, with Greece making its first appearance. However, France ultimately did not participate as the contest coincided with the death of French president Georges Pompidou, and with a national day of mourning scheduled for the date of the contest the French broadcaster ORTF deemed participating in the event to be inappropriate. The voting system used between 1971 and 1973 was scrapped, and was replaced by the system last used in 1970, with ten people in each country awarding one vote to their favourite song.

The winner was Sweden, with the song "Waterloo", composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, written by Stig Anderson and performed by ABBA. Italy and the Netherlands placed second and third respectively, followed by a three-way tie for fourth place between Luxembourg, Monaco and the United Kingdom. It was Sweden's first contest win. After previous success within European markets with "Ring Ring", with which ABBA had attempted to represent Sweden at Eurovision in 1973, "Waterloo" gave the group their first global hit, and their Eurovision win was a launching point for ABBA to become one of the world's best-selling music artists. Olivia Newton-John, who represented the United Kingdom at this event, would also go on to achieve worldwide success in the years following the contest.

Location

[edit]
The Concert Hall of the Dome, Brighton – host venue of the 1974 contest

The 1974 contest was held in Brighton, United Kingdom. It was the fifth time that the United Kingdom had hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1960, 1963, 1968 and 1972.[1] The selected venue was the Dome, completed in 1805 and originally built for the Prince Regent as stables and a riding school for his personal use. Sold by Queen Victoria in 1850, the stables were converted into a concert hall and assembly rooms in 1867, and the riding school into a market for corn merchants in 1868.[2][3] The concert hall could normally seat up to 2,102 people, but for the contest some seating was removed for the commentator booths and technical equipment, leaving space for an audience of just over 1,000 people.[4][5]

Among the other venues considered to stage the event by the BBC were the Royal Opera House and Royal Albert Hall in London, the latter of which had previously staged the 1968 contest. Both venues proved to be unavailable however, with the broadcaster then looking outside of the capital for potential venues. The Dome was then ultimately selected, and this choice was announced publicly by the BBC and EBU in July 1973.[4]

Host selection

[edit]

The 1973 contest was won by Luxembourg with the song "Tu te reconnaîtras" performed by Anne-Marie David, which according to Eurovision tradition made Luxembourg the presumptive host of the 1974 contest.[6][7] The country had staged the event on three previous occasions, in 1962, 1966 and 1973, each time in Luxembourg City.[8] As Luxembourg had also hosted the event the previous year, the Luxembourgish broadcaster Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) declined the opportunity to stage the event for a second consecutive year due to the financial strain such an undertaking would entail.[2][4] Spain, which had come second the previous year, was also considered for the event, however the Spanish broadcaster Televisión Española (TVE) also turned down the opportunity to stage the 1974 contest; Spain had previously hosted the event in 1969.[4][9]

The contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), originally asked the BBC, as the participating broadcaster for the country which came third, not to make an offer at this initial stage, in order to determine if other participating broadcasters were willing to stage the event.[4] Of the four previous events held in the United Kingdom, three of these had been staged in place of the previous year's winning country, specifically the 1960, 1963 and 1972 events.[1][10] Two offers were subsequently made, from the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) and from the BBC's commercial rival ITV. Concerns were raised about the prospect of Israel hosting the event; the country had just joined the contest in 1973 and it was felt some countries would not be prepared to accept an Israeli-held contest.[4][11] Israel was also some distance geographically from the core of Western European nations which participated in the event at this time, and IBA still lagged behind many European broadcasters from a technological perspective. A successful ITV bid would have effectively barred the BBC from participating, as only one broadcaster from a given country can participate in the event, resulting in the BBC submitting a counter-offer which the EBU accepted on 7 June 1973.[4]

Participating countries

[edit]
Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1974 – Participation summaries by country
Gigliola Cinquetti (pictured in 1966) who had won the contest in 1964 for Italy, participated again this year.

A total of eighteen countries submitted entries to compete in this edition of the contest, comprising all seventeen countries which had participated in 1973, and Greece, which was making its first appearance in the contest.[2][4] Turkey had also expressed an interest in competing, but the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation had been too late in submitting their request to the EBU and were subsequently informed that, as the scoreboard with space for eighteen countries had already been constructed, its planned entry would not have been possible.[4] Ultimately, however, only seventeen participating entries were performed at the contest, as France made the decision to withdraw from the event due to the death of French president Georges Pompidou on 2 April. With the state memorial service and a national day of mourning scheduled to be held on the same day as the contest, it was deemed by French broadcaster Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF) that competing in and broadcasting the contest would be inappropriate. France would have been represented by the song "La Vie à vingt-cinq ans", written by Christine Fontaine and to have been performed by Dani, with Jean-Claude Petit scheduled to conduct the orchestra during the performance.[2][12][13]

Among the participating artists were a number of acts which had competed in the Eurovision Song Contest in previous years: Italy's Gigliola Cinquetti had previously won the contest in 1964 with the song "Non ho l'età"; Romuald, representing Monaco at this contest, had previously represented both Monaco and Luxembourg, in 1964 and 1969 respectively; and Norway's Bendik Singers, supporting Anne-Karine Strøm at this event, had represented Norway in the previous year's contest, with Strøm having also been a member of the group in that contest.[12][14][15][16]

Eurovision Song Contest 1974 participants[12][17]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Belgium RTB Jacques Hustin "Fleur de liberté" French
Pierre Chiffre
 Finland YLE Carita "Keep Me Warm" English
Ossi Runne
 Germany HR[a] Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" German
Werner Scharfenberger
 Greece EIRT Marinella "Krassi, thalassa ke t' agori mou"
(Κρασί, θάλασσα και τ' αγόρι μου) 		Greek
Giorgos Katsaros
 Ireland RTÉ Tina Reynolds "Cross Your Heart" English Paul Lyttle Colman Pearce
 Israel IBA Poogy "Natati La Khaiai" (נתתי לה חיי) Hebrew
Yonatan Rechter
 Italy RAI Gigliola Cinquetti "Sì" Italian
Gianfranco Monaldi
 Luxembourg CLT Ireen Sheer "Bye Bye I Love You" French
Charles Blackwell
 Monaco TMC Romuald "Celui qui reste et celui qui s'en va" French
  • Jean-Pierre Bourtayre
  • Michel Jourdan
 Raymond Donnez
 Netherlands NOS Mouth and MacNeal "I See a Star" English
Harry van Hoof
 Norway NRK Anne-Karine and the Bendik Singers "The First Day of Love" English
Frode Thingnæs
 Portugal RTP Paulo de Carvalho "E depois do adeus" Portuguese
José Calvário
 Spain TVE Peret "Canta y sé feliz" Spanish Pedro Pubill Calaf Rafael Ibarbia
 Sweden SR ABBA "Waterloo" English
Sven-Olof Walldoff
  Switzerland SRG SSR Piera Martell "Mein Ruf nach dir" German Pepe Ederer Pepe Ederer
 United Kingdom BBC Olivia Newton-John "Long Live Love" English
Nick Ingman
 Yugoslavia JRT Korni Grupa "Generacija '42" (Генерација '42) Serbo-Croatian Kornelije Kovač Zvonimir Skerl

Production and format

[edit]

The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Bill Cotton served as executive producer, Michael Hurll served as producer and director, John Burrowes served as designer, and Ronnie Hazlehurst served as musical director, leading the BBC Concert Orchestra.[2][19] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[12] On behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Clifford Brown as scrutineer.[19][20][21]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration.[6][22] As with the previous year's event, artists were able to perform in any language, and not necessarily that of the country they represented.[7][23] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance. Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[6][24][25]

Rehearsals in the contest venue began on Tuesday 2 April, involving technical rehearsals with the production team, the orchestra, and tests of the voting system and scoreboard. This was followed by rehearsals with the competing acts over subsequent days. The first rehearsals for all countries were held over two days on 3 and 4 April, with each participating act having a 50-minute slot on stage to perform through their entry with the orchestra without their stage costumes. A second round of rehearsals, this time in costume, was held for all acts on 5 April, with each country given 20 minutes on stage, followed that evening by a complete run-through of the whole show, including dummy voting. Further technical rehearsals were held on the morning of 6 April, and a second full dress rehearsal was held that afternoon; this rehearsal was also recorded for use as a back-up in case technical failure meant the contest could not go ahead as planned.[4][5]

Security in Brighton was tight in the lead-up to, and during, the contest, due to the threat of actions by Irish republican militants.[4][26] There was an increased police presence, and tanks could be seen in the streets of Brighton during the week of the contest.[4][27] The contest presenter Katie Boyle also recalled being ferried in bulletproof coaches between the hotel and the contest venue, each time taking a different route.[4]

Voting procedure

[edit]
Further information: Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

Due in part to the closeness of the voting in the previous year's contest, a new voting system was planned to be introduced for this event, which incorporated elements from the two previous voting systems used in the contest: each country's jury would comprise ten members, which would be based in their own country, with each member awarding between one and five votes for each song, with no abstentions allowed and without the option to vote for their own country's entry. This would have resulted in each country potentially awarding a maximum of 50 votes and a minimum of 10 votes to any other country's song; with eighteen planned participating countries, this would have meant that the highest possible score any country could have received was 850, and the lowest possible score was 170. In case of a tie between two or more countries for first place, these acts would have performed again and each country not involved in the tie would have had one vote each to determine the winner. A lottery element to the voting, in order to add greater suspense, was also devised: the order of the voting would have been determined on stage during the voting segment, with cards being drawn at random to decide the order in which countries would vote.[4]

During rehearsals however, it quickly became apparent to the organisers that they had misjudged how long it would take to conduct this new voting system, as well as mounting concerns that any issues with totalling the scores live could exacerbate the problems. Although a computerised system to calculate each country's total had been investigated, this was rejected for cost reasons. Ultimately the contest's executive producer Bill Cotton took the unilateral decision to abandon the proposed voting system and, given the jury structure of ten people had already been established and jury members had most likely already been recruited by the broadcasters, determined that the only alternative was to revert to the scoring system last used in 1970: each of the ten jury members had one vote to award to their favourite song. The lottery aspect of the voting system was, however, retained, although due to timing and sound quality reasons this draw was held before the contest by the EBU's scrutineer Clifford Brown.[2][4][28]

Contest overview

[edit]
Prior to the event, Dutch duo Mouth and MacNeal were considered among the favourites to win the contest.[29][30]

The contest was held on 6 April 1974, beginning at 21:30 (BST) and lasting 1 hour and 49 minutes.[2][12] The contest was presented by the British television presenter and actress Katie Boyle, who had previously presented the contest in 1960, 1963 and 1968. Having hosted the contest four times, Boyle holds the record for most contest appearances as a presenter as of 2024.[2][31][32] Following the confirmation of the eighteen planned participating countries, the draw to determine the running order (R/O) of the contest was held on 5 December 1973; prior to its withdrawal, France was scheduled to perform in fourteenth position, between the entries from Ireland and Germany.[4][12]

The interval act was a pre-recorded video montage featuring the Wombles, a novelty pop band based on the children's characters of the same name, in various locations across Brighton.[33][34][35] The medallions awarded to the winning songwriters were presented by the Director-General of the BBC and the President of the European Broadcasting Union, Charles Curran.[33][35]

The winner was Sweden represented by the song "Waterloo", composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, written by Stig Anderson and performed by ABBA.[36] It was Sweden's first contest win.[28][37]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1974[38][39]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Finland Carita "Keep Me Warm" 4 13
2  United Kingdom Olivia Newton-John "Long Live Love" 14 4
3  Spain Peret "Canta y sé feliz" 10 9
4  Norway Anne-Karine and the Bendik Singers "The First Day of Love" 3 14
5  Greece Marinella "Krassi, thalassa ke t' agori mou" 7 11
6  Israel Poogy "Natati La Khaiai" 11 7
7  Yugoslavia Korni Grupa "Generacija '42" 6 12
8  Sweden ABBA "Waterloo" 24 1
9  Luxembourg Ireen Sheer "Bye Bye I Love You" 14 4
10  Monaco Romuald "Celui qui reste et celui qui s'en va" 14 4
11  Belgium Jacques Hustin "Fleur de liberté" 10 9
12  Netherlands Mouth and MacNeal "I See a Star" 15 3
13  Ireland Tina Reynolds "Cross Your Heart" 11 7
14  Germany Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" 3 14
15   Switzerland Piera Martell "Mein Ruf nach dir" 3 14
16  Portugal Paulo de Carvalho "E depois do adeus" 3 14
17  Italy Gigliola Cinquetti "Sì" 18 2

Spokespersons

[edit]

Each country nominated a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[6][40] Known spokespersons at the 1974 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

[edit]

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[38] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in a predetermined order chosen at random, with the spokespersons announcing their country's votes in English or French in performance order.[4][33] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below, with voting countries listed in the order in which they presented their votes.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1974[45][46]
Total score
Finland
Luxembourg
Israel
Norway
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Greece
Ireland
Germany
Portugal
Netherlands
Sweden
Spain
Monaco
Switzerland
Belgium
Italy
Contestants
 Finland 4 2 1 1
United Kingdom 14 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 3
Spain 10 1 2 1 2 1 3
Norway 3 1 1 1
Greece 7 1 4 2
Israel 11 2 1 2 2 1 3
Yugoslavia 6 1 1 1 1 2
Sweden 24 5 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 5
Luxembourg 14 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2
Monaco 14 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Belgium 10 3 2 5
Netherlands 15 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 1
Ireland 11 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
Germany 3 1 1 1
Switzerland 3 1 1 1
Portugal 3 1 2
Italy 18 2 1 1 5 1 1 2 4 1

Broadcasts

[edit]

Broadcasters competing in the event were required to relay the contest via its networks; non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest. Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[22]

In addition to the participating nations, which, with the exception of Italy, all broadcast the contest live on television, the contest was also reportedly aired, live or deferred, by broadcasters in Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Japan, Jordan, Iceland, Morocco, Poland, South Korea, the Soviet Union and Tunisia. In addition to television coverage, participating broadcasters in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom were also reported to have relayed the contest via radio.[4] Although the script for the contest's opening remarks by Katie Boyle suggested that around 500 million viewers were expected to watch and listen to the contest, the EBU later put the actual estimated figure for the total audience at 231 million.[4]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Belgium RTB RTB, RTB 1 [47]
BRT BRT, BRT 1 [48][49]
 Finland YLE TV1, Yleisohjelma [fi] Matti Paalosmaa [fi] [41][50]
Ruotsinkielinen ohjelma Åke Grandell [fi]
 Germany ARD Deutsches Fernsehen [51]
 Greece EIRT EIRT [52]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ Mike Murphy [53][54]
RTÉ Radio [55]
 Israel IBA Israeli Television [56]
 Italy RAI Secondo Programma,[b] Secondo Programma[b] Rosanna Vaudetti [57][58]
 Luxembourg CLT RTL Télé-Luxembourg [59]
 Netherlands NOS Nederland 2 Willem Duys [49][30]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet John Andreassen [60]
NRK Erik Heyerdahl [no]
 Portugal RTP I Programa Artur Agostinho [61][62]
ENR Emissora Nacional Programa 1
 Spain TVE TVE 1 José Luis Uribarri [63][64]
RNE Radio Nacional Carlos Tena [65][66]
Radio Peninsular de Huelva [es] [67]
SER Radio Girona [ca] [68]
Radio Murcia [es] [69]
Radio Sevilla [es] [70]
Radio San Sebastián [71]
Radio Valladolid [es] [72]
 Sweden SR TV1 Johan Sandström [sv] [73]
SR P3 Ursula Richter [sv] [74]
  Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Theodor Haller [de] [51]
TSR Georges Hardy [fr] [75]
TSI [76]
DRS 1[c] Max Rüeger [de] [77]
RSR 1 Robert Burnier [78]
Radio Monte Ceneri [76]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 David Vine [79]
BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2 Terry Wogan [80][81]
BFBS BFBS Radio Richard Astbury [12]
 Yugoslavia JRT TV Beograd 1 [82]
TV Koper-Capodistria [83]
TV Ljubljana 1 [sl] [84]
TV Zagreb 1 [85]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Austria ORF FS2 Ernst Grissemann [86][87]
 France ORTF Première Chaîne[d] Pierre Tchernia [88]
 Hungary MTV MTV1[e] [89]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið [90]
 Japan Fuji Television[f] Shizue Abe and Ben Okano [91]
 Malta MBA National Network Victor Aquilina [92]
 Netherlands Antilles Voz di Aruba[g] [93]
 Poland TP TP1[h] [94]
PR PR1[i] [95]
 South Korea KBS KBS[j] [96]
 Romania TVR Programul 1[k] [97]
 Turkey TRT TRT Televizyon [98]

Legacy

[edit]
ABBA
Olivia Newton-John
ABBA (left) and Olivia Newton-John (right) both achieved considerable worldwide success after representing Sweden and the United Kingdom, respectively, in the 1974 contest.

The 1974 contest has retrospectively gained notability for a number of aspects, particularly due to the success of some of the competing acts, as well as political developments within Europe that have indirect links to this edition of the event. Two competing artists at this year's event, in particular, went on to sustained worldwide success after the contest: Sweden's ABBA and the United Kingdom's Olivia Newton-John.

The individual members of ABBA had made previous attempts to reach Eurovision, participating in Sweden's national selection, Melodifestivalen, several times, both as a group and individually. Anni-Frid Lyngstad participated in Melodifestivalen 1969, placing fourth with the song "Härlig är vår jord", while Benny Andersson competed in the same edition as a songwriter, placing second with the song "Hej clown" performed by Jan Malmsjö. Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus subsequently competed as a songwriting partnership in 1972, penning the Lena Andersson song "Säg det med en sång", which placed third. Following the formation of ABBA, the group (performing under the name "Björn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni-Frid") competed in Melodifestivalen 1973 with the song "Ring Ring", which ultimately placed third. While "Ring Ring" was popular within European markets, wider success for the group, particularly in English-speaking markets, proved elusive, and the group saw Eurovision as a launchpad for exposure among these markets, resulting in a further attempt to get to the contest in 1974.[99][100] Although "Waterloo" had been written with Eurovision in mind, the group also considered submitting the song "Hasta Mañana" to Swedish broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), as the latter song was felt to be more in-line with the songs that had done well in Eurovision in previous years. Ultimately, however, "Waterloo" was chosen, given it was more likely to be unlike other entries submitted, and therefore would stand out more; "Hasta Mañana" was also mainly sung only by Agnetha Fältskog, whereas with "Waterloo" all four members of the group could give their vocals to the song.[2][5][100]

Following the group's win, "Waterloo" went on to top the charts in multiple European countries, including the UK singles chart, as well as reaching the top ten in the Billboard Hot 100.[5][29] Long-term success for the group, however, did not materialise until the release of "SOS" in 1975, which allowed the group to shrug off a perception of being "one-hit wonders" and led to a string of hits through the rest of the 1970s and early 1980s, which catapulted the foursome to become one of the best-selling music groups of all time.[100][101] ABBA's international success within the global music scene, starting from their Eurovision win, additionally led to a large growth in the accessibility of Swedish pop music worldwide, with Sweden often considered a superpower in the realm of music export and claims made by the 2000s of being the third-largest exporter of music globally, behind only the United States and the United Kingdom.[102][103]

Olivia Newton-John was in the early stages of her career when she was approached by the BBC to represent the United Kingdom at Eurovision; she had achieved previous success in the charts in both the UK and US, particularly with country pop songs, and had been a frequent guest on the It's Cliff Richard show, fronted by two-time Eurovision entrant for the United Kingdom Cliff Richard.[29][104] Newton-John had performed six songs at that year's A Song for Europe contest, with "Long Live Love" being chosen by the viewing public through postcard voting; although it was considered a favourite to win the contest, she later told the press after placing fourth that she felt the wrong song had been chosen and that she would have preferred to have performed a ballad.[5][12][104] Newton-John subsequently achieved considerable success in the United States and global recognition after starring in the musical films Grease (1978) and Xanadu (1980).[105][106]

Following the contest, the Portuguese entry, "E depois do adeus" by Paulo de Carvalho, played a large part in the launching of the Carnation Revolution, which ultimately led to the overthrow of the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, setting Portugal along a path towards the reestablishment of democracy and ending the country's war with its African colonies. The broadcast of the song on radio in the evening of 24 April 1974 was used as a signal to alert rebelling officers in the Portuguese army to begin the coup, which kicked off overnight following the playing of another song, "Grândola, vila morena" by José Afonso, in the early hours of 25 April.[107][108][109]

The Italian broadcaster Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI) did not air the contest for two months due to the content of its own entry. The contest coincided with the campaigning period for a referendum on abolishing divorce within the country, which was held a month after the contest, and there were fears that the Italian entry, "Sì" ("Yes") by Gigliola Cinquetti, could have been seen as an attempt to sway the result of the vote.[4][110] The contest was, however, available to watch in parts of northern Italy where transmissions of Swiss and Yugoslav Italian-language television were accessible.[111][112] The contest was eventually broadcast on RAI on 6 June 1974, a month after the referendum.[57][113]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[18]
  2. ^ a b Delayed broadcast on 6 June 1974 at 21:15 (CEST)[57][58]
  3. ^ Delayed broadcast on 9 April 1974 at 21:30 (CET)[77]
  4. ^ Delayed shortened broadcast on 9 April 1974 at 20:30 (CET), lasting one hour and ten minutes and featuring only the participating entries, with no postcards, voting sequence or winner's reprise, followed by the announcement of the winner by Pierre Tchernia and a pre-recorded presentation of the planned French entry, "La Vie à vingt-cinq ans" by Dani.[88][13]
  5. ^ Delayed broadcast on 25 May 1974 at 21:45 (CET)[89]
  6. ^ Delayed broadcast on 29 April 1974[91]
  7. ^ Delayed broadcast on 5 May 1974 at 17:00 (ADT)[93]
  8. ^ Delayed broadcast on 11 January 1975 at 23:15 (CET)[94]
  9. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 5 May 1974 at 21:00 (CET)[95]
  10. ^ Delayed broadcast on 19 June 1974 at 19:45 (KST)[96]
  11. ^ Delayed broadcast on 20 April 1974 at 22:15 (EET)[97]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "United Kingdom – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Brighton 1974". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Heritage Stories – Architecture". Brighton Dome. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Roxburgh 2014, pp. 142–148.
  5. ^ a b c d e "'Waterloo' at 50: Revisiting ABBA's charge to Eurovision victory in 1974". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 5 April 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d "How it works". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Luxembourg 1973". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Luxembourg – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Spain – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  10. ^ Robichaud, David (14 May 2016). "7 times the Eurovision Song Contest was not hosted by the winning country". EuroVisionary. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  11. ^ "Israel – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Roxburgh 2014, pp. 149–161.
  13. ^ a b 19ème Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1974 [19th Eurovision Song Contest 1974] (Television broadcast) (in French). Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF) and British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 9 April 1974. Retrieved 27 June 2023 – via Institut national de l'audiovisuel (INA).
  14. ^ "Sì! Gigliola Cinquetti returns to the Eurovision Grand Final". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 4 May 2022. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Recalling the Copenhagen contest of 50 years ago". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  16. ^ Sanabria-Rangel, Álvaro (10 April 2021). "Eurovision 1976: Norway's Anne-Karine Strøm in focus". EuroVisionary. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  17. ^ "Brighton 1974 – Participants". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  18. ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs] (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  19. ^ a b Roxburgh 2014, p. 164.
  20. ^ "The Organisers behind the Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  21. ^ O'Connor 2010, p. 210.
  22. ^ a b "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  23. ^ Roxburgh 2014, pp. 113–116.
  24. ^ "Dublin 1971". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  25. ^ Roxburgh 2014, pp. 51–53.
  26. ^ West 2020, pp. 87–90, "1974".
  27. ^ Nicholls-Lee, Deborah (6 April 2024). "Abba won Eurovision Song Contest in Brighton 50 years ago today". The Argus. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Milestone Moments: 1974 - The arrival of ABBA". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  29. ^ a b c Petridis, Alexis (5 April 2024). "Abba, cabaret and smug marionettes: the 1974 Eurovision song contest reviewed!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  30. ^ a b Van Dijk, Ale (6 April 1974). "Eurovisie songfestival volgend jaar bij ons" [Eurovision Song Contest with us next year]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). Rijnmond, Netherlands. p. 5. Retrieved 1 July 2022 – via Delpher.
  31. ^ Zwart, Josianne (21 March 2018). "Katie Boyle, iconic Eurovision Song Contest host, dies at 91". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  32. ^ Barker, Dennis (20 March 2018). "Katie Boyle obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  33. ^ a b c Eurovision Song Contest 1974 (Television programme) (in English and French). Brighton, United Kingdom: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 6 April 1974.
  34. ^ "37 years ago today - ABBA take the title with Waterloo". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  35. ^ a b O'Connor 2010, p. 217.
  36. ^ "Brighton 1974 – ABBA". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Sweden – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  38. ^ a b c Roxburgh 2014, pp. 161–163.
  39. ^ "Brighton 1974 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Lugano to Liverpool: Broadcasting Eurovision". National Science and Media Museum. 24 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  41. ^ a b "Carita ensimmäisenä Eurovisiokilpailussa" [Carita up first in the Eurovision Song Contest]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland. 6 April 1974. p. 45. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  42. ^ "Facets of Eurovision's Song Contest '75". Times of Malta. 31 March 1975. p. 7.
  43. ^ Thorsson & Verhage 2006, pp. 108–109.
  44. ^ "Helga Vlahović: 1990 presenter has died". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  45. ^ "Brighton 1974 – Detailed voting results". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  46. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1974 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  47. ^ "Radio- und TV-programm – Samstag, den 6. April 1974" [Radio and TV programme – Saturday, April 6, 1974]. Grenz-Echo and St. Vither Zeitung [de] (in German). Eupen, Belgium. 5 April 1974. p. 5. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  48. ^ "TV Programma" [TV Programme]. De Voorpost (in Dutch). Aalst, Belgium. 5 April 1974. p. 31. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  49. ^ a b "Televisie | Radio" [Television | Radio]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). Amsterdam, Netherlands. 6 April 1974. p. 41. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  50. ^ "Radio ja TV" [Radio and TV]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland. 6 April 1974. p. 45. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  51. ^ a b "Fernsehen – Samstag" [Television – Saturday]. Der Bund (in German). Bern, Switzerland. 7 April 1974. p. 53. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  52. ^ "Τηλεόρασις" [Televisions]. Makedonia (in Greek). Thessaloniki, Greece. 6 April 1974. p. 3. Retrieved 21 September 2024 – via National Library of Greece.
  53. ^ "Television Today". The Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. 6 April 1974. p. 21. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  54. ^ Bedell, Roy (7 April 1973). Irish Eurovision delegation arrive home (1974) (Photograph). Dublin Airport, Dublin, Ireland. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2022 – via RTÉ Libraries and Archives.
  55. ^ "Radio Today". The Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. 6 April 1974. p. 21. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  56. ^ "טלוויזיה כללית" [General television]. Al HaMishmar (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 5 April 1974. p. 47. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  57. ^ a b c "TV | 6 giugno | giovedi" [TV | 6 June | Thursday]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 51, no. 23. 2–8 June 1974. pp. 60–61. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  58. ^ a b "radio – giovedi 6 giugno" [radio – Thursday 6 June]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 51, no. 23. 2–8 June 1974. pp. 62–63. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  59. ^ "Télé-programmes – samedi 6 avril" [Tele-programmes – Saturday April 6]. Luxemburger Wort (in German and French). Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. 5 April 1974. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via National Library of Luxembourg.
  60. ^ "Radio & TV-programmene" [Radio & TV programmes]. Moss Dagblad (in Norwegian). Moss, Norway. 6 April 1974. p. 4. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
  61. ^ "Televisão | Rádio" [Television | Radio]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 6 April 1974. p. 26. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
  62. ^ Castrim, Mário (7 April 1974). "Um Waterloo onde faltou Cambronne" [A Waterloo where Cambronne was missing]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. p. 32. Retrieved 1 July 2022 – via Casa Comum.
  63. ^ "1a Cadena – Sábado" [First Channel – Saturday]. Tele Pueblo (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain. 6 April 1974. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 25 June 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica [es].
  64. ^ HerGar, Paula (28 March 2018). "Todos los comentaristas de la historia de España en Eurovisión (y una única mujer en solitario)" [All the commentators in the history of Spain in Eurovision (and only a single woman)] (in Spanish). Los 40. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  65. ^ "Programas de Radio y Televisión" [Radio and Television Programmes]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 59. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  66. ^ "Eurovision en directo por Radio Nacional de España" [Eurovision live on Radio Nacional de España]. El Eco de Canarias [es] (in Spanish). Las Palmas, Spain. 5 April 1974. p. 10. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
  67. ^ "La radio, hoy" [The radio, today] (PDF). Odiel [es] (in Spanish). Huelva, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 15. Retrieved 9 October 2024 – via Provincial Deputation of Huelva.
  68. ^ "TVE Programas" [TVE Programmes]. Los Sitios [ca] (in Spanish). Girona, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2024 – via Gerona City Hall [es].
  69. ^ "Programas de Radio" [Radio Programmes]. Línea [es] (in Spanish). Region of Murcia, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 22. Retrieved 3 October 2024 – via Archivo Municipal de Murcia.
  70. ^ "Programa de radio para hoy" [Radio schedule for today]. ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). Seville, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 117. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  71. ^ "tv". La Voz de España [es] (in Spanish). San Sebastián, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 16. Retrieved 23 August 2024 – via Koldo Mitxelena Cultural Center [eu].
  72. ^ "Radio y Television" [Radio and Television]. Libertad [es] (in Spanish). Valladolid, Spain. 6 April 1974. p. 4. Retrieved 3 December 2024 – via Virtual Library of Historical Press [es].
  73. ^ "tv programmen" [tv programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 6 April 1974. p. 33.
  74. ^ "radioprogrammen" [radio programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 6 April 1974. p. 33.
  75. ^ "TV – samedi 6 avril" [TV – Saturday 6 April]. Radio TV – Je vois tout (in French). No. 14. Lausanne, Switzerland. 4 April 1974. pp. 30–31. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via Scriptorium.
  76. ^ a b "Radio Televisione" [Radio Television]. Gazzetta Ticinese [it] (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland. 6 April 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via Sistema bibliotecario ticinese [it].
  77. ^ a b "Radio". Der Bund (in German). Bern, Switzerland. 9 April 1974. p. 46. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  78. ^ "Radio – samedi 6 avril" [Radio – Saturday 6 April]. Radio TV – Je vois tout (in French). No. 14. Lausanne, Switzerland. 4 April 1974. pp. 60–61. Retrieved 6 January 2023 – via Scriptorium.
  79. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1974 – BBC1". Radio Times. 6 April 1974. Retrieved 1 July 2022 – via BBC Genome Project.
  80. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1974 – BBC Radio 2". Radio Times. 6 April 1974. Retrieved 1 July 2022 – via BBC Genome Project.
  81. ^ "Schedule – BBC Radio 1 – 6 April 1974". Radio Times. 6 April 1974. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
  82. ^ "Телевизија" [Television]. Borba (in Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic script)). Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia. 6 April 1974. p. 20. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Belgrade University Library.
  83. ^ "Radio televizija" [Radio television]. Primorski dnevnik (in Slovenian). Trieste, Italy. 6 April 1974. p. 4. Retrieved 25 October 2023 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
  84. ^ "Program – Televizija danes" [Programme – Television today]. Delo (in Slovenian). Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. 6 April 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 28 October 2024 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
  85. ^ "Tjedni televizijski program – TV Zagreb od 6. travnja do 12. travnja" [Weekly television schedule – TV Zagreb from 6 April to 12 April]. Glas Podravine (in Serbo-Croatian). Koprivnica, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 5 April 1974. p. 16. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin, University of Zagreb [hr].
  86. ^ "TV Avstrija – 2. program – sobota, 6. aprila" [TV Austria – 2nd channel – Saturday 6 April]. Naš tednik (in Slovenian). Klagenfurt, Austria. 28 March 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
  87. ^ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in German). Vienna, Austria. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  88. ^ a b "Téléprevision – Mardi 9 avril" [TV forecast – Tuesday 9 April]. L'Est éclair [fr] (in French). Saint-André-les-Vergers, France. 9 April 1974. p. 13. Retrieved 12 November 2024 – via Aube en Champagne.
  89. ^ a b "TV – kedd május 8" [TV – Tuesday 8 May]. Rádió- és Televízió-újság (in Hungarian). 20 May 1974. p. 20. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via MTVA Archívum.
  90. ^ "'ABBA' með lagið "Waterloo" leggja Evrópu að fótum sér" ['ABBA' with the song "Waterloo" bring Europe to its feet]. Vísir (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 17 May 1974. p. 13. Retrieved 14 March 2023 – via Timarit.is.
  91. ^ a b "From the Music Capitals of the World". Billboard. New York, NY, United States. 18 May 1974. p. 53. Retrieved 17 May 2024 – via Google Books.
  92. ^ "Euro Song Contest – Sweden's runaway victory". Times of Malta. Birkirkara, Malta. 8 April 1974. p. 7.
  93. ^ a b "Boutique Carnaby ta presenta – Diadomingo 5 Mei pa 5.00 di atardi Eurovisie Festival – Atravez di PJA-10 Voz di Aruba" [Boutique Carnaby presents – Sunday 5 May at 5:00 pm Eurovision Festival – Through PJA-10 Voice of Aruba]. Amigoe di Curaçao (in Dutch and Papiamento). Willemstad, Curaçao. 4 May 1974. p. 4. Retrieved 17 July 2024 – via Delpher.
  94. ^ a b "Telewizja – Sobota — 11. I." [Television – Saturday — 11/01]. Trybuna Robotnicza (in Polish). Katowice, Poland. 11–12 January 1975. p. 11. Retrieved 19 September 2024 – via Silesian Digital Library.
  95. ^ a b "Radio – niedziela — 5. V." [Radio – Sunday – 05/05]. Trybuna Robotnicza (in Polish). Katowice, Poland. 4–5 May 1974. p. 11. Retrieved 29 August 2024 – via Silesian Digital Library.
  96. ^ a b "「유럽 放送가요제」" ["European Music Festival"]. Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). Seoul, South Korea. 19 June 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 3 December 2024 – via Naver.
  97. ^ a b "Televiziune – Sîmbătă, 20 aprilie" [Television – Saturday 20 April] (PDF). Flacăra roșie (in Romanian). Arad, Romania. 20 April 1974. p. 4. Retrieved 7 September 2024 – via Biblioteca Județeană "Alexandru D. Xenopol" Arad [ro].
  98. ^ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 6 April 1974. p. 7. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  99. ^ "Ring Ringing in the year: ABBA's other 50th Eurovision anniversary". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  100. ^ a b c Beaumont, Mark (5 April 2024). "How Abba's douze-points energy at Eurovision started a pop revolution". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  101. ^ "The Official Top 20 biggest selling groups of all time revealed!". Official Charts Company. 3 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  102. ^ Hakelius, Johan (22 February 2024). "Abba and engineering: How Swedish music took over the world". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  103. ^ Johansson 2010.
  104. ^ a b Roxburgh 2014, pp. 129–140.
  105. ^ Garrett, Olivia (9 August 2022). "Olivia Newton-John's career highlights: Grease, Eurovision and so much more". Cambridgeshire Live. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  106. ^ Whitmore, Greg (8 August 2022). "Olivia Newton-John: a life and career in pictures". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  107. ^ Duggins, Alexi (13 May 2023). "Did this pop banger just trigger an armed coup? The wild revolutionary politics of Eurovision". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  108. ^ "Paulo de Carvalho conta a história da canção que era 'essencialmente uma canção de amor'" [Paulo de Carvalho tells the story of the song that was 'essentially a love song'] (in Portuguese). Lisbon Municipality. 25 April 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  109. ^ Freire, Tiago (25 April 2014). "Canção do Dia – "E Depois do Adeus" – Paulo de Carvalho" [Song of the Day – "E Depois do Adeus" – Paulo de Carvalho] (in Portuguese). Altamont. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  110. ^ O'Connor 2010, pp. 56–59.
  111. ^ Baldo, Enersto (6 April 1974). "Stasera l'Eurofestival. Lo vedremo tra un mese" [Tonight the Eurovision Song Contest. We'll see it in a month]. La Stampa (in Italian). Turin, Italy. p. 7. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  112. ^ "Il "Sì" della Cinquetti alla televisione svizzera" [Cinquetti's "Sì" on Swiss television]. La Stampa (in Italian). Turin, Italy. 7 April 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  113. ^ "Il "sì" non più proibito" ['Sì' is no longer forbidden]. La Stampa (in Italian). Turin, Italy. 26 May 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 4 April 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurovision Song Contest 1974.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974&oldid=1263384686"