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Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg

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Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
Born8 December 1857 (1857-12-08)
Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Died20 February 1920 (1920-02-21) (aged 62)
Schloß Wiligrad near Lübstorf, Germany
Spouses
Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
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(m. 1886; died 1908)​

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(m. 1909)​
HouseHouse of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
FatherFrederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg
MotherPrincess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz

Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (German: Herzog Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg; given names John Albert Ernest Constantine Frederick Henry; 8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920)[1] was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who served as the regent of two states of the German Empire. He was first regent of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1897 to 1901 for his nephew Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and thereafter regent of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1907 to 1913.

Birth and interests

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Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg was born in Schwerin the fifth child of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and his first wife Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz (1822–1862). Duke John Albert was educated in Dresden, pursued a career in the Prussian Army and was well known for his love of sports.[2] He also developed an interest in Germany's colonial empire, co-founding the Pan-German League and becoming president of the German Colonial Society in 1895.[3]

Regencies

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Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg, regent of the Duchy of Brunswick, during a visit to Susuhunan Pakubuwono X of Surakarta. Dutch East Indies, 1910.

Following the death of his brother Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg on 10 April 1897, Duke John Albert was appointed regent for his young nephew the new Grand Duke, Frederick Francis IV after his older brother Duke Paul Frederick had renounced his claim to the regency. He ruled as regent until his nephew came of age on 9 April 1901 when he assumed personal control of the Grand Duchy.[4]

On 28 May 1907, Duke John Albert was elected regent of the Duchy of Brunswick following the death of Prince Albert of Prussia by the state's diet, accepting the offer he arrived in Brunswick on 5 June 1907.[5] The reason for the regency in Brunswick was that in 1884 when William, Duke of Brunswick died his distant cousin and heir Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover was prevented from taking over the duchy because he refused to renounce his claim to the throne of the Kingdom of Hanover which had been annexed by Prussia in 1866.[6]

Shortly after assuming the regency, Duke John Albert would walk Brunswick in civilian clothes visiting museums, libraries and other institutions in the duchy, asking questions of people to discover their living conditions. After he became too well known to walk unnoticed he established a weekly audience where people could go and present a petition to him. Duke John Albert also cut down on the expenses of the royal household by cutting the number of servants and retainers to the minimum needed to run the household.[7]

The regency came to an end on 1 November 1913 when Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover's son Ernest Augustus was permitted to ascend to Duchy following his marriage to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia the only daughter of the German Emperor William II which helped heal the rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern.[8]

War years

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During the First World War Duke John Albert was active with the German Colonial Society in defending the Germany's colonial possessions from suggestions that they should be abandoned.[9] On 2 September 1917 he was appointed honorary chairman of the pro-war Fatherland Party, a far-right political organization that was one of the precursors to the Nazi Party.[10]

Duke John Albert died in 1920 in Wiligrad castle near Lübstorf aged 62.

Marriages

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John Albert was married twice: firstly in Weimar on 6 November 1886 to Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (28 February 1854–10 July 1908) the daughter of Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach;[11] secondly in Brunswick on 15 December 1909 to Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rossla (1885–1969), who following his death was to marry his half brother Duke Adolf Friedrich in 1924. Both of John Albert's marriages were childless.[1]

Ojimukoka

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Ojimukoka, a small settlement, postoffice and railway station in Namibia, was renamed Johann - Albrechtshöhe, and then simply Albrechts in his honour.[12]

Honours

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German decorations[13]
Foreign decorations[13]

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ a b Huberty, Michel; Alain Giraud; F. B. Magdelaine (1945). L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome VI : Bade-Mecklembourg. A. Giraud. pp. 239, 240. ISBN 978-2-901138-06-8.
  2. ^ "Art and Utility Linked; German Painters Make Their Skill Serve Many Ends". The New York Times. 12 July 1896. p. 10.
  3. ^ Winkler, Heinrich August; Sager, Alexander (2006). Germany: the long road west. Vol. 1. OUP Oxford. p. 316. ISBN 0-19-926597-6.
  4. ^ "Celebration in Schwerin" (PDF). The New York Times. 10 April 1901. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  5. ^ The Statesman's year book. 1913. p. 911.
  6. ^ "Cable News". Fielding Star. 1 June 1907. p. 4.
  7. ^ "Brunswick Ruler a Modern Haroun". The New York Times. 8 July 1907. p. 4.
  8. ^ Heraldica.org
  9. ^ "German Colonies". Grey River Angus. 4 July 1907. p. 3.
  10. ^ Fischer, Fritz (1967). Germany's aims in the First World War. p. 461. ISBN 9780393053470.
  11. ^ Grewolls, Grete (2011): Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Das Personenlexikon. Rostock: Hinstorff Verlag. p. 2460. ISBN 9783356013016
  12. ^ "Is there any value in stamps collection". Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
  13. ^ a b Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1908, p. 3
  14. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1892), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 62, 76
  15. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche-Orden" p. 11
  16. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897, "Herzogliche Orden Heinrich des Löwen" p. 10
  17. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 12
  18. ^ "Johanniter-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 1047{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 6 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
  20. ^ a b c Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1919) p. 19
  21. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
  22. ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 320. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
  23. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
  24. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 441, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
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