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In this Burmese name, the given name is Thinzar Shunlei Yi. There is no family name.
Thinzar Shunlei Yi
သဉ္ဇာရွှန်းလဲ့ရည်
Thinzar Shunlei Yi, c. 2016
Born (1991-11-14) 14 November 1991 (age 33)
Sagaing, Myanmar
EducationBachelor of Education
Alma materYangon University of Education
Occupations
  • Television host
  • author
  • teacher
Years active2012–present
Known forAnti-Tatmadaw activism, organizing Burmese anti-junta protests, mental health activism, hosting Under 30 Dialogue and organizing the #Sisters2Sisters campaign
Awards
  • Emerging Young Leader Award
  • Women of the Future Awards Southeast Asia (Media & Communications)
  • Magnitsky Human Rights Award
  • Obama Foundation Leader for Asia Pacific
Thinzar Shunlei Yi's voice
On the Tatmadaw's use of wartime sexual violence following the 2021 Burmese coup d'état (in English)
Recorded 16 December 2021

Thinzar Shunlei Yi[a] (Burmese: သဉ္ဇာရွှန်းလဲ့ရည်; born 14 November 1991) is a Burmese pro-democracy activist and television host. Following the 2021 Burmese coup d'état, she helped organize mass protests against the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's military). Born in Sagaing to a military family, she originally trained to become a high school teacher, graduating from the Yangon University of Education in 2013. Between 2012 and 2016, Thinzar Shunlei Yi was politically active in executive positions of several youth organizations, and later became a television host on Under 30 Dialogue, a youth-oriented television programme. In 2018, she was charged for unlawful protest against the Rohingya genocide, and was convicted in 2020. After organizing protests against the Tatmadaw in the wake of the 2021 coup d'état, she fled to the jungle and briefly joined an armed rebel group. She lives in exile in Thailand as of 2022, and runs the #Sisters2Sisters anti-wartime sexual violence campaign. She has received the Magnitsky Human Rights Award, and further honors from Women of the Future, the Obama Foundation, and the US Department of State.

Early life

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Thinzar Shunlei Yi was born in military barracks[2] on 14 November 1991[3] in Sagaing, Myanmar, to a Kachin Christian[b] mother[1] and a Burmese Buddhist father who was an army captain.[5] She is the eldest of three children.[4] Being the daughter of a military family, she spent the first sixteen years of her life on military compounds, rarely leaving.[6][7] According to Thinzar Shunlei Yi, her family felt "superior to the other people" outside of the compounds[7] or of lower military rank than her father[4] and enjoyed deference from them.[7] Conversely, her family was expected to respect soldiers of superior military rank and their families.[4] Receiving most of her education from military high schools and Bamar Buddhist institutes, she supported the Tatmadaw as a child.[8] She was taught to "despise" Aung San Suu Kyi.[4] In high school, she witnessed the Saffron Revolution and the ensuing government crackdown, and began "hating" the military regime. Her family disallowed her from attending any of the protests.[9] As a teenager, she was sexually assaulted by a tutor. She experienced clinical depression, and attributed the incident to karma for her actions in a past life at the time.[10] Her family moved every two years, living in Rakhine State and Mon State, among others, and finally settled in Yangon around 2007[4] to 2010.[1]

She attended the Yangon University of Education,[11] training to become a high school teacher.[12] There, during one of her presentations on voter education, she was forced off stage by a teacher in an incident that would inspire her later political activism.[13] She graduated in 2013 with a B.Ed,[11] and subsequently worked as a teacher.[14]

Political activism

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Before 2021

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Thinzar Shunlei Yi speaking at an International Youth Day event

In Yangon, Thinzar Shunlei Yi underwent an ideological change.[1] She grew less supportive of the military after she visited several open forums at the local American Center,[1] taking Aung San Suu Kyi as a role model because she spoke against the Tatmadaw.[2] She learned English at the Center and also volunteered at an orphanage.[4]

She first became politically active in 2012,[15] when she helped organize International Day of Peace[16] and attended a youth forum in Cambodia.[17] She eventually became the first female national coordinator for the National Youth Congress, and the president of the Yangon Youth Network, serving two terms.[18] In 2014, she co-organized the ASEAN Youth Forum, and a International Youth Day celebration, which focused on mental health awareness.[19] During this time, she was frequently harassed online, and her phone number was leaked on pornographic sites.[20][21] She stopped organizing youth forums in 2016, and began working with the NGO coalition Action Committee for Democracy Development, becoming an advocacy coordinator.[18][22]

Aung San Suu Kyi is an accomplice to the Rohingya genocide, and her influence in the country is too much, beyond imagination. She’s beyond a national leader. She’s become more like a goddess. We need a new leadership for the younger generation.

—Thinzar Shunlei Yi (2021)[4]

In 2017, she co-founded and began hosting Under 30 Dialogue, a political youth-oriented television programme on Mizzima TV.[17][23] Sensitive topics such as the Rohingya genocide were often discussed.[5] As a result, the military often attempted to prevent journalists from interviewing her.[5] Following national elections in 2015, Suu Kyi's party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), came into power.[13] In May 2018, Thinzar Shunlei Yi, along with 16 other activists, including poet Maung Saung Kha, were charged with unlawful protest for organizing solidarity protests for internally displaced persons in Kachin State and against the Rohingya genocide.[23][24] After a two year long trial, they were convicted in July 2020.[24] Given the choice between paying a K5,000 fine or staying in jail for a week, all 17 activists chose the former.[24] Thinzar Shunlei Yi experienced severe disillusionment with Suu Kyi, whom she described as an "accomplice to the Rohingya genocide"[4] with a "personality cult"[25] who is not suited to lead a younger generation.[4] Prior to the 2020 elections, Thinzar Shunlei Yi was planning on establishing a new political party with other activists to challenge the Suu Kyi-controlled NLD and the Tatmadaw.[4] She ultimately boycotted the election because the Rohingya people were not allowed to cast ballots.[26] As of April 2023, her plans to establish a new party are still on hold.[4]

Thinzar Shunlei Yi in a 2021 online interview

2021–present: Post-coup d'etat

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On 1 February 2021, General Min Aung Hlaing deposed the democratically elected Suu Kyi in a coup d'état, ushering in a military regime that revoked Mizzima TV's license soon after.[27][17] Thinzar Shunlei Yi, who was residing in her parents' home in Yangon at the time,[5] immediately left and went into hiding to avoid arrest.[28][5] A warrant was announced in March or on 20 April.[22][29] She attended and organized several protests during this period,[13][27] and led a march to the Sule Pagoda.[29] Inter Press Service described her as a "main organiser" of the Civil Disobedience Movement.[30] Frequent doxing by pro-junta accounts posed a significant security risk, so she often switched hiding places in the Yangon region.[5][20] According to her, approximately thirty of her friends were arrested, and all were physically or sexually abused in custody.[29] In mid-March, she fled Yangon to avoid endangering her family,[4] took refuge in the dense Burmese jungle, joined a rebel group, and trained in the usage of firearms.[5] After a month of training, she decided that she did not want to kill, and left the group.[5] In May, she testified via video link before the Foreign Affairs Select Committee of the British House of Commons about the state of Myanmar under the military junta.[31] In June 2021, she told news media that she was near a border, but refused to specify which one.[4] Soon after, she fled to neighboring Thailand.[5]

She refused to disclose her exact whereabouts in January 2022 for safety reasons.[5] She is a frequent contributor on Western news outlets such as CNN and The Australian,[5] and published an autobiography with a French journalist in 2022.[5] In 2021, Thinzar Shunlei Yi announced the establishment of the #Sisters2Sisters campaign, which aims to raise awareness about sexual violence perpetrated by the military junta, by posting a staged photo of herself with bruises.[32] She invited participants in the campaign to "stage torture photos in solidarity with women in interrogation centers".[32] In 2023, #Sisters2Sisters, in collaboration with Myanmar Witness, analysed over a million posts from 100 pro- and anti-regime Telegram accounts and discovered that abusive language against women increased eightfold following the 2021 coup d'état.[20]

Awards and honours

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Thinzar Shunlei Yi at the 2016 Emerging Young Leaders Award ceremony

In 2016, Thinzar Shunlei Yi won one of ten Emerging Young Leader Award from the US Department of State for her organization of the ASEAN Youth Forum and International Youth Day celebrations, along with her mental health activism.[19][33][34][11] Three years later, she won in the Media & Communications category of the Women of the Future Awards Southeast Asia.[35][22] That same year, she became an inaugural Obama Foundation Leader for Asia Pacific.[22][36] Post coup d'état, she was awarded a Magnitsky Human Rights Award for Outstanding Young Activist for her advocacy for internally displaced persons in Kachin State, her organization of peace marches on the International Day of Peace, and her establishment of the #Sisters2Sisters campaign.[22][33]

Notes

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  1. ^ Also transliterated Thinzar Shun Lei Yi[1]
  2. ^ The Times refers to Thinzar Shunlei Yi's mother as Buddhist[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "5 female activists who are changing Myanmar". Myanmar Mix. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Livre international - "Mon combat contre la junte birmane"". RFI (in French). 10 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  3. ^ Thinzar Shunlei Yi [@thinzashunleiyi] (14 November 2021). ""On my 30th Birthday, I want to simply say, thank you to the people of Myanmar esp women..."" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 April 2023 – via Twitter.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Parry, Richard Lloyd. "Thinzar Shunlei Yi and the future of Myanmar: 'Aung San Suu Kyi broke my heart'". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Patrick Zoll; Aung Naing Soe (19 January 2022). "Inside the rebel groups fighting Myanmar's ruling regime". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  6. ^ Sargent, Allison (18 October 2021). "Perspective – Myanmar activist: 'The risk I'm taking is nothing compared to people on the ground'". France 24. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Slow, Oliver (2023). Return of the Junta: Why Myanmar’s Military Must Go Back to the Barracks. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 9781350289635.
  8. ^ Davis, Matt; Worthington, Anne (28 July 2021). "Swe got shot by a 'stray bullet'. Then a chilling message revealed the truth". ABC News. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  9. ^ Rising Above Hatred - A Myanmar Story | #ExtremeLives with Thinzar Shunlei Yi full episode on YouTube. August 23, 2018
  10. ^ Droulers, Annabelle (18 December 2015). "Breaking the silence on youth depression in Burma". DVB. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  11. ^ a b c "2nd International Conference on Youth Volunteering & Dialogue Participants" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Freedom Lecture: Thinzar Shunlei Yi" on YouTube. July 3, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c Walker, Tommy (13 March 2021). "We 'Have the Mind to Win This Battle' – Myanmar Activist Speaks Out About Coup, Crackdown". VOA. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  14. ^ Baker, Nick; Mason, Brett (6 June 2019). "Activist who once idolised Myanmar's Aung San Suu Kyi warns political system has 'failed' the country". SBS News. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  15. ^ Bociaga, Robert (1 February 2022). "Myanmar's Military Mindset". The Diplomat. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  16. ^ Chen Shaua Fui (13 September 2013). "In Burma, the Internet is the new political battleground". IFEX. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  17. ^ a b c Mandhana, Niharika; Solomon, Feliz (11 March 2021). "Youths Take the Lead In Myanmar Protests" (PDF). The Wall Street Journal. p. A10.
  18. ^ a b "Thinzar Shunlei Yi | One Young World". One Young World. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Emerging Young Leaders Award – Thinzar Shunlei Yi". Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs Exchange Programs. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  20. ^ a b c Munsi, Pallabi (7 February 2023). "They released a sex video to shame and silence her. She's one of many women in Myanmar doxxed and abused on Telegram by supporters of the military". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  21. ^ McLaughlin, Timothy (11 February 2021). "Why Did It Take a Coup?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d e "Thinzar Shunlei Yi | The Magnitsky Human Rights Awards". 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  23. ^ a b Naing, Shoon; McPherson, Poppy (1 December 2018). "Lost idol: New wave of Myanmar youth activists look beyond Suu Kyi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  24. ^ a b c Naw Betty Han (27 July 2020). "Myanmar activists face a new opponent: the public". Frontier Myanmar. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  25. ^ Gunia, Amy (15 February 2021). "Taking down a tarnished icon". The Brief. p. 13.
  26. ^ Nachemson, Andrew. "Ethnic tension, conflicts key concern for Myanmar's incoming MPs". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  27. ^ a b Chen, Aria (23 March 2021). "'Risking Everything.' Myanmar Activist Talks About Her Fight". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  28. ^ Goldberg, Jacob (15 February 2021). "Myanmar Activist: We Want Our Own Script". New Naratif. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  29. ^ a b c Jha, Preeti (28 June 2021). "'Life is at a turning point': Inside Myanmar's resistance". New Internationalist. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  30. ^ Jagan, Larry (8 February 2021). "Myanmar Faces Increasing Uncertainty as Opposition to the Military Coup Grows". Inter Press Service.
  31. ^ "Oral evidence: The Myanmar crisis, HC 203". House of Commons. 25 May 2021. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  32. ^ a b Prasse-Freeman, Elliott (2023). Bullets and boomerangs: Proleptic uses of failure in myanmar's anti-coup uprising. Public Culture, 35(1), 73-112. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10202416
  33. ^ a b "Thinzar Shunlei Yi". InterviewHer. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  34. ^ Dockins, Pamela (20 April 2016). "Young Leaders Honored for Innovative Initiatives". VOA. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  35. ^ "Myanmar women win big in Women of the Future Awards Southeast Asia 2019". Mizzima Myanmar News and Insight. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  36. ^ "Leader Thinzar Shunlei Yi from 2019 Leaders Asia-Pacific". Obama Foundation. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
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