Santahar massacre
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| Location | Santahar, Bogra, East Pakistan |
| Date | March 27 - April 17, 1971 |
| Target | Biharis and non-Bengalis[1] |
Attack type | Ethnic cleansing |
| Weapons | Ram-daos |
| Deaths | 1,000+ killed |
| Perpetrators | Mukti Bahini |
| Part of a series on |
| Violence against Muhajirs |
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| Pakistan |
| Bangladesh |
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Santahar massacre was a massacre of thousands of men, women and children in the railway town of Santahar located in Naogaon District of East Pakistan.[2][3]
Background
[edit]Santahar was a railway town in Bogra District, a home to about 15,000 non-Bengalis in 1971 who lived in various neighbourhoods of the town.[4]
Eyewitness accounts state that on March 26, 1971, clashes emerged between Bengalis and Urdu-speaking inhabitants of the area.[4]
At dawn of March 27, a contingent of East Pakistan Rifles, policemen and East Pakistan Ansars arrived from Naogaon Cantonment and asked the Biharis to lay down their arms.[5] However, these soldiers turned out to be rebels who committed desertion and joined the Bangladesh Forces.[4]
In the afternoon of the same day of March 27, Biharis took refuge at the Jama Masjid of Chaibagan – close to the railway station –where eyewitnesses say that an armed mob entered the mosque and killed nearly all the people present in its open courtyard.[4] About 60 people were massacred.[4]
April 10 - April 17
[edit]On 10 April, armed men attacked a factory where people had been taking refuge since 27 March were killed with machetes, swords and rods. By the evening, when the massacre of the men had been completed, the Mukti Bahini men ordered the women and children either to return to their homes or to go to the railway station.[4]
Victims allege that the Mukti Bahini men came everyday to the platform every day to ‘choose’ people to be taken to a bamboo hut of Haat Maidan. The Mukti Bahini announced that the station was to be made functional and the train service was now to be resumed.[4]
However two days later on April 17, they began murdering all civilians.
By April 17, the Mukti Bahini had massacred all the non-Bengali residents of Santahar.[4][6] Tahira, a survivor who hid the house of a Bengali family said:
“On the morning of 17, armed men encircled the entire Station Colony and started closing in from all directions. It was a wholesale massacre in which there was no amnesty for anyone.”[4]
Another survivor, Syed Pervez Afsar alleges that Bihari children had been killed, their bodies were dumped in the Rupsha river, while survivors were hunted down with machetes by boarding on boats.[4]
non-Bengalis were also raped by the Mukti Bahini according to reports.[5][7]
Aftermath and reactions
[edit]On April 22, 1971, Pakistan Army captured the Santahar railway station with the help of the local winemaker.[5]
Ishrat Ferdousi, a researcher on 1971 atrocities, said attacks on Biharis can be termed as “genocide." Sarmila Bose in her book in 2011, Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War argues that Bengalis are in a state of denial about the massacre.[2]
The Bangladesh Liberation War Museum has downplayed the massacre, calling them "isolated instances of mob violence."[4]
Ezaz Ahmed Chowdhury, a Bihari community leader said:
Everyone talks about the killings of Bengalis (by the Pakistani army) in 1971. But none dares to mention the pogroms that were carried out against Biharis, We estimate that hundreds of thousands of Biharis were killed. In (northwestern) Santahar town alone, several thousand were killed in a matter of days[8]
See also
[edit]- Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh
- Rape during the War in East Pakistan of 1971
- Human rights in East Pakistan
- Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
- Bihari diaspora
References
[edit]- ^ Kamrani, Farrukh (December 16, 2017). "Tales of survivors: 1971 war, the ordeal of the non-Bengalis | The only group whose killing could qualify the definition of genocide were non-Bengali residents of East Pakistan". The Express Tribune. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ a b AFP (23 November 2011). "Bangladesh war trial sparks rival calls for justice". Dawn. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ "Controversial book accuses Bengalis of 1971 war crimes". BBC News. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Fall of Dhaka: How Mukti Bahini 'cleansed' Santahar town of non-Bengalis". The Express Tribune. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ a b c "Fall of Dhaka: Winemaker's tale of selfless love and sacrifice". The Express Tribune. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ Tubes, Urdu. B&T: B&T. Urdu-Books-Tube.
- ^ Ansari, Azmat (December 16, 2019). "Fall of Dhaka: A debacle borne of self-censorship and lies Western media has long upheld a biased narrative of the situation in East Pakistan". The Express Tribune. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
- ^ "Bangladesh war trial sparks rival calls for justice". Dawn. November 23, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
- 1971 Bangladesh genocide
- Bangladeshi war crimes
- Bogra District
- Massacres in 1971
- Racism in Bangladesh
- March 1971 events in Bangladesh
- April 1971 events in Bangladesh
- Mukti Bahini
- Anti-Bihari sentiment
- Mass stabbings in Bangladesh
- Stabbing attacks in 1971
- Attacks on mosques in Bangladesh
- Mosque massacres in Asia
- Sword attacks in Asia
- Knife attacks in Asia
- Attacks on buildings and structures in 1971
- 1970s in Islam
- 20th-century attacks on mosques