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Saho-hime

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Saho-hime
狭穂姫命
Saho-hime burning in her brother's palace (by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi)
Empress consort of Japan
Tenure28–25 BC
Born?
Died25 BC
SpouseEmperor Suinin
IssueHomutsuwake no Mikoto [ja]
FatherHikoimasu [ja]
MotherSahono Okuramitome [ja]
ReligionShinto

Saho-hime[a] (狭穂姫命) was the legendary empress consort of Japan from 28 BC to 25 BC.[1][2]

Life

[edit]

In both the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki, she was a granddaughter of Emperor Kaika and gave birth to one son who, according to the Nihon Shoki could not speak.[3] Saho-hime died during a rebellion caused by her older brother, Sahohiko.[2] Sahohiko tried to persuade her to kill her husband Emperor Suinin. He asked her whom she loved more, him or the Emperor. When she said the Emperor he reminded her that he had other mistresses. This plan worked and she agreed to kill Emperor Suinin.[3] Saho-hime almost killed the Emperor but she cried and her tears woke the Emperor up. She revealed the plot by her brother to him out of guilt.[4] Infuriated that his brother-in-law tried to make his wife kill him, the Emperor sent his troops to his brother-in-law's palace to take his life.[3]

The Nihon Shoki's account of her demise

[edit]

After her husband sent troops to her brother's castle, in the Nihon Shoki, Saho-hime went to her brother's palace with their son out of guilt for attempting to kill the Emperor, and refused to leave until it burned down. As it was burning, her brother escaped, along with Saho-hime's son but the Empress died.[3]

The Kojiki's account of her demise

[edit]

In the Kojiki, after Emperor Suinin woke up and Saho-hime went to her brother's castle she gave birth. The Emperor ordered his guards to turn away until she gave birth, and then retrieve her. While the palace was still burning she gave birth.[5] As the Emperor's men came to retrieve Saho-hime's newborn, the child was placed outside the fortress and Saho-hime shaved her head. As the men took Saho-hime, her clothes fell off, as did her hair allowing her to escape.[4][5] The Emperor was angered and as she was escaping asked her to choose a name for the child. She chose the name Homutsuwake (fire-possessing lord) as the palace was burning whilst she was giving birth. Whilst she and her brother were escaping Suinin killed her brother and Saho-hime herself. [4][5]

Legacy

[edit]

It is believed Saho-hime is the deity that lives on Mount Saho and is the goddess of spring.[6]

There is a poem attributed to Emperor Go-Toba about her:[6]

"The hazy clothes of Princess Saho are faded, and the flower brocades are quickly faded"

Family tree

[edit]
Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime[7] Ōkuninushi[8][9]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[10]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[11]
Kotoshironushi[12][13] Tamakushi-hime[11] Takeminakata[14][15] Susa Clan[16]
1 Jimmu[17]1Himetataraisuzu-hime[17]Kamo no Okimi[12][18]Mirahime [ja]
2 Suizei[19][20][21][22][23][24] 2Isuzuyori-hime[22][23][24][18][25]Kamuyaimimi[19][20][21]
3 Annei[26][12][22][23][24]〔Ō clan[27][28]〕〔Aso clan[29]〕3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime[30][12]Kamo clan
TakakurajiMiwa clan
4 Itoku[26][12]Ikisomimi no mikoto [ja][26]Ame no Murakumo [ja]
4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto [ja][26]Amaoshio no mikoto [ja]
5 Emperor Kōshō[26][12][31]5Yosotarashi-hime[12]Okitsu Yoso [ja]
6 Emperor Kōan[12]Prince Ameoshitarashi [ja][31]Owari clan
6Oshihime [ja][12][31]〔Wani clan〕[32]
7 Emperor Kōrei[33][12][31][34] 7Kuwashi-hime[34]
8 Emperor Kōgen[35][34]8Utsushikome [ja][35]Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso[33]Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto[36]Wakatakehiko [ja]
9Ikagashikome[b] [38][39]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto [ja][39]9 Emperor Kaika[35]Prince Ohiko [ja][40]〔Kibi clan〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto [ja][39]10 Emperor Sujin[41][42]10Mimaki-hime[43]〔Abe clan〕[40]
Takenouchi no Sukune[39]11 Emperor Suinin[44][45]11Saho-hime[46]12Hibasu-hime [ja][47]Yasaka Iribiko[48][49][50]Toyosukiiri-hime [ja][51]Nunaki-iri-hime [ja][33]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto[52]
〔Katsuragi clan〕13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume [ja]12 Emperor Keiko[45][47]14Yasakairi-hime [ja][48][49][50]
Otoyo no mikoto [ja]
Futaji Irihime [ja][53]Yamato Takeru[54][55]Miyazu-himeTakeinadane [ja] Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu[54][55]
14Emperor Chūai[54][55] [56]15Empress Jingū[57] Homuda
Mawaka
15Emperor Ōjin[57]16Nakatsuhime[58][59][60]
16Emperor Nintoku[61]


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Saho-hime's name is also spelt as Sahobime, or Sahajihime.
  2. ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[37]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Anston, p. 166 (Vol. 1)
  2. ^ a b Anston, pp. 170–173 (Vol. 1)
  3. ^ a b c d Aston, William. Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Society.
  4. ^ a b c Yasumaro. O, translated by Gustav Heldt. (2014) “Kojiki. An Account of Ancient Matters”. New York: Columbia University Press.
  5. ^ a b c Chamberlain, B. H. (1932) “Translation of the Kojiki.” Kobe: J.L. Thompson & Co.
  6. ^ a b 内田圓学 (2020-06-17). "知っておきたい和歌の女神さま！ 「佐保姫」「竜田姫」「衣通姫」そして「宇治の橋姫」". 二条流 令和和歌所. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  7. ^ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. pp. 104–112.
  8. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  9. ^ Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge Library Editions: Japan. Taylor & Francis. p. 402. ISBN 978-1-136-90376-2. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  10. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  11. ^ a b The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780231049405.
  13. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  14. ^ Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 巻第四), in Keizai Zasshisha, ed. (1898). Kokushi-taikei, vol. 7 (国史大系 第7巻). Keizai Zasshisha. pp. 243–244.
  15. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
  16. ^ Tanigawa Ken'ichi [de] 『日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新装復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
  17. ^ a b Kazuhiko, Nishioka (26 April 2005). "Isukeyorihime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  18. ^ a b 『神話の中のヒメたち　もうひとつの古事記』p94-97「初代皇后は「神の御子」」
  19. ^ a b 日本人名大辞典+Plus, デジタル版. "日子八井命とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  20. ^ a b ANDASSOVA, Maral (2019). "Emperor Jinmu in the Kojiki". Japan Review (32): 5–16. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 26652947.
  21. ^ a b "Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori-machi or Japan". trips.klarna.com. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  22. ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780674017535.
  23. ^ a b c Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 29 & 418.
  24. ^ a b c Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780520034600.
  25. ^ 『図説　歴代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
  26. ^ a b c d e Anston, p. 144 (Vol. 1)
  27. ^ Grapard, Allan G. (2023-04-28). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91036-2.
  28. ^ Tenri Journal of Religion. Tenri University Press. 1968.
  29. ^ Takano, Tomoaki; Uchimura, Hiroaki (2006). History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine. Aso Shrine, Ichinomiya, Aso City.: Aso Shrine.
  30. ^ Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
  31. ^ a b c d Anston, p. 144 (Vol. 1)
  32. ^ Watase, Masatada [in Japanese] (1983). "Kakinomoto no Hitomaro". Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. pp. 586–588. OCLC 11917421.
  33. ^ a b c Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. pp. 150–164. ISBN 9780524053478.
  34. ^ a b c "Kuwashi Hime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
  35. ^ a b c Anston, p. 149 (Vol. 1)
  36. ^ Louis-Frédéric, "Kibitsu-hiko no Mikoto" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 513.
  37. ^ Ujiya, Tsutomu (1988). Nihon shoki. Grove Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8021-5058-5.
  38. ^ Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. p. 109 & 149–150. ISBN 9780524053478.
  39. ^ a b c d Shimazu Norifumi (March 15, 2006). "Takeshiuchi no Sukune". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
  40. ^ a b Asakawa, Kan'ichi (1903). The Early Institutional Life of Japan. Tokyo Shueisha. p. 140. ISBN 9780722225394.
  41. ^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 248 & 253. ISBN 9780520034600.
  42. ^ Henshall, Kenneth (2013-11-07). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
  43. ^ "Mimakihime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  44. ^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 248 & 253–254. ISBN 9780520034600.
  45. ^ a b Henshall, Kenneth (2013-11-07). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
  46. ^ "Sahobime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  47. ^ a b Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issues 32-34. Toyo Bunko. 1974. p. 63. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  48. ^ a b "Yasakairihime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  49. ^ a b Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 487. ISBN 9780810878723.
  50. ^ a b Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issues 32-34. Toyo Bunko. 1974. pp. 63–64. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  51. ^ "Saigū | 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム". web.archive.org. 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  52. ^ Brown Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 253; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 95-96; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 10.
  53. ^ Kidder, Jonathan E. (2007). Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology. University of Hawaii Press. p. 344. ISBN 9780824830359.
  54. ^ a b c Packard, Jerrold M. (2000). Sons of Heaven: A Portrait of the Japanese Monarchy. FireWord Publishing, Incorporated. p. 45. ISBN 9781930782013.
  55. ^ a b c Xinzhong, Yao (2003). Confucianism O - Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 467. ISBN 9780415306539.
  56. ^ Aston, William George. (1998). Nihongi, p. 254–271.
  57. ^ a b Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 224–253.
  58. ^ 文也 (2019-05-26). "仲姫命とはどんな人？". 歴史好きブログ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  59. ^ "日本人名大辞典+Plus - 朝日日本歴史人物事典,デジタル版 - 仲姫命(なかつひめのみこと)とは？ 意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  60. ^ "Nunasoko Nakatsuhime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  61. ^ Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 254–271.
Japanese royalty
Preceded by Empress consort of Japan
28–25 BC 		Succeeded by


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