Universal Monsters
Universal Classic Monsters | |
---|---|
![]() Official franchise logo | |
Original work | Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913) |
Owner | Universal Pictures |
Years | 1913–present |
Print publications | |
Novel(s) | See details |
Films and television | |
Film(s) | See details |
Television series | See details |
Miscellaneous | |
Theme park attraction(s) | See details |
The Universal Monsters (also known as Universal Classic Monsters and Universal Studios Monsters) media franchise includes characters based on a series of horror films produced by Universal Pictures and released between 1913-1956.
While the early installments were initially created as stand-alone films based on published novels, their financial and critical success resulted in various cross-over releases. Following the positive response to various viewings of these movies via television redistribution which began airing in the 1950s, the studio began developing the characters for other media. In the 1990s, it became priority for Universal to promote their catalogue with official packaging that presented the movies with the official franchise title. Through a number of VHS editions, their popularity continued into contemporary entertainment. This included additional development through modern-filmmaking adaptations such as Stephen Sommers' The Mummy (1999) and Van Helsing (2004).
Modern analyses describes the titular characters as "pop culture icons".[1]
History
Universal's early horror films were adaptations of work from familiar authors and texts to give their films a prestige appeal. These included Dracula (1931), whose success led to the production of other works such as Frankenstein (1931).[2][3] Frankenstein's ending was changed by studio head Carl Laemmle Jr., who wanted Universal to be able deploy key characters from the film into subsequent Universal productions.[3] Following the release of other Universal films such as The Mummy (1932) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935) there was a dry spell of horror films.[4][5][6][7] Universal only returned to the style following a successful theatrical re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein which led to new works starting with Son of Frankenstein (1939).[4][5][6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Abbott_costello_frankenstein.jpg/220px-Abbott_costello_frankenstein.jpg)
Universal would only introduce a few new monsters in the 1940s, with the most famous being Lon Chaney Jr. as The Wolf Man.[8] The decade had Universal's horror output include many remakes and sequels, with films often directly reusing old sets, footage, and narratives to replicate moments in their earlier horror productions.[9]
Universal's first transmedia properties were from the 1940s and 1950s with the films Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944) and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).[10] In these films, the monsters from the studio's earlier films "team up" against various characters. Author Megan De Bruin-Molé suggested that the Universal Classic Monsters films exist as a loose mash-up, which allowed for Dracula to exist and be watched separately from Frankenstein but allowed their characters to be systemically and consistently brought together and developed in other films and media.[11] These productions made were often crossovers and sequels, such as Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein and several occurrences in comedy films of Abbott and Costello meeting the monster starting with Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein and ending with Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).[11][12] De Bruin-Molé wrote that this approach from Universal was for commercial marketing terms, as it would establish the company as the "real" home of horror and that their films contain a world where potentially all monsters may dwell.[13] The sole new monster movies Universal produced in the 1950s were the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and The Mummy (1959) which was co-produced with the British Hammer Film Productions.[14]
Towards the 1960s the Universal monsters grew beyond film and became more consistently transmedial. Initially, this began in 1957 when Universal struck a ten-year television deal with Screen Gems to distribute 52 of their own titles.[14] These television screenings and the films being included on Mel Jass' Mel's Matinee Movie (1958-1979) would also prove to be popular, with Stephen Sommers, director of The Mummy (1999), stating that his introduction to the series was on Jass's program.[15] Universal became part of Music Corporation of America (MCA) in 1962. By 1964, Universal Studios tours would eventually include appearances from Frankenstein's monster.[16] Several products based on the characters from Universal's film series were released, ranging from plastic model kits, Halloween masks, figures, plush dolls, toys, drinking glasses, coloring books and postage stamps. While some of these objects bare similarity to the actors who portray them, others are more generic interpretations.[17] Other mediums featured the Universal monsters in tandem, such as Bobby "Boris" Pickett's 1962 popular song "Monster Mash" and the television series The Munsters (1964) which was based on the Universal characters likeness.[16]
In 1990, Universal was part of a merger between Matsushita, now known as Panasonic, and several other corporations. Between 1991 and 1995, Universal released VHS home video editions from their catalogue of horror films. This was the first time these films were packed together as "Classic Monster" line with a newly designed logo.[16] Prior to this home video series, the Universal films that featured multiple monsters were called "Super-Shocker[s]" or "monster rallies".[18] Louis Feola was the head of Worldwide Home Video for Universal Studios said the most important thing was the packaging of their sales, and that it "probably our single biggest priority and has been for a number of years", and that it was key to make the series of films "look like a line".[19][20] He added in a 1999 interview that creating the series was to "reinvigorate and re-market" the Universal catalog, specifically with their series of Dracula, Frankenstein, The Invisible Man, The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, and The Mummy.[20]
The 1990s also saw a trend in the merchandising of Universal Monsters material as part of a trend for the decade of recycling and reinventing old material from the past.[16] This led to the release of Stephen Sommer's The Mummy (1999) and a "monster rally"-styled film with Van Helsing (2004).[21] Merchandizing of the characters in formats such as clothing and board games has continued into the 21st century.[22][23] The franchise will be featured in the Dark Universe portion of Universal's upcoming Orlando theme park, Universal Epic Universe.[24]
Films
Classic era (1913–1956)
Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | March 6, 1913 | Herbert Brenon | Carl Laemmle | ||
The Hunchback of Notre Dame | September 2, 1923 | Wallace Worsley | Edward T. Lowe, Jr. & Perley Poore Sheehan | ||
The Phantom of the Opera | November 25, 1925 | Rupert Julian and Lon Chaney and Edward Sedgwick and Ernst Laemmle & Frank McCormick | Walter Anthony, Elliott J. Clawson, Bernard McConville, Frank M. McCormack, Tom Reed, Raymond L. Schrock, Jasper Spearing & Richard Wallace | ||
Dracula | February 14, 1931 | Tod Browning | Garrett Fort | Tod Browning and Carl Laemmle, Jr. | |
Drácula | April 24, 1931 | George Melford | Baltasar Fernández Cué and Garret Fort | Garret Fort | Carl Laemmle Jr. and Paul Kohner |
Frankenstein | November 21, 1931 | James Whale | Francis Edward Faragoh & Garrett Fort | John L. Balderston | Carl Laemmle Jr. |
The Mummy | October 20, 1932 | Karl Freund | John L. Balderston | Nina Wilcox Putnam & Richard Schayer | |
The Invisible Man | November 13, 1933 | James Whale | R. C. Sherriff | ||
Bride of Frankenstein | April 20, 1935 | James Whale | William Hurlbut | William Hurlbut & John L. Balderston | |
Werewolf of London | May 13, 1935 | Stuart Walker | John Colton, Robert Harris, Harvey Gates, Edmund Pearson, James Mulhauser & Aben Kandel | Robert Harris | Stanley Bergerman |
Dracula's Daughter | May 11, 1936 | Lambert Hillyer | Garrett Fort | Oliver Jeffries | E. M. Asher |
Son of Frankenstein | January 13, 1939 | Rowland V. Lee | Wyllis Cooper | Rowland V. Lee | |
The Invisible Man Returns | January 12, 1940 | Joe May | Kurt Siodmak & Lester Cole | Curt Siodmak & Joe May | Ken Goldsmith |
The Mummy's Hand | November 20, 1940 | Christy Cabanne | Griffin Jay and Maxwell Shane | Ben Pivar | |
The Invisible Woman | December 12, 1940 | A. Edward Sutherland | Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & Gertrude Purcell | Curt Siodmak & Joe May | Burt Kelly |
The Wolf Man | December 12, 1941 | George Waggner | Curt Siodmak | George Waggner | |
The Ghost of Frankenstein | March 13, 1942 | Erle C. Kenton | W. Scott Darling | Eric Taylor | |
Invisible Agent | April 17, 1942 | Edwin L. Marin | Curtis Siodmak | Frank Lloyd | |
The Mummy's Tomb | October 23, 1942 | Harold Young | Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher | Neil P. Varnick | Ben Pivar |
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man | March 5, 1943 | Roy William Neill | Curt Siodmak | George Waggner | |
Phantom of the Opera | August 12, 1943 | Arthur Lubin | Samuel Hoffenstein & Eric Taylor | John Jacoby | |
Son of Dracula | November 5, 1943 | Robert Siodmak | Eric Taylor | Curtis Siodmak | Ford Beebe and Donald H. Brown |
The Invisible Man's Revenge | June 9, 1944 | Ford Beebe | Bertram Millhauser | Ford Beebe | |
The Mummy's Ghost | July 7, 1944 | Reginald LeBorg | Griffin Jay, Henry Sucher & Brenda Weisberg | Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher | Ben Pivar |
House of Frankenstein | February 16, 1945 | Erle C. Kenton | Edward T. Lowe | Curt Siodmak | Paul Malvern |
The Mummy's Curse | December 22, 1944 | Leslie Goodwins | Bernard Schubert | Leon Abrams & Dwight V. Babcock | Oliver Drake |
House of Dracula | June 29, 1945 | Eric C. Kenton | Edward T. Lowe | Dwight V. Babcock & George Bricker | Paul Malvern |
She-Wolf of London | March 29, 1946 | Jean Yarbrough | George Bricker | Dwight V. Babcock | Ben Pivar |
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein | May 17, 1946 | Charles T. Barton | Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant | Robert Arthur | |
Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man | March 19, 1951 | Charles Lamont | Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant | Hugh Wedlock Jr. & Howard Snyder | Howard Christie |
Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | August 12, 1953 | Charles Lamont | Lee Loeb & John Grant | Sidney Fields & Grant Garrett | |
Creature from the Black Lagoon | February 12, 1954 | Jack Arnold | Harry Essex & Arthur Ross | Maurice Zimm | William Alland |
Revenge of the Creature | March 11, 1955 | Jack Arnold | Martin Berkeley | William Alland | William Alland |
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy | May 23, 1955 | Charles Lamont | John Grant | Lee Loeb | Howard Christie |
The Creature Walks Among Us | April 26, 1956 | John Sherwood | Arthur Ross | William Alland |
Remake era
Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dracula | July 13, 1979 | John Badham | W. D. Richter | Marvin Mirisch and Walter Mirisch | |
The Mummy | May 7, 1999 | Stephen Sommers | Stephen Sommers and Lloyd Fonvielle & Kevin Jarre |
Sean Daniel and James Jacks | |
The Mummy Returns | May 4, 2001 | Stephen Sommers | |||
The Scorpion King | April 19, 2002 | Chuck Russell | William Osborne & David Hayter and Stephen Sommers |
Stephen Sommers & Jonathan Hales | Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Kevin Misher and Stephen Sommers |
Van Helsing | April 7, 2004 | Stephen Sommers | Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay | ||
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor | August 1, 2008 | Rob Cohen | Alfred Gough & Miles Millar | Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay | |
The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior | August 19, 2008 | Russell Mulcahy | Randall McCormick | Sean Daniel and James Jacks | |
The Wolfman | February 12, 2010 | Joe Johnston | Andrew Kevin Walker & David Self | Sean Daniel, Scott Stuber, Benicio del Toro and Rick Yorn | |
The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption | January 10, 2012 | Roel Reiné | Brendan Cowles & Shane Kuhn | Randall McCormick | Leslie Belzberg |
The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power | January 6, 2015 | Mike Elliott | Michael D. Weiss | Mike Elliott and Ogden Gavanski | |
The Scorpion King: Book of Souls | October 23, 2018 | Don Michael Paul | David Alton Hedges & Frank DeJohn | Mike Elliott |
Modern era
Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dracula Untold | October 10, 2014 | Gary Shore | Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless | Michael De Luca | |
The Mummy | July 9, 2017 | Alex Kurtzman | David Koepp and Christopher McQuarrie and Dylan Kussman |
Jon Spaihts and Alex Kurtzman & Jenny Lumet |
Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, Sean Daniel and Sarah Bradshaw |
The Invisible Man | February 28, 2020 | Leigh Whannell | Jason Blum and Kylie du Fresne | ||
Renfield | April 14, 2023 | Chris McKay | Ryan Ridley | Robert Kirkman | Chris McKay, Samantha Nisenboim, Bryan Furst, Sean Furst, Robert Kirkman and David Alpert |
The Last Voyage of the Demeter | August 11, 2023 | André Øvredal | Bragi Schut Jr. & Zak Olkewicz | Bragi Schut Jr. | Bradley J. Fischer, Mike Medavoy and Arnold W. Messer |
Abigail | April 19, 2024 | Matt Bettinelli-Olpin & Tyler Gillett | Stephen Shields & Guy Busick | William Sherak, James Vanderbilt, Paul Neinstein, Tripp Vinson and Chad Villella | |
Wolf Man | January 17, 2025 | Leigh Whannell | Leigh Whannell & Corbett Tuck and Lauren Schuker Blum & Rebecca Angelo |
Jason Blum |
Potential projects
- Dark Army: In September 2019, it was announced that the film, featuring monsters from the original movies as well as new characters, was in development. Paul Feig will serve as director, from a script of his own. He will serve as co-producer with Laura Fischer. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Feigco Productions.[25] In October of the same year, the filmmaker confirmed that Universal was reviewing his script as a reworking of the Dark Universe concept, while citing The Bride of Frankenstein as a major influence.[26] By February 2020, Feig was working on a second draft of the script, upon receiving input from Universal Pictures.[27] By May of the same year, the filmmaker completed the newest draft while describing the tone as closer to the original films with horror elements, but a portrayal of the monsters as rejects.[28] Feig had been given the option to develop films of any characters from the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, prior to his chosen project.[29][30]
- Frankenstein: Beginning in June 2017, the project was initially announced as being in development as one of the films to be an installment in the Dark Universe, with Javier Bardem cast to portray the titular character. Following the studio's change in approach to the characters, it was announced in November 2019 that James Wan will serve as producer on a reboot of the Frankenstein.[31] Jason Blum expressed interest in joining the production in a producing role.[32] In March 2020, it was announced that Robbie Thompson will serve as screenwriter, while the plot will center around a group of teenagers who discover that a neighbor is creating a monster in their basement. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster Productions.[33]
- The Invisible Woman: In November 2019, a reboot of The Invisible Woman was announced to be in development. Elizabeth Banks will star in, and direct the film, from a script written by Erin Cressida Wilson based on an original story written by Banks. She will also produce the project with Max Handelman.[34] Banks was given options to develop a film from any characters in the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, while she chose the Invisible Woman.[29][30]
- Monster Mash: In February 2020 a musical, titled after and centered around the novelty song "Monster Mash", was announced to be in development. Grammy Award nominee Matt Stawski will make his feature film directorial debut, while Will Widger will serve as screenwriter, from an original story written by Stawski. Marty Bowen will serve as producer, on the project which will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Temple Hill Entertainment.[35]
- Dracula: By March 2020, Karyn Kusama was hired to direct a film centered around Dracula, from a script co-written by Matt Manfredi and Phil Hay. The plot was reportedly to take place in a modern setting. The project was to be a joint-venture production, with Blumhouse Productions serving as the production studio.[36][37] In June of the same year, Kusama stated that the movie would be a "faithful adaptation" of Bram Stoker's Dracula, including the plot device of being told from various perspectives.[38] In February 2021, Chloé Zhao was hired to write and direct a futuristic sci-fi Western film centered around the character.[39]
- Little Monsters: In July 2020, the was announced to be in development with Josh Cooley hired as both writer and director, with the story centering characters from the Universal Monsters movies; inspired and based on drawings of the monster characters by Crash McCreery who will be given an executive producer credit. The project is intended to serve as a "love letter to classic Hollywood and the history of film-making with a story that takes a multi-generational approach to the monsters and a more PG-rated, lighthearted family-friendly tone in the tradition of the classic '80s Spielberg films from Amblin Entertainment to match as well". The movie will be a live-action/CGI hybrid, with Todd Lieberman and David Hoberman serving as producers. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Mandeville Films.[40]
- Untitled Invisible Man sequel: In February 2020, Leigh Whannell stated that though The Invisible Man (2020) was developed as a standalone film, he may consider makign a follow-up movie.[41] In May of the same year, Leigh and Jason Blum stated that sequel discussions were ongoing.[42] In July 2020, it was officially announced that Leigh Whannell is working the story.[40]
- Untitled Scorpion King reboot: In November 2020, it was announced that a reboot of The Scorpion King film series is in development. Jonathan Herman will serve as screenwriter, with the plot taking place during modern-day and involving a contemporary adaptation of Mathayus of Akkad / Scorpion King. Dwayne Johnson, who started his acting career as the titular role in The Mummy Returns, will serve as producer alongside Dany Garcia and Hiram Garcia. The project will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Seven Bucks Productions.[43]
- Untitled film: In November 2020, it was announced that a project is in development with Channing Tatum as its star. Wes Tooke will serve as screenwriter, from a story written by Reid Carolin. Phil Lord and Christopher Miller will serve as co-producers alongside Tatum, Carolin, Peter Kiernan, and Aditya Sood. The plot is described as "a modern-day, tongue-in-cheek thriller", while being "a bold genre reinvention of one of the studio’s most beloved characters from the Monsters Universe.” The project will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, Lord Miller Productions, Free Association Productions.[44]
- Van Helsing: Originally announced in 2015, with Rupert Sanders in early negotiations to serve as a director for a reboot of Van Helsing, with a script co-written by Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer;[45] the project was ultimately placed on hold. In December 2020, it was announced that the project had re-entered development with Julius Avery serving as director, as well as doing a rewrite of an original script by Eric Pearson. James Wan will serve as producer, with the project intended to be a joint-production venture between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster Productions.[46]
Cancelled projects
Beginning in October 2013, Universal hired Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to collaborate in developing a relaunch of the Universal Monsters characters as a new shared universe of movies similar in fashion to the Marvel Cinematic Universe; notably a franchise which includes interconnectivity that originated previously in the classic Universal Monsters films.[47][48] By July 2014, the studio officially hired Chris Morgan to replace Orci and work alongside Kurtzman in overseeing development of an interconnected series of films based around rebooted versions of the Universal Monster characters. The duo was tasked with creating the overall outline for the titular monsters.[49] The development of a cinematic universe continued as Kurtzman and Morgan became involved with additional photography for Dracula Untold (2014); reshoots which positioned the final scenes of the movie in modern-day, in order to connect with other movies and to allow the cast to reprise their roles in future installments.[50] The movie's connections to the new franchise was downplayed however following its mixed critical and financial reception,[51][52] with The Mummy (2017) repositioned as the official start of the shared film universe.[53] In May 2017, the slate of reimagined incarnations of titular monsters was officially titled Dark Universe. The studio announced the franchise with an official press release, logo, website, trailer, and score composed by Danny Elfman.[54] Universal Pictures in collaboration with Kurtzman and Morgan, created a writer's room consisting of various contributors to create the stories that would later be expanded into scripts,[55] which were intended to be rooted in horror as opposed to the action adventure nature of the studio's previous remakes.[56][57] The Mummy introduced its ancient titular monster (played by Sofia Boutella), alongside the heroic character portrayed Tom Cruise who's monstrous origins depicted in the movie were intended to expanded upon in later installments.[58] Prior to the movie's release, additional cast joined the franchise alongside Cruise, including Russell Crowe as Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde, Johnny Depp as Dr. Griffin / the Invisible Man, and Javier Bardem as the Frankenstein Monster.[59]
Confirmed reboot movies in development included: Frankenstein, Wolf Man, Bride of Frankenstein, Dracula, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Phantom of the Opera, Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Invisible Man, Van Helsing, and Dr. Jekyll;[60][61] characters within these installments were intended to be explored through spin-offs as well.[62] After poor critical reception and underwhelming box office performance of The Mummy in 2017 however, Universal postponed all plans for the Dark Universe slate of films.[63] In January 2018, the production studio began reconfiguring their approach to the Universal Monsters,[64][65] and following the departures of Kurtzman and Morgan from their roles as co-architects of the franchise,[66] the studio decided to abandon a shared cinematic universe in favor of returning to standalone adaptations of the characters instead.[67][68] After previously expressing interest in working with Universal Pictures on relaunching the characters for modern audiences,[69][70] Jason Blum officially signed on to collaborate on a number of the projects in development. The producer later stated November 2020, that control of the Dark Universe and the Universal Monsters remains under the direction of Universal Pictures.[71]
Main cast and characters
This table includes the Universal Monster characters and their respective actors for each movie in the franchise. Additional characters include recurring primary characters of the Universal Studios Monsters franchise.
Other media
Home video releases
The franchise has received a variety of home video packing boxsets including: The Classic Collection (1991-1994), the Classic Monster Collection (1999), The Legacy Collection (2004), the Essential Collection (2012), and the Complete Collection (2018).
Literature
Novels
Title | Author | Publication Date | Publisher | Notes | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Return of the Wolfman | Jeff Rovin | January 1, 1999 | Berkley Boulevard Books | — | [171] |
Universal Monsters - Dracula: Return of Evil | Larry Mike Garmon | August 3, 2006 | Scholastic, Incorporated | Part of Larry Mike Garmon's Universal Monsters series | [172] |
Universal Monsters - The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising | August 6, 2006 | [173] | |||
Universal Monsters - Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror | March 24, 2009 | [174] | |||
Universal Monsters - The Mummy: Book of the Dead | February 1, 2002 | [175] | |||
Universal Monsters - Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror | March 24, 2009 | [176] | |||
Universal Monsters - Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance | September 1, 2009 | [177] | |||
Dracula: Asylum | Paul Witcover | April 12, 2006 | Dark Horse Comics | — | [178] |
Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein | Stefan Petrucha | July 26, 2006 | — | [179] | |
Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon | Paul Di Filippo | August 23, 2006 | — | [180] | |
The Mummy: Dark Resurrection | Michael Paine | October 3, 2007 | — | [181] | |
The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon | Michael Jan Friedman | October 3, 2007 | — | [182] | |
The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride | Elizabeth Hand | December 5, 2007 | — | [183] |
Comics
Title | Creatives | Publication Date | Publisher | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Writer | Artist(s) | Editor | Designer | Premiere date | Finale date | ||
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[184] | Den Beauvais | Den Beauvais | Dan Thorsland | Scott Tice | May 1, 1993 | Dark Horse Comics | |
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon[185] | Steve Moncuse | Arthur Adams (Penciller, Cover); Terry Austin (Inker); Lois Buhalis (Letterer); Matt Hollingsworth (Colorist); Terry Austin (Cover) | Dan Thorsland | Scott Tice | August 1, 1993 | ||
Universal Monsters: Dracula[186] | Dan Vado | Jonathon D. Smith (Artist, Cover); Clem Robins (Letterer) | Dan Thorsland | Scott Tice | October 1, 1993 | ||
Universal Monsters: The Mummy[187] | Dan Jolley | Tony Harris (Artist, Cover); Lois Buhalis (Letterer); Matt Hollingsworth (Colorist) | Dan Thorsland | Scott Tice | November 1, 1993 | ||
Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror[188] | Collection edition of Universal Monsters releases by Dark Horse; Eric Powell (Cover) | January 11, 2006 | |||||
Universal Monsters: Dracula[189][190] | 1–4 | James Tynion IV | Martin Simmonds | October 25, 2023 | January 24, 2024 | Skybound Entertainment | |
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon Lives![191] | Dan Watters Ram V |
Matthew Roberts | Dave Stewart | April 24, 2024 | July 24, 2024 | ||
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[192] | Michael Walsh | Toni Marie Griiffin | August 28, 2024 | TBA |
Theme park attractions
Since 1991, Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Parks & Resorts have featured characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise. From 2006 to 2014, the characters also appeared in the year-round walk-through attraction, Universal's House of Horrors, at Universal Studios Hollywood. The franchise is also the central theme of Universal's Horror Make-Up Show. The live show opened in 1990 at Universal Studios Florida and is still in operation.[193]
In 2004, Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride opened at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood. Based on the first two Mummy films of the remake era, the ride is a roller coaster with dark ride elements.[194]
In June 2024, it was revealed that Universal would be repurposing the concept and title of cancelled shared universe of movies through Universal Destinations & Experiences' planned expansion of the Orlando park location. As a part of the expansion, a portion of the park named Universal Epic Universe will be developed to incorporate and center around the Universal Monsters, and will be titled Dark Universe. Thematically inspired by each of its movies, the park is intended to serve as a modern day follow-up to the original films, where attendees can explore a town named Darkmoor Village. There they discover that the great-great-granddaughter of Henry Frankenstein named Victoria, has continued followed in the mad scientist footsteps of her family and has begun creating monsters of her own. Visitors attending the park will see the events of a plot unfold, where her latest experiment which was intended to bring all of the Universal Monsters under her control backfires as a result of Dracula's revolt. The Dark Universe will include attractions, locales from the movies, a number of rides, and a combination of actors, animatronics, special effects, and cutting-edge technology that was developed for the park. The Dark Universe portion of the Universal Epic Universe park will open in 2025.[195] The location will include Dracula, Frankenstein's Monster, Wolf Man, Bride of Frankenstein, Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Mummy, Wolf Man, and various others from the studio's films.[196]
Television
- Monster Force (1994) (TV series)
- The Mummy: The Animated Series (2001–03) (TV series)
- Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004) (DTV film)
References
- ^ Jones 2012.
- ^ Mank 1981, p. 13.
- ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 5.
- ^ a b c Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 63.
- ^ a b c Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 120.
- ^ a b Chibnall & Petley 2002, p. 59.
- ^ Worland 2007, p. 68.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 8.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 12.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 3.
- ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 6.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 9.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 11.
- ^ a b De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 13.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 14.
- ^ a b c d De Bruin-Molé 2022, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Rue Morgue 2015, p. 110.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, p. 4.
- ^ McCullaugh 1992, p. 63.
- ^ a b Bessman 1999.
- ^ De Bruin-Molé 2022, pp. 15–16.
- ^ "Unique Vintage Launches Universal Monsters Collection". Licesnse Global. August 19, 2020.
- ^ Kondrad, Jeremy (July 10, 2019). "Universal Monsters Ravensburger Game Horrified Coming August 1st". Bleedingcool. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ Stella, Alicia (26 December 2022). "Everything We Know About Epic Universe - Universal Monsters". Theme Park Stop.
- ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (September 12, 2019). "Paul Feig, Universal Hatch New Monster Movie: 'Dark Army'". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Evry, Max (October 28, 2019). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Talks Universal Monsters for Dark Army!". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Chitwood, Adam (February 13, 2020). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Gives an Update on His Universal Monster Movie 'Dark Army'". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Chitwood, Adam (May 22, 2020). "Exclusive: Paul Feig Gives Update on 'Dark Army': "I Want to Make a True Monster Movie"". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ a b Donnelly, Matt (February 11, 2020). "Hollywood Still Trying to Put a Ring on Universal's 'Bride of Frankenstein' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ a b Auty, Dan (February 11, 2020). "Bride Of Frankenstein Reboot Might Still Happen Despite Dark Universe Failure—Report – GameSpot". GameSpot. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Miska, Brad (November 20, 2019). "James Wan Assembling New Take on 'Frankenstein'". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Muncer, Mike (Feb 27, 2020). "The Invisible Man (2020) with Jason Blum & Leigh Whannell". The Evolution of Horror. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kit, Borys (March 6, 2020). "James Wan Developing Monster Movie for Universal (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (November 26, 2019). "Elizabeth Banks to Direct, Star in Invisible Woman for Universal". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Couch, Aaron (February 7, 2020). "Musical 'Monster Mash' Movie in the Works at Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Siegel, Tatiana, & Borys Kit (March 10, 2020). "New 'Dracula' Movie in the Works as Universal Remakes Its Monsterverse (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ McNary, Dave (March 10, 2020). "Dracula Movie in Development at Blumhouse With Karyn Kusama Directing". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Dela Paz, Maggie (June 8, 2020). "Dracula: Karyn Kusama Teases Her Faithful Adaptation to the Classic Novel". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 4, 2021). "Golden Globe Nominee Chloé Zhao Directing 'Dracula' For Universal". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 8, 2024.
- ^ a b Kit, Borys (July 10, 2020). "'Toy Story 4' Director Josh Cooley Tackling 'Little Monsters' for Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Boone, Josh (February 28, 2020). "'The Invisible Man': Elisabeth Moss Explains That Ending (Exclusive)". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ McCarthy, Kevin (May 23, 2020). "Jason Blum & Leigh Whannell talk Invisible Man sequel, Snyder Cut, Blade Runner & Superman". Fox 5 Washington D.C. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (November 10, 2020). "'Scorpion King' Reboot In Works From Dwayne Johnson And Dany Garcia's Seven Bucks Productions And Universal; 'Straight Outta Compton' Scribe Jonathan Herman Penning Script". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (November 20, 2020). "'21 Jump Street' Team Reunites As Channing Tatum, Phil Lord & Chris Miller Partner On Mystery Monster Movie At Universal". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (November 14, 2015). "Universal's 'Van Helsing' Reboot Enlists Scribes Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (December 1, 2020). "Universal And James Wan Tap 'Overlord' Director Julius Avery To Direct New 'Van Helsing' Movie". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Goldber, Matt (October 18, 2013). "Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman Planning Universal Monsters Cinematic Universe". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Gallagher, Brian (October 18, 2013). "Van Helsing and The Mummy Will Set Up a Monster Universe for Universal". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (July 16, 2014). "Universal Taps Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan To Relaunch Classic Movie Monster Franchises". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Schaefer, Sandy (October 2, 2014). "'Dracula Untold' Begins Universal's Monster Movie Shared Universe". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Coman, Monica (June 26, 2024). "Failed Universal's Dark Universe Film Finds New Success on Streaming". Comic Book Resource. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott (July 13, 2016). "What Universal Must Do To Sell Its Classic Monsters Universe". Forbes. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Barker, Stephen & Lewis Glazebrook (March 3, 2024). "7 Dark Universe Movies That Didn't Happen Because Of 2017's The Mummy Failure". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Goldber, Matt (May 22, 2017). "Next 'Dark Universe' Monster Movie Will Be 'Bride of Frankenstein' in February 2019". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Chitwood, Adam (April 10, 2017). "Chris Morgan Gives Universal Monsters Universe Update; Movie Order Still Up in the Air". Collider. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Gallagher, Brian (August 11, 2015). "Universal Monsters Reboots Will Be Horror Movies". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Orange, Alan B. (October 1, 2016). "The Mummy Teaser Starring Tom Cruise Arrives, Full Trailer Coming Sunday". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Franich, Darren (December 5, 2016). "The Mummy director Alex Kurtzman on making a modern-day monster movie". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Scott, Ryan (May 22, 2017). "Depp and Bardem Confirmed as Invisible Man and Frankenstein's Monster". MovieWeb. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Siegel, Tatiana (May 31, 2017). "Can Universal Create a Marvel-Like Universe With 'The Mummy' and Other Monster Flicks?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Rebecca Ford, Borys Kitt, & Carolyn Giardina (July 21, 2017). "Hollywood Rethinks Key Movie Franchises Amid a Mixed Summer at the Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Taylor-Foster, Kim (June 4, 2017). "'The Mummy' Producer Says Phantom and Hunchback Will Join Dark Universe". Fandom. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kit, Borys & Aaron Couch (November 8, 2017). "Universal's 'Monsterverse' in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Oloman, Jordan (January 24, 2018). "Dark Universe Being 'Reconfigured' By Universal After Setbacks". IGN. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Schaefer, Sandy (May 18, 2018). "Universal's Dark Universe Might Not Be Dead After All". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ "Universal's 'Monsterverse' in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. November 8, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (May 29, 2020). "Ryan Gosling's 'Wolfman' Gears Up at Universal as Director Decision Nears (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (January 25, 2019). "'Invisible Man' Finds Director, Sets New Course for Universal's Monster Legacy (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Cunningham, Todd (July 20, 2014). "Blumhouse Signs 10-Year Production Deal With Universal Pictures". The Wrap. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Dominguez, Noah (August 18, 2018). "Spawn Producer Jason Blum Interested In Reviving Dark Universe". Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Zinski, Dan (November 11, 2020). "Blumhouse Doesn't Have Control Of Dark Universe Despite Invisible Man & Wolfman". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Fink, Richard & Amanda Minchin (February 1, 2024). "Dark Universe: All the Canceled Films Planned". MovieWeb. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- ^ Damaske, Damion (August 5, 2021). "Meet the original Dark Universe monsters!". JoBlo. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Frasure, Kevin (June 10, 2022). "Top 10 Classic Universal Monster Movies as Rated by Rotten Tomatoes". Collider. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Crow, David (October 28, 2023). "All Universal Monsters Movies Ranked". Den of Geek. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- ^ Banks, Richard (November 15, 2021). "Scorpion King Producer Gives Status Update On Upcoming Reboot". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^ Castro, Danilo (February 28, 2020). "Universal's Horror Remakes Ranked". Next Best Picture. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^ Weiss, Josh (August 1, 2024). "Van Helsing: Why the NFL Owes a Debt of Gratitude to Stephen Sommers' Wild Monster Mash Movie". Syfy. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^ Sagers, Aaron (April 17, 2023). "Renfield Team Talks Potential of Exploring Universal Monsters' World". Den of Geek. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^ a b Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ a b Dracula (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ a b c d e Dracula: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Universal Classic Monsters: The Essential Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Universal Classic Monsters: Complete 30-Film Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2018.
- ^ Rhodes 2014, p. 245.
- ^ Rhodes 2014, p. 282.
- ^ Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ a b c d e Frankenstein: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 38.
- ^ Murders in the Rue Morgue (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Mank 2010, p. 105.
- ^ The Mummy (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ The Mummy (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ a b c d e The Mummy: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ McDougal, Dennis (2001). The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA, and the Hidden History of Hollywood (pp. 231–232). Da Capo Press.
- ^ Island of Lost Souls (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ "At the Theatres This Week". Arizona Daily Star. December 18, 1932. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ The Invisible Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ The Invisible Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ a b c d e The Invisible Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ a b Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 78.
- ^ The Black Cat (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Bride of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Bride of Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ Werewolf of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ a b c d The Wolf Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 129.
- ^ The Raven (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 138.
- ^ Dracula's Daughter (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 162.
- ^ Son of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 182.
- ^ Tower of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 200.
- ^ The Invisible Man Returns (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 207.
- ^ The Mummy's Hand (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 229.
- ^ The Invisible Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 237.
- ^ The Monster and the Girl (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ "The Monster and the Girl". American Film Institute. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
- ^ Man-Made Monster (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 241.
- ^ The Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ The Wolf Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 261.
- ^ The Ghost of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 275.
- ^ Invisible Agent (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 294.
- ^ The Mummy's Tomb (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 305.
- ^ Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 322.
- ^ Captive Wild Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 337.
- ^ Phantom of the Opera (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Phantom of the Opera (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 345.
- ^ Son of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Kiss 2019, p. 95.
- ^ The Mad Ghoul (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 373.
- ^ The Invisible Man's Revenge (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 400.
- ^ The Mummy's Ghost (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 417.
- ^ House of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 447.
- ^ The Mummy's Curse (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 456.
- ^ House of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 501.
- ^ House of Horrors (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 525.
- ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 539.
- ^ "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello Meet Frankenstein". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Invisible Man". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
- ^ a b c Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
- ^ "Creature from the Black Lagoon". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Revenge of the Creature (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ "Revenge of the Creature". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Mummy". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ The Creature Walks Among Us (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
- ^ "The Creature Walks Among Us". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Rovin, Jeff. "Return of The Wolf Man". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Dracula: Return of Evil". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Mummy: Book of the Dead". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Witcover, Paul. "Dracula: Asylum". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Petrucha, Stefan. "Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Di Filippo, Paul. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Pain, Michael. "The Mummy: Dark Resurrection". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Friedman, Michael Jan. "The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Hand, Elizabeth. "The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Universal Monsters: Dracula :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Universal Monsters: The Mummy :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror TPB Collection :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ Salmon, Will (2023-07-18). "Dracula bites back in the first of a new series of Universal Monsters comics from Skybound". gamesradar. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ^ First Comics News (2023-07-14). "James Tynion IV & Martin Simmonds Launch Universal Monsters: Dracula Comic Book Series". Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ^ Kit, Borys (2024-01-12). "'Creature from the Black Lagoon' Comic Book Coming from Robert Kirkman's Skybound Entertainment (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
- ^ Schedeen, Jesse (2024-02-29). "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein Reimagines the Iconic Movie Monster". IGN. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ^ Gavin, Michael (October 24, 2017). "It's Alive! Universal Studios' Classic Monster Café gets updated with new life – and is ghoulishly gorgeous". Inside the Magic. JAK Schmidt, Inc. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Stellin, Susan (February 9, 2004). "TECHNOLOGY; High-Tech Mummy Ride Aims to Combine the Fright Factor With Roller Coaster Thrills". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ Tapp, Tom (June 20, 2024). "Dark Universe Revealed: New World At Universal Orlando's Epic Universe Will Include Werewolf Coaster & Frankenstein's Experiment Gone Awry". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
- ^ "Introducing Dark Universe at Universal Epic Universe". Universal Orlando Resort. Universal. June 20, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
Sources
- "Universal Monsters". Rue Morgue. Marrs Media. November 2015. ISSN 1481-1103.
- Bessman, Jim (September 4, 1999). "Glass Scores 'Dracula' For Universal; Will Tour in Support". Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 36. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- Burrell, James (November 2015). "Cryptic Collectibles". Rue Morgue. Marrs Media. ISSN 1481-1103.
- Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2002). British Horror Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23004-7.
- De Bruin-Molé, Megan (2022). "Do the Monster Mash: Universal's "Classic Monsters" and the Industrialization of the Gothic Transmedia Franchise". In Neill, Natalie (ed.). Gothic Mash-Ups: Hybridity, Appropriation, and Intertextuality in Gothic Storytelling. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1793636577.
- Early, Rosalind; Malkowicz, Tom (October 16, 2017). "Frankenstein's Monster in Popular Culture". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- Jones, Steve (October 5, 2012). "'Dracula', 'Frankenstein' in new Universal Blu-ray set". USA Today. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- Kiss, Dr. Robert J. (2019). "Son of Dracula: The Release History". Son of Dracula. BearManor Media. ISBN 978-1-62933-430-1.
- Mank, Gregory William (1981). It's Alive! The Classic Cinema Saga of Frankenstein. A.S. Barnes & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-498-02473-3.
- Mank, Gregory William (2010). Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff: The Expanded Story of a Haunting Collaboration, with a Complete Filmography of Their Films Together. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786454723.
- McCullaugh, Jim (October 24, 1992). "Sell-Thru Sales Judged by Cover". Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 43.
- Murray, Noel; Phipps, Keith (October 25, 2012). "A Guide to the Universal Studios Monster Movies, 1925–1955". The A.V. Club. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- Nye, Doug (August 18, 1995). "Horror films making a comeback". The News-Press. p. 6.
- Reimann (February 26, 2020). "The Strange History of the Universal Monsters Franchise". Collider. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- Rhodes, Gary D. (2014). Tod Browning's Dracula. Tomahawk Press. ISBN 978-0-9566834-5-8.
- Weaver, Tom; Brunas, Michael; Brunas, John (2007) [1990]. Universal Horrors (2 ed.). McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-2974-5.
- Worland, Rick (2007). The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-3902-1.
- Young, Rob (October 16, 2015). "The Original Shared Universe: A Look Back At the Universal Monsters". Retrieved July 18, 2021.
Notes
- ^ Baggot portrayed the character in the silent movie, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913).
- ^ Karloff portrayed the character in Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953).
- ^ Fisher portrayed Jekyll, while Coltrane voiced a CGI-created Hyde in Van Helsing (2004).
- ^ Crowe portrayed the character in The Mummy (2007).
- ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent movie, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923).
- ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent movie, The Phantom of the Opera (1925) where the character is named Erik.
- ^ Rains portrayed the character in the remake, Phantom of the Opera (1943) where the character is named Erique Claudin.
- ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
- ^ Villar portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931) where the character is named Conde Drácula[75]
- ^ Carradine portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), and House of Dracula (1945).
- ^ Lugosi reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
- ^ Langella portrayed the character in the remake of the 1931 original, Dracula (1979 film).
- ^ Roxburgh portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Count Vladislaus Dracula.
- ^ Evans portrayed the character in Dracula Untold (2014), where the character is depicted as the historical figure Vlad III "the Impaler" Dracula in an origin story.
- ^ Cage portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
- ^ Botet portrayed the character in The Last Voyage of the Demeter (2023).
- ^ Goode portrayed the character in Abigail (2024), where the character has the alias of Kristof Lazaar.
- ^ Karloff portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939).
- ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
- ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943).
- ^ Strange portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
- ^ Hensley portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
- ^ Karloff portrayed the character in The Mummy (1932).
- ^ Vosloo portrayed the character in The Mummy (1999), and The Mummy Returns (2001).
- ^ Rains portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (1933).
- ^ Jackson-Cohen portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (2020), where the character is named Adrian Griffin.
- ^ Lanchester portrayed the character in The Bride of Frankenstein (1935).
- ^ Hull portrayed the character in Werewolf of London (1935).
- ^ Holden portrayed the character in Dracula's Daughter (1936).
- ^ Weir portrayed the character in Abigail (2024), where the character has the alias of Abigail Lazaar.
- ^ Price portrayed the character in The Invisible Man Returns (1940); he later reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
- ^ Tyler portrayed the character in The Mummy's Hand (1940).
- ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Mummy's Tomb (1942), The Mummy's Ghost (1944), and The Mummy's Curse (1944).
- ^ Bruce portrayed the character in The Invisible Woman (1940).
- ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Wolf Man (1941), Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
- ^ del Toro portrayed the character in The Wolfman (2010).
- ^ Abbott will portray the character in Wolf Man (2025).
- ^ Hall portrayed the character in Invisible Agent (1942).
- ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in Son of Dracula (1943).
- ^ Hall played another character in The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944).
- ^ Lockhart portrayed the character in She-Wolf of London (1946).
- ^ Chapman portrayed the character in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954); Ricou Browning served as the underwater stunt double.
- ^ Hennesy portrayed the character in Revenge of the Creature (1955), while Browning once again served as the underwater stunt double.
- ^ Megowan portrayed the character in The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), while Browning again served as the underwater stunt double.
- ^ Parker portrayed the character in Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).
- ^ Johnson portrayed the character in The Mummy Returns (2001), and The Scorpion King (2002).
- ^ Copon portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008), while Pierre Marais featured as the character at a younger age.
- ^ Webster portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012), and The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power (2015).
- ^ McGowan portrayed the character in The Scorpion King: Book of Souls (2018).
- ^ Li portrayed the character in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008).
- ^ Clive portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), and The Bride of Frankenstein (1935); while the actor's likeness was used for reference on the oil painting familial portrait in Son of Frankenstein (1939).
- ^ Hardwicke portrays the ghostly apparition of the character during a hallucination sequence in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
- ^ West portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
- ^ The actresses (Dvorak, Thaw, and Tree) portrayed the characters in Dracula (1931)
- ^ A trio of uncredited actresses portrayed the characters in the Spanish-language version of the movie Drácula (1931).
- ^ The actresses (Anaya, Colloca, and Maran) portrayed the characters in Van Helsing (2004), where the characters are named Verona, Aleera, and Marishka, respectively.
- ^ Frye portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
- ^ Rubio portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931).
- ^ Hoult portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
- ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Son of Frankenstein (1939), and The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
- ^ O'Connor portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
- ^ Van Sloan portrayed the character in Dracula (1931), and Dracula's Daughter (1936).
- ^ Arozamena portrayed the character in Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931).
- ^ Jackman portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Gabriel Van Helsing.
- ^ a b Although originally produced and released by Paramount Pictures, Universal obtained the rights to the film in 1958 and branded it with Universal Studios Monsters in its 1991 home video release.[96]