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Charles Codrington Forsyth

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Charles Codrington Forsyth

CB
Bornc. 1810
Died12 May 1873
Ladbroke Estate, London
Buried
Kensal Green Cemetery, London
51°31′39″N 0°13′23″W / 51.527490°N 0.223050°W / 51.527490; -0.223050
AllegianceBritish Empire
Branch Royal Navy
Years of service1826-1870
RankCaptain (Royal Navy)
CommandsPrince Albert
HMS Hornet
HMS Valorous
HMS Dauntless
Known forPrince Albert expedition
Battles / warsCrimean War
Second Opium War (Battle of the Bogue (1856), Battle of Escape Creek, Battle of Fatshan Creek)
AwardsCompanion of the Order of the Bath

Charles Codrington Forsyth (c. 1810 – 12 May 1873) was a British captain of the Royal Navy. He participated in the second voyage of HMS Beagle, making surveys in Australia and South America.[1] He later commanded an 1850 search for Franklin's lost expedition, being the first to bring news on the expedition's whereabouts since its disappearance in 1845. Forsyth later commanded HMS Hornet in both the Crimean War and the Second Opium War.[2]

Early career and HMS Beagle

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Charles Codrington Forsyth entered the Royal Navy on 18 December 1826,[3] initially participating in anti-slavery operations off Africa.[1][2][4]

In 1832, he transferred to the HMS Beagle as a midshipman. There, he participated in HMS Beagle's second voyage alongside Charles Darwin, surveying 1700 miles of South American coastline between Chile and northern Peru.[1][4]

In 1836, he transferred to HMS Pelorus as a master's mate.[4] In this role, he helped evacuate British residents of Rangoon during tensions with King Tharrawaddy[4] and surveyed Torbay, Western Australia.[5] It was in this time he met Sir John Franklin, then governor of Van Diemen's Land,[2] who sought his assistance capturing a group of escaped convicts.[4]

Forsyth rejoined HMS Beagle in 1839,[4] stopping again in Van Diemen's Land to survey Bass Strait. To support this work, Sir John Franklin lent him a cutter to command[6] and later recommended him to the Admiralty.[4] Among his shipmates aboard the Beagle was Graham Gore[6], who would later be lost in the Franklin expedition.

Forsyth was promoted to lieutenant in 1843 and transferred to HMS Helena. There, he returned to anti-slavery duties, earning further recommendations to the Admiralty for accomplishing hazardous military resupplies near the Cape of Good Hope.[2][3][4] He was promoted to commander in 1849.[2][4]

Prince Albert expedition

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In 1850, Forsyth volunteered to command the first of Lady Franklin's privately-funded searches for Sir John's lost expedition. After gaining permission from the Admiralty on 27 April 1850, Forsyth took command of the Prince Albert, a schooner purchased by Lady Franklin. He would be accompanied by William Parker Snow.[2][7] To prepare for the hazards of an Arctic search expedition, Forsyth consulted with veteran polar explorers such as William Edward Parry, James Clark Ross, and Frederick William Beechey.[2][8]

Forsyth's expedition left Aberdeen on 5 June 1850, with instructions to go through Prince Regent Inlet and search the west coast of Boothia Peninsula. Although the Prince Albert successfully entered Prince Regent Inlet, Forsyth and his crew of whalers were soon blocked by the ice. Seeing no opportunity to penetrate further, they turned back at Fury Beach on Somerset Island on 22 August 1850.[2]

On their return journey, the Prince Albert expedition rendezvoused with HMS Assistance and HMS Intrepid near Beechey Island, who informed them that Franklin's expedition had made winter quarters nearby.[9] Snow went ashore to investigate and found scattered traces of their camp, including tent rings and naval rope.[8] The expedition reported this information on its return to Britain, making it the first to bring any news about the Franklin expedition since 1845.[2][7] Of the reaction, historian Ian Stone writes:

The reception accorded Forsyth was all that he could have desired, although the Franklin ménage was furious at his early return. [...] Forsyth commented that he had received letters that showed the return had "given fresh hopes to many an aching heart." There was also much favourable comment in the press.[2]

In 1851, Snow published an account of Forsyth's expedition to raise funds and support for another search party.[2] Forsyth wrote an account of the expedition, but it was never published.[10] He was awarded a silver medal by the British government.[11]

Later career and death

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Forsyth did not participate in any further searches for the Franklin expedition. He later became inspecting-commander of the Coast Guard at Berwick-upon-Tweed and Brighton, before gaining command of HMS Hornet. In that capacity, he participated in actions against the Russian Navy off the coast of Siberia during the Crimean War,[2] including skirmishes with the Russian frigate Aurora off Castries Bay.[12] In 1855, he rediscovered the Liancourt Rocks, which afterwards appeared as the Hornet Rocks on some British charts. The next year, he discovered Olga Bay, which he named Port Michael Seymour.[13]

In 1856, Forsyth commanded HMS Hornet in the Second Opium War against China. Under his command, HMS Hornet and its crew fought in the Battle of the Bogue, Battle of Escape Creek, and the Battle of Fatshan Creek, inflicting heavy losses against Chinese junks and fortifications in the Pearl River delta.[14][2] Forsyth's performance in the war saw him promoted captain on 10 August 1857,[15] after which he received a peacetime command of HMS Valorous.[2]

Forsyth's command of Valorous led to intermittent brushes with commerce raiders of the American Civil War. Between 1863 and 1866, he was tasked with monitoring and deterring the USS Vanderbilt and CSS Alabama from targeting enemy merchant vessels in British waters off Cape Colony.[16][17] In 1866, Forsyth claimed British possession of the Penguin Islands and Angra Pequina off Namibia.[18]

In 1867, he returned to Coast Guard duty as captain of HMS Dauntless on the Humber.[2] He retired in April 1870 and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath the following year.[19] Forsyth died in Ladbroke Estate, London on 12 May 1873[20][2] and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.[21][22]

Legacy

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Several geographical features are named after Forsyth, including Forsyth Bay and Forsyth Point on Prince of Wales Island,[2] as well as Forsyth Range and Forsyth Islands in Queensland, Australia.[23]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Keynes, Simon (1 November 2010). "Forsyth's Log From the Voyage of HMS Beagle". Darwin Online. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Stone, Ian R. (1985). "Charles Codrington Forsyth (ca. 1810-1873)". Arctic. 38 (4): 340–1. doi:10.14430/arctic2155. JSTOR 40511008 – via JSTOR.
  3. ^ a b O'Byrne, William Richard (1849). "Forsyth, Charles Codrington" . A Naval Biographical Dictionary. p. 373.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Commander C. Codrington Forsyth". Sydney Morning Herald. 1 August 1849. p. 4. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". The Western Australian Journal. 14 April 1838. p. 58.
  6. ^ a b Lambert, Andrew D. (2009). Franklin: Tragic Hero of Polar Navigation. London: Faber and Faber. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-571-23160-7.
  7. ^ a b Stone, Ian R. (1993). "An episode in the Franklin search: the Prince Albert expedition, 1850. Part 1". Polar Record. 29 (169): 127–142. Bibcode:1993PoRec..29..127S. doi:10.1017/S0032247400023585 – via Cambridge Core.
  8. ^ a b Snow, William Parker (1851). Voyage of the Prince Albert In Search of Sir John Franklin. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 12–14, 316–320.
  9. ^ Martin, Peter R. (2024). "'Kalli in the ship': Inughuit abduction and the shaping of Arctic knowledge". History and Anthropology. 35 (5): 1218–1243. doi:10.1080/02757206.2023.2235383. PMC 11601050. PMID 39611056.
  10. ^ Wilson, Bruce G. (1992). Manuscripts and government records in the United Kingdom and Ireland relating to Canada. Internet Archive. Ottawa: National Archives Canada. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-660-57424-0.
  11. ^ The Naval Shipping and Fisheries Exhibition. Getty Research Institute. London: Gale & Polden. 1905. p. 99.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ^ Stephan, John J. (1969). "The Crimean War in the Far East". Modern Asian Studies. 3 (3): 257–277. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00002365. ISSN 0026-749X. JSTOR 311951.
  13. ^ King, John W. (1861). The China Pilot (3rd ed.). London: J.D. Potter. pp. 379, 397 – via Archive.org.
  14. ^ Clowes, William Laird (1897). The Royal Navy, a History from the Earliest Times to the Death of Queen Victoria. Vol. 7. London: Samson Low, Marston and Co. pp. 99–112.
  15. ^ Cooke, George Wingrove (1859). China. The Library of Congress. London, New York, G. Routledge & co. p. 42.
  16. ^ Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell Lyons; Great Britain. Foreign Office; Great Britain. Colonial Office; Sinclair, Hamilton and Co (1864). Correspondence respecting the capture of the "Saxon" by the United States' ship "Vanderbilt.". Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. London : Printed by Harrison and Sons.
  17. ^ Semmes, Raphael (1864). The cruise of the Alabama and the Sumter. Oxford University. London, Saunders, Otley & Co.
  18. ^ S Akweenda International Law and the protection of Namibia's territorial integrity, p. 266, at Google Books
  19. ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette". 20 May 1871. p. 2474. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  20. ^ "Deaths". London and China Telegraph. 19 May 1873. p. 318.
  21. ^ Zachary, Logan (May 2021). "A Northwest Passage Guide to Kensal Green Cemetery". Illuminator. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  22. ^ Freebairn, Alison (3 June 2021). "Through a Land So wild: A Franklin Expedition Guide to Kensal Green Cemetery". There Stood No Friendly Finger-Post to Guide Us. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  23. ^ Stokes, John Lort (1846). Discoveries in Australia. London: T. and W. Boone. pp. 81, 275.
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